High conversion efficiency solar laser pumping by a light-guide/2D-CPC cavity

A simple and efficient light-guide/2D-CPC solar pumping approach is proposed. A fused silica light-guide assembly is used to transmit 6 kW concentrated solar power from the focal spot of a large parabolic mirror to the entrance aperture of a 2D-CPC pump cavity, where a long and thin Nd:YAG rod is efficiently pumped. Numerical calculations are made for different light-guides, 2D-CPC cavities and laser rods. The laser output power is investigated through finite element analysis. With 4 mm diameter rod, the maximum calculated laser power of 75.8 W is obtained, corresponding to the conversion efficiency of more than 11 W/m². The tracking error dependent laser power losses are lower than 4%. A small scale prototype was constructed and tested, reaching 8.1 W/m² conversion efficiency.     

用157 nm激光制作的光子晶体光纤法布里-珀罗传感器

157nm准分子激光用于微加工具有单光子能量高,峰值功率高,材料吸收系数高,分辨率高等优点。利用157nm激光微加工的方法,在光子晶体光纤上融切出微小矩形孔,从而构成腔长为45.6μm的微光纤法布里-珀罗干涉腔,得到的干涉条纹平滑,衬比度约为26dB,并从激光与石英材料的相互作用上分析了形成较好干涉条纹的原因。把这种微腔应用于应变测量,在550μm范围内,腔长增量相对于应变的灵敏度为0.32nm/μm,线形度达0.9994。实验证明该微腔对温度不敏感,800℃范围内腔长变化仅20nm。157nm准分子激光加工光纤法布里-珀罗腔方法简单,一次成型,具有较高的加工效率和精度,有望实现光纤法布里-珀罗腔的规模化批量制造,具有较好的应用前景。     

Geometric and number effect on damping capacity of Helmholtz resonators in a model chamber

An acoustic cavity was selected as a stabilization device to control high-frequency combustion instabilities in gas turbines or liquid rocket engine combustors, and the acoustic damping capacity of the acoustic cavity was investigated for various geometric configurations under atmospheric non-reacting conditions. The tuning frequency of the acoustic cavity and the acoustic responses of a model chamber with a single acoustic cavity were studied first. Damping capacity was initially quantified through the frequency width of two split modes and the amplitude-damped ratio. The results showed that the cavity with the largest orifice area or the shortest orifice length was the most effective in acoustic damping of the harmful resonant mode. The effect of the number of cavities on acoustic damping capacity was also studied. Damping capacity was improved by increasing the number of cavities. For a better evaluation of acoustic damping capacity, two quantified parameters; the acoustic absorption, meaning the damping efficiency, and acoustic conductance, meaning the acoustic power loss, were introduced. The case was observed that has had insufficient loss of acoustic power in spite of having the highest absorption efficiency. As a result, fine geometric tuning for the acoustic cavity is required for the sufficient passive control. Also, the choice of the number of cavities is important to optimize the damping efficiency and absolute damping loss in consideration of the restriction of the cavity volume.     

Generation of Coupled Modes in an Unmatched Three-Mirror Laser Cavity

An extraordinary phenomenon of generation of coupled types of oscillations with a transverse field distribution corresponding to the ТЕМ _pq eigenmodes with different pairs of indices p and q in the main laser cavity and in an external cavity has been experimentally detected. The excitation of coupled modes depends on the configuration and tuning of partial cavities. To solve the system of integral equations for a three-mirror cavity with mismatched spherical mirrors in the quasioptical approximation, it has been proposed to use modified boundary conditions including the coupling coefficients for eigenmodes in partial cavities.     

激光二极管抽运非平面单向行波环形腔单频固体激光器的设计

激光二极管抽运的单块非平面环形腔固体激光器具有结构稳固、效率高等优点 ,在一定的纵向磁场作用下 ,可形成单向行波振荡 ,纵向抽运时就可得到较高功率的单频输出 ,有广泛的应用前景。文中在详细讨论了非平面单向行波环形腔形成单频的原理基础上 ,研究了国际上流行的“三角形”单块非平面环形腔 ,并用此种腔型得到 2 70 m W的基横模单纵模 1.0 6μm激光 ;同时提出了所设计的非平面环形腔“梯形环形腔”和“角锥棱镜式环形腔”。由于它们工作原理相近 ,统称它们为“泛三角形非平面单向行波环形腔”。     

Cavity-enhanced spectroscopy in optical fibers

Cavity-enhanced methods have been extended to fiber optics by use of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as reflectors. High-finesse fiber cavities were fabricated from FBGs made in both germanium/boron-co-doped photosensitive fiber and hydrogen-loaded Corning SMF-28 fiber. Optical losses in these cavities were determined from the measured Fabry-Perot transmission spectra and cavity ring-down spectroscopy. For a 10-m-long single-mode fiber cavity, ring-down times in excess of 2 ms were observed at 1563.6 nm, and individual laser pulses were resolved. An evanescent-wave access block was produced within a fiber cavity, and an enhanced sensitivity to optical loss was observed as the external medium's refractive index was altered.     

