环境温度对燃气轮机功热并供装置及联合循环变工况性能的影响

采用动力机械变工况性能解析分析方法,研究了大气温度变化对燃气轮机功热并供和联合循环装置性能影响．指出燃气轮机在带有余热利用的条件下,大气温度的影响明显减弱,并对不同燃气轮机设计参数和蒸汽设计参数影响做了分析比较。     

中低温太阳能品位间接提升及系统集成

本文提出了中低温太阳热能品位间接提升的概念、方法和系统集成,其核心是热集成和热化学转换的有机结合。在所提出的太阳能和化石能源综合互补的化学回热循环系统(SOLRGT)中,中低温太阳热能首先提供蒸汽蒸发潜热从而转化为蒸汽内能;其次通过蒸汽参与重整反应进一步转化为合成气化学能,实现品位提升;最后得以在高效的燃气轮机系统中实现热功转换。由于太阳能的引入,燃气轮机透平排气余热回收部分的热匹配得到极大改善,并减少了化石能源消耗;同时,蒸汽产率的增加有助于增进系统化学回热和物理回热收益。系统中太阳能热转功净效率可达26.5%;和常规化学回热循环相比,化石能源节约率可达20%～30%,实现相应数量的CO_2减排,系统中实现了中低温太阳能的高效热功转换和与化石燃料的梯级互补。     

单轴恒速燃气轮机及其功热并供装置的典型变工况特性

利用作者在本期给出的单轴恒速燃气轮机及其功热并供装置的变工况显式解析解，本文给出它们的变工况典型性能．当变工况性能均以其设计值的比值表示时，不同设计值机组的各种无因次变工况性能曲线均分别在一条狭带之中，尤其是燃气轮机的效率基本就在一条线上，而且此线与实际数据相当符合．对以饱和蒸汽供热的功热并供装置，本文特别指出当设计蒸汽压力较高时，其余热锅炉逼近温差在低工况下很容易变为负值，要注意其安全运转问题．     

燃气轮机功热并供装置标定试验工况确定和修正探讨

本文应用变工况的折合参数相似理论和因次分析原理,确定燃气轮机功热并供装置标定试验的试验工况原则,并提出简捷合理的修正方法。具体推导多结合较复杂的分轴燃气轮机与排气全燃型锅炉联合的功热并供系统进行。对工程实践有一定实用价值。     

余热在蒸汽回热动力循环中的热效率

一、问题的提出 有蒸汽回热动力循环的电厂、大型钢铁、化工厂等是耗能大户,在生产过程中会产生大量的余热,如电厂锅炉的排烟热损失就是可利用的余热。若能利用余热来加热回热循环中的凝结水,就可排挤一部分汽轮机的回热抽汽使之继续在汽轮机中作功,这是利用余热获得功,但余热的利用减少了回热效果,又使经济性下降,那么在蒸汽回热动力循环中余热利用的经济性如何?其热效率有多高?这是本文所要探讨的问题.     

单轴恒速回热燃气轮机的变工况解析特性及初步经济分析

本文给出单轴恒速回热燃气轮机变工况特性的显式解析解,并且总结了其变工况的典型情况;发现当对所有参数都用与其设计值的比值表达时,燃气轮机效率可以基本总结为单一曲线,并定量论证了恒速单轴燃气轮机采用回热后变工况效率反而相对有所下降。利用得出的解析解,还对采用回热的经济评价给出了初步分析,给出了采用回热合适与否的判别公式。     

功热并供评价准则及燃气轮机功热并供基本分析

除了常用的总能源利用率和(火用)效率外,本文提出了另一个紧密结合经济考虑的功热并供评价准则——经济(火用)效率.由此可以比较实际地基本定量分析与优化功热并供燃气轮机的设计参数,并总结出一些规律,可供实用参考.     

部分回热回注蒸汽燃气轮机循环的研究

1前言自从美国国际动力技术公司的程大献先生于1976—1981年间提出“双工质平行一复合循环热机”发明专利后，这种回注蒸汽燃气轮机（STIG）循环已在数个国家的多种型号的燃气轮机装置上得到应用，并取得实效。众所周知，回热燃气轮机具有较高热效率，而STIG循环具有高比?..     

中温烟气为热源的CO_2跨临界循环改进及分析

着眼于初温为300~600℃的中温烟气余热动力回收,以单位质量烟气的循环净输出功(循环比净功)最大为优化目标,对CO_2跨临界循环(CO_2-TC)以及分别引入全回热、分流回热(部分冷却)措施形成的改进型循环,进行了性能优化对比分析。结果表明,全回热CO_2-TC的比净功和循环热效率明显高于CO_2-TC;在烟气初温较高的情形下,分流回热CO_2-TC有最高的循环热效率,但比净功输出较低。     

太阳能燃气轮机与卡林那循环联合的热发电系统

本文提出了一种带间冷回热的太阳能燃气轮机与卡林那循环组成的联合循环发电系统,对其热力性能进行了分析,并研究了关键运行参数对热力性能影响。塔式太阳能接收器将经过间冷压缩的压缩空气加热至1000℃用以驱动燃气轮机做功。卡林那循环用以回收燃气余热发电。基于蔡睿贤的比较法,推导出了该系统太阳能热发电效率的简明解析式。结果表明,当燃气轮机入口温度为1000℃时,该系统的(火用)效率和太阳能热发电效率分别可达到29%和27.5%,比太阳能燃气-蒸汽联合循环分别高1.8%和1.6%。该系统的提出,为提高太阳能热发电系统的太阳能热发电效率提供了一种方法,并且对太阳能热发电耗水大的问题提供了一个解决途径。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.