铀基聚变-裂变混合堆次临界能源包层有限元力学分析

次临界能源包层是聚变-裂变混合堆的重要部件,对其进行力学特性分析研究是确保整个反应堆正常运行的关键。本文利用有限元分析软件对次临界能源包层的第一壁结构、支撑固定结构的相关零部件开展了初步的力学分析,得到了各零部件相关结构的最大应力值、应力分布云图和变形分布云图,其中支撑结构的最大应力位于加强筋板与圆柱定位销的连接处,应力值为310.2 MPa;第一壁的最大应力位于“U”形流道拐角处,应力值为240.7 MPa;按相应的评价准则进行结构的强度和刚度校核,计算结果表明次临界能源包层各零部件能够满足计算工况下的强度和刚度要求。     

有限元法在金刚石合成中的应用进展

金刚石以其优异的性能广泛应用于国防工程、机械加工、电子科技等领域,其需求量也日益增大。有限元法适用于复杂几何结构和物理问题的模拟分析,由此开辟了有限元法应用于金刚石合成和相应设备优化的新途径。阐述了有限元方法在六面顶压机及金刚石合成腔体工艺方面的应用进展。首先,考虑静力、应力强度、应力分布和形变等影响因素,对铰链梁和工作缸进行模拟分析,运用有限元法对顶锤的作用、破坏机理及新型顶锤设计进行探讨;其次,总结有限元法在金刚石腔体内的温度场、压力场、电学场等研究中的应用进展;最后,对有限元法在金刚石合成中的应用前景进行展望。     

基于有限元法确立碳化钨顶锤的破裂判据

以有限元法为理论基础,通过运行大型有限元软件,成功构建了铰链式六面顶压机配套顶锤的有限元理论模型,并确立了碳化钨顶锤的破裂判据。模拟结果表明:以小斜边末尾处为应力参考点,依据第四强度理论,能够对碳化钨顶锤的性能进行更加合理的数值分析。依据此判据可知:在顶锤锤面及小斜边附近,裂纹高发区分布在小斜边附近;在顶锤轴向上,裂纹高发区分布在距离顶锤锤面30 mm处。铰链式六面顶压机配套碳化钨顶锤的有限元模型以及碳化钨顶锤破裂判据的成功构建,为实现新型碳化钨顶锤的设计与研究奠定了基础,对促进实现铰链式六面顶压机腔体大型化具有现实意义。     

柔性铰链的有限元法设计与分析

大变形、小应力、小中心漂移的柔性铰链的研制一直是柔性铰链研究的难题。本文在参考国外某款柔性铰链的基础上,利用V型结构设计、叠加理论和对称布置方法设计了一种新型的柔性铰链。针对这种柔性铰链的设计进行了概念性研究,建立了铰链的数学模型,研究了这种新型柔性铰链的性能。有限元方法分析表明,该设计方法增加了铰链柔性部分的长度,降低了它的中心漂移和最大应力,得到其最大转角约为16°,最大中心漂移为3.557μm,最大应力为499.8 MPa,满足了最初的设计指标要求。结果证明该铰链具有一定的实用价值。     

柔性铰链的有限元法设计与分析

大变形、小应力、小中心漂移的柔性铰链的研制一直是柔性铰链研究的难题。本文在参考国外某款柔性铰链的基础上,利用V型结构设计、叠加理论和对称布置方法设计了一种新型的柔性铰链。针对这种柔性铰链的设计进行了概念性研究,建立了铰链的数学模型,研究了这种新型柔性铰链的性能。有限元方法分析表明,该设计方法增加了铰链柔性部分的长度,降低了它的中心漂移和最大应力,得到其最大转角约为16°,最大中心漂移为3.557μm,最大应力为499.8 MPa,满足了最初的设计指标要求。结果证明该铰链具有一定的实用价值。     

飞秒激光冲击AZ31B镁合金过程的数值模拟

采用有限元分析法对飞秒激光冲击AZ31B镁合金进行数值模拟,研究了激光冲击处理对镁合金变形过程的影响,分析了单脉冲激光冲击下材料内部的位移、动能、应力和应变的分布情况,得到了材料的瞬态速度和应变率变化过程.仿真结果表明,单脉冲飞秒激光冲击镁合金产生的塑性变形,可在材料表面形成微米级凹坑,中心点处最大位移为34μm,最大变形速度390m/s;在冲击初期,材料表面的应力和应变主要分布在冲击区域中心节点和边缘附近,并且得到镁合金的最大应力和最大应变率分别为955 MPa和1.8×106 s-1.研究结果能够为深入分析飞秒激光与镁合金作用时材料变形参量的变化规律提供数值理论依据.     