X波段相对论大功率速调管放大器的高频结构模拟研究

采用MAGIC 2.5D模拟软件,建立了X波段11.424GHz相对论大功率速调管放大器的高频结构模型。该模型由5个简单药盒型谐振腔组成,包括1个输入腔、3个中间腔和1个输出腔。研究了该模型的高频特性,初步设计漂移管及各谐振腔结构参数,再结合热腔模拟,研究了输入腔的吸收匹配问题,依据各腔体对基波电流逐级调制情况,优化配合各腔体的间隙等结构参数,从而获得电子束的最佳调制状态,最后通过调节外加均匀磁场大小获得百MW功率输出,结果表明:在加速电压520kV、束电流460A、外加磁场0.4T的条件下,当注入信号功率为1kW时,基波电流调制深度达162%,最终输出功率105MW,效率43.5%,增益50dB。     

Gain enhancement in Nd:glass laser amplifiers using electro-polished aluminum reflectors

This paper presents a comparative study of single pass gain of a Nd:glass laser amplifier using geometrically identical reflector cavities of different reflector materials or surface treatment. An improvement in the small-signal single-pass gain by a factor of 2 and 1.5 is observed for an electro-polished aluminum cavity over a gold-plated cavity and mechanically polished aluminum cavity, corresponding to an increase of 25% and 15% respectively in the pump coupling efficiency.     

不同谐振腔分步合成法制备的固态染料P567可调谐激光器

利用新型分步合成法制备的激光染料P567掺杂有机改性凝胶玻璃,建立了基于全息光栅的两种不同腔型可调谐激光器.采用光栅零级作为输出的激光器,调谐范围近70nm (543～610nm), 获得的最高斜效率为17%;采用腔镜耦合输出方式,调谐范围超过30 nm (553～585 nm),获得的最高斜效率为9.7%.并对激光器的可调谐范围、阈值、斜效率及线宽等参数进行了深入的分析比较.     

Different optical properties in different periodic slot cavity geometrical morphologies

In this paper,optical properties of two-dimensional periodic annular slot cavity arrays in hexagonal close-packing on a silica substrate are theoretically characterized by finite difference time domain(FDTD) simulation method.By simulating reflectance spectra,electric field distribution,and charge distribution,we confirm that multiple cylindrical surface plasmon resonances can be excited in annular inclined slot cavities by linearly polarized light,in which the four reflectance dips are attributed to Fabry–Perot cavity resonances in the coaxial cavity.A coaxial waveguide mode TE11 will exist in these annular cavities,and the wavelengths of these reflectance dips are effectively tailored by changing the geometrical pattern of slot cavity and the dielectric materials filled in the cavities.These resonant wavelengths are localized in annular cavities with large electric field enhancement and dissipate gradually due to metal loss.The formation of an absorption peak can be explained from the aspect of phase matching conditions.We observed that the proposed structure can be tuned over the broad spectral range of 600–4000 nm by changing the outer and inner radii of the annular gaps,gap surface topography.Meanwhile,different lengths of the cavity may cause the shift of resonance dips.Also,we study the field enhancement at different vertical locations of the slit.In addition,dielectric materials filling in the annular gaps will result in a shift of the resonance wavelengths,which make the annular cavities good candidates for refractive index sensors.The refractive index sensitivity of annular cavities can also be tuned by the geometry size and the media around the cavity.Annular cavities with novel applications can be implied as surface enhanced Raman spectra substrates,refractive index sensors,nano-lasers,and optical trappers.     

Comparison of different side-pumping configurations for high power laser diode pumped solid-state laser

Ray-tracing method is used to simulate the distribution of absorption in crystal rod for different side-pumping configuration. The distribution of pumping power and absorption efficiency is compared, and the numerical results are presented. The results show that the more uniform pumping and the higher absorption coefficient are obtained with a diffuse cavity. And the method of the slow axis of laser diode stack perpendicular to the axis of lasing gives the higher central pumping density.     

Stable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser with switchable spacing employing controllable channel loss

A stable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser with switchable spacing is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. An arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) incorporating two fiber optic switches (OS) is used to as the wavelength selector. The ring cavity is divided into two cavities by a 30:70 optical coupler. Equalized dual-wavelength outputs are achieved by controlling the variable optical attenuator (VOA) inserted in the lower loss cavity. The wavelength spacing can be tuned from 0.80 to 12.05 nm. The fiber laser has good optical quality with maximum power fluctuation of 1.5 dB and side mode suppression ratios (SMSRs) higher than 71 dB.     

Cavity enhanced wavelength modulation spectrometry for application in chemical analysis

A simple and robust absorption technique is developed which combines cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy and wavelength modulation spectroscopy and measures the integrated output of unlocked cavities. The detection power of the technique is affected by peculiarities of the laser injection into a cavity causing excess noise which exceeds the shot noise. The noise and ways for its reduction are discussed. The new method is demonstrated by absorption measurements of excited carbon atoms in a microwave induced plasma. Preliminary detection limits equivalent to optical depths below 10^-6 were obtained. PACS 42.55.Px; 42.62.Fi; 42.60.Mi     

Coordinate-transformed and self-reproducible complex amplitudes inside laser cavities

We showed theoretically that coordinate transformation is effective in laser cavities because self-reproducible and coordinate-transformed complex amplitude pairs can exist in a laser cavity. Therefore, the intensity profiles in laser cavities can be designed within the limitations of the compatibility conditions.     