大耕深旋耕刀激光冲击强化残余应力研究

研究了激光冲击强化对回转半径为350mm大耕深旋耕刀残余应力的影响,利用ANSYS对旋耕刀进行理论应力分析,发现应力集中在刀柄外弯角处,同时进行了激光冲击强化模拟,得到理论残余应力引入值。利用X射线衍射法对激光冲击强化前后旋耕刀表面进行了残余应力测试。结果表明,ANSYS模拟激光冲击强化引入的残余应力值与试验实测的结果吻合得较好,相比未经处理的旋耕刀,激光冲击强化后刀具表面残余应力明显增大,最大残余压应力达412.25 MPa,增幅达166%,残余压应力的引入可消除旋耕刀工作的应力集中,提高了刀具使用寿命。研究结果为进一步提高和优化大耕深旋耕刀制造工艺提供了新的参考依据。     

一维静载与循环冲击共同作用下砂岩动态力学特性试验研究

以硬岩巷道的煤系砂岩为研究对象,利用改进的动静组合加载分离式霍普金森压杆系统进行轴压梯度为5、15、20 MPa,冲击气压梯度为0.8、1.0、1.2 MPa的一维循环冲击压缩试验。结果表明：整个循环冲击过程中,在不考虑轴压和冲击气压的情况下,砂岩的峰值应力随着冲击次数的增加呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,而峰值应变、最大应变及平均应变率均呈现相反的变化趋势;在相同的冲击气压下,砂岩的峰值应力和累计循环冲击次数随轴压的增大而减小;在相同的轴压下,随着冲击气压的增大,峰值应力不断增大,而累计冲击次数却先增大后减小;在一维静载与循环冲击的共同作用下,砂岩的整个冲击过程可划分为压密阶段、内部裂纹发展阶段和加速破坏阶段。研究表明,地下深部矿柱失稳大概率是在静载与动载的相互作用下导致的,而动载的频繁扰动是矿柱失稳的主要影响因素。     

二维骨料随机分布混凝土的动态力学性能数值模拟北大核心CSCD

将混凝土看成粗骨料和水泥砂浆组成的二相非均质复合材料。根据富勒级配曲线和瓦拉文平面转化公式,编写了二维圆形骨料随机分布程序,对混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟。分析冲击速度、试件尺寸、粗骨料大小及分布和粗骨料体积分数对混凝土动态力学性能的影响,讨论了混凝土的冲击破坏模式。数值模拟表明:混凝土的峰值应力随着冲击速度的增大而增大,具有明显的率效应;随着模型尺寸的增大而减小,表现出明显的尺寸效应;随着粗骨料体积分数增大,冲击荷载作用下混凝土的峰值应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势,粗骨料体积分数为40%时混凝土峰值应力最大;保持粗骨料最大粒径不变,随着粗骨料最小粒径的增大,混凝土的峰值应力逐渐减小;保持粗骨料最小粒径不变,随着粗骨料最大粒径的增大,混凝土的峰值应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势。数值模拟结果为混凝土的工程应用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

二维骨料随机分布混凝土的动态力学性能数值模拟

将混凝土看成粗骨料和水泥砂浆组成的二相非均质复合材料。根据富勒级配曲线和瓦拉文平面转化公式,编写了二维圆形骨料随机分布程序,对混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟。分析冲击速度、试件尺寸、粗骨料大小及分布和粗骨料体积分数对混凝土动态力学性能的影响,讨论了混凝土的冲击破坏模式。数值模拟表明:混凝土的峰值应力随着冲击速度的增大而增大,具有明显的率效应;随着模型尺寸的增大而减小,表现出明显的尺寸效应;随着粗骨料体积分数增大,冲击荷载作用下混凝土的峰值应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势,粗骨料体积分数为40%时混凝土峰值应力最大;保持粗骨料最大粒径不变,随着粗骨料最小粒径的增大,混凝土的峰值应力逐渐减小;保持粗骨料最小粒径不变,随着粗骨料最大粒径的增大,混凝土的峰值应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势。数值模拟结果为混凝土的工程应用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

Development of Hybrid-Type Pressure Cell for High-Pressure and High-Field ESR Measurement

A hybrid-type piston-cylinder pressure cell for the electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement has been developed. The cylinder of this pressure cell consists of a NiCrAl inner cylinder and a CuBe outer sleeve, and all inner parts are made of zirconium oxide which has good transmittance to the millimeter and submillimeter waves. We confirmed that the pressure reaches 2.1 GPa. We have also developed a transmission-type high-field ESR system having two different modulation methods for this pressure cell. A test measurement without pressure cell for the two-dimensional orthogonal-dimer spin system of SrCu₂(BO₃)₂ has been done successfully in the wide frequency region. The combination of this electromagnetic wave transmission-type pressure cell and this high-field ESR system is a promising tool for the study of the pressure-induced phase transition of SrCu₂(BO₃)₂.     

Scattering of gaussian beam by a ferrite cylinder

The scattering of a Gaussian beam by a ferrite cylinder is analyzed using two methods. The spatial pictures in the amplitude of the total Gaussian beam near the cylinder resulting from the two methods are both clarified and compared. The scattering by a ferrite cylinder coating a dielectric sleeve is also presented.     

Wide-Temperature-Range Dielectric Permittivity Measurement under High Pressure

Two measurement systems are developed for in-situ dielectric property measurement under high pressure in a wide-temperature range from 77 K to 1273 K. The high-temperature system ranging from room temperature up to 1273 K is equipped with a hexahedron anvils press,while the low-temperature system ranging from liquid nitrogen temperature to normal condition is equipped using the piston cylinder setup with a specially designed sample chamber. Using these configurations, the dielectric property measurement of ferroelectric BaTiO_3 and multiferroic Tm_(0.5)Gd_(0.5)MnO_3 compounds are demonstrated, which proves the validity of the systems through the tuning of the polarization and phase transition boundary by high pressure. These two systems will be equally applicable to a wide variety of electronic and transport property measurements of insulators,semiconductors,as well as battery materials.     

钝感高能炸药爆轰产物JWL状态方程再研究

对钝感高能炸药JB-9014的爆轰产物JWL状态方程进行了深入研究。利用改进的圆筒试验技术,得到了筒壁膨胀的质点速度、位移和加速度的实验结果;通过解析分析和曲线拟合相结合的方法,确定了爆轰产物JWL状态方程参数;采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D程序进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果进行了对比和分析,验证了状态方程参数的适用性。     

High Pressure High Temperature Dynamic Rheometry of Sulfonated Polyacrylamide Solutions in Electrolyte Media as Used for Oil Recovery Applications

Sulfonated polyacrylamide (SPAA) solutions were prepared and the effects of pressure, polymer concentration, and water temperature, pH and salinity on their rheological behavior were investigated using a concentric cylinder dynamic rheometer equipped with a high pressure cell. According to the rheological flow curves the shear stress of SPAA solutions increased less than in proportion to their shear rates; that is, a shear thinning effect occurred. For polymer solutions containing 15,000 ppm of SPAA, shear viscosity, and stress were nearly insensitive to pressure. However, the shear viscosity and stress of SPAA solutions were affected by temperature and this effect was more evident at lower pressure. The flow curves indicated the shear viscosity and stress of the samples increased with increasing SPAA concentration and pH of the water, but were decreased with increasing water salinity and temperature.     

低频宽带大功率镶拼圆管换能器

本文介绍了在研制由镶拼圆管组成的低频、宽带、大功率换能器时，为民宽频带所有取的设计方案、制作和实验结果。     

The spatial distribution of sound pressure within scaled replicas of the human ear canal

A theoretical model for calculating the variation of sound pressure within the ear canal is presented. The theory is an extension of the horn equation approach, and accounts for the variation of cross-sectional area and curvature of the ear canal along its length. Absorption of acoustic energy at the eardrum is included empirically through an effective eardrum impedance that acts at a single location in the canal. For comparison, measurements of the distribution of sound pressure have been made in two replica ear canals. Both replicas have geometries that duplicate, as nearly as possible, that of a real human ear canal, except that they have been scaled up in size to increase the precision of measurements. One of the replicas explicitly contains a load impedance to provide acoustical absorption at a single eardrum position. Agreement between theory and experiment was good. It is clear that at higher frequencies (above about 6 kHz in human ear canals), this theoretical approach is preferable to the more usual "uniform cylinder" approximation for the ear canal. At higher frequencies, there is no unique eardrum pressure; rather, very large variations of sound pressure are found over the tympanic membrane surface.     

ITER 极向场线圈销轴电弧喷涂 3Cr13涂层性能研究

按照ITER极向场线圈(PF)销轴的设计要求,考虑到工程制造过程中的实际需求,采用对锻造后的销轴进行电弧喷涂铁基3Cr13耐磨涂层以增加其表面硬度和耐磨性能。所制备的涂层性能优异,与基底之间的结合牢固,表面维氏显微硬度HV0.3为353MPa,比基底材料增加了23.4%,摩擦磨损性能测试表明,涂层材料在77K液氮及真空环境下耐磨性能更优,满足ITER PF销轴的要求。     

具有碳纤维材料环的超高压模具

介绍了一种使用钢环和碳纤维复合材料环共同预紧方式的两面顶超高压模具,该结构在全钢环两面顶模具的基础上,使用一层碳纤维复合材料环代替最外层钢环,得到了一种具有碳纤维复合材料环的超高压模具。这种设计避免了大直径钢环难以制造加工的问题,形成一种以钢环与复合材料环共同对压缸预紧的新型预紧方式。数值分析表明:该模具结构设计具有可行性,可以在一定程度上减小压缸的周向应力、最大剪切应力和等效应力。此外,对碳纤维复合材料环进行了失效判别。     

A bending wave simulator for investigating directional vibration sensing in insects

Substrate vibrations are important in social and ecological interactions for many insects and other arthropods. Localization cues include time and amplitude differences among an array of vibration detectors. However, for small species these cues are greatly reduced, and localization mechanisms remain unclear. Here we describe a method of simulating the vibrational environment that facilitates investigation of localization mechanisms in small species. Our model species was the treehopper Umbonia crassicornis (Membracidae; length 1 cm), which communicates using bending waves that propagate along plant stems. We designed a simulator consisting of a length of dowel and two actuators. The actuators were driven with two time signals that created the relationship between slope and displacement characteristic of steady-state bending wave motion. Because the surface of the dowel does not bend, as would a natural stem, close approximation of bending wave motion was limited to a region in the center of the dowel. An example of measurements of the dynamic response of an insect on the simulator is provided to illustrate its utility in the study of directional vibration sensing in insects.