多段阵列式钕玻璃放大器泵浦腔的光线追迹分析

采用光线追迹和蒙特卡罗法以及实验拟合数据，建立了多段钕玻璃放大器闪光灯泵浦腔的数值计算模型，模拟结果表明，光传输效率，储能密度分布和泵浦均匀性与泵浦腔几何形成有关，提出了一种新泵浦腔构形，它具有效率高，均匀性好和造价不很优点，本文所得结果对大尺寸多段阵列式钕玻璃的大器的设计有参考价值。     

Analytic theory of a tapered gyrotron resonator

An analytic theory has been derived for determining the eigenfrequencies, RF-field distribution and Q of the TE_mpq modes of a gyrotron resonator consisting of a circular cylinder joined to a slowly tapered section. Explicit results are obtained for a linear taper. The cavity modes are found to have an RF-field distribution which is useful for prebunching the electron beam and enhancing efficiency. For high Q cavities, the cavity Q depends on axial mode number q as q^–2, which is important for mode discrimination. Proper selection of taper length is found to reduce the Q of high q modes, also aiding in mode discrimination. The present approach may be applied to other forms of weakly irregular cavities, such as cavities with nonlinear tapers.Work supported by U.S.D.O.E. Contract DE-AC02-78ET-51013Supported by U.S. Department of Energy     

Diode pumping of a solid-state laser rod by a two-dimensional CPC-elliptical cavity with intervening optics

The pump radiation from a large area two-dimensional diode stack is concentrated into a cylindrical intervening optics by a first-stage 2D-CPC concentrator. The compressed radiation from the intervening optics is then efficiently coupled into a laser rod by a second-stage 2D-elliptical pump cavity. Depending on the width of the pump source, optimized rod mounting position is found through a non-sequential ray-tracing analysis. By comparing with the performance of a 2D-CPC-CPC cavity, significant improvements in both absorption efficiency and absorption distribution are achieved by a 2D-CPC-EL cavity. This asymmetric pumping scheme constitutes also an effective alternative to conventional symmetric pumping approaches.     

基于可调谐激光吸收光谱技术的多条吸收谱线重建气体浓度二维分布的研究

针对二维气体浓度分布,主要选用多条H₂O的吸收谱线,采用代数迭代重建算法,研究了在激光光束较少且假定温度分布已知的情况下,即不考虑燃烧场中温度对谱线强度的影响时,不同谱线条数对二维浓度重建结果的影响,对比了在同一浓度模型下通过增加激光光束与增加H₂O吸收谱线条数对气体浓度重建结果的影响;研究了增加谱线条数重建气体浓度分布对不同温度与浓度分布模型的适应情况,其中,文中所选取的多条吸收谱线可以由一个激光器同时扫描得到。浓度测量区域采用10×10的网格划分,测量区域中的温度和浓度分布采用单峰不均匀分布与双峰不均匀分布,重建过程中计算了吸收谱线与激光光束的有效利用率。重建结果表明在激光光束较少时,增加吸收谱线条数可以获得更多与浓度相关的谱线参数信息,且与增加激光光束相比可以明显改善浓度重建结果,更主要的是增加谱线条数可以有效降低实验中硬件设备的成本投入以及测量系统的复杂性。     

Diode-pumped 10 W continuous wave cesium laser

An efficient cesium vapor laser pumped with a continuous wave laser diode array has been demonstrated. The linewidth of the pump source was narrowed using the external cavity to match it to the cesium absorption line. The output power of the continuous wave cesium laser was 10 W, which exceeds previous results by more than a factor of 10, and the slope efficiency was 68%. The overall optical efficiency was 62%, which is a factor of 6 higher than previous pulsed laser results for alkali lasers with diode laser array pumping.     

High frequency pulse trains from a self-starting additive pulse mode-locked all-fiber laser

In this paper, a coupled-cavity Er-doped fiber laser is experimentally developed and analyzed. The proposed scheme has the advantage of an all-fiber configuration. Two similar fiber Bragg gratings are employed as reflective components of the main cavity containing the gain medium. The second cavity is generated, in one side, by the reflective flat end of a standard fiber optic pigtail of variable length and, in the other, by one of the Bragg gratings belonging to the main cavity. Depending on the ratio between the lengths of both cavities, trains of stable and short pulses were obtained with a repetition frequency larger than the frequency of the main cavity. The repetition rate of the pulse trains experimentally obtained was as high as 780 MHz (15 times the main cavity frequency) and the pulse width was ∼110 ps. Prediction of the possible repetition rates for each cavities lengths ratio and the upgrading possibilities of this laser system are analyzed.