Crystal and Molecular Structure of Dichloro(ethylenediamine)gold(III) Nitrate: [Au(NH<Subscript>2</Subscript>CH<Subscript>2</Subscript>CH<Subscript>2</Subscript>NH<Subscript>2</Subscript>)Cl<Subscript>2</Subscript>]NO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

Abstract  The gold(III) atom in [Au(NH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂)Cl₂]NO₃ is chelated by the ethylenediamine (en) ligand and the approximately square planar geometry is completed by two chloride atoms. Weak Au···O and Au···Cl contacts are noted above and below the square plane leading to a tetragonally distorted octahedron for the gold(III) center. Extensive charge-assisted hydrogen bonding of the type N–H···O leads to the formation of a 2-D array and layers are consolidated into a 3-D network via C–H···O and C–H···Cl contacts. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 10.3380(11) ?, b = 8.2105(7) ?, c = 19.625(2) ?, and Z = 8. Index Abstract  Square planar complex cations form additional Au···O and Au···Cl interactions to form a tetragonally distorted octahedron for gold. The ionic components are connected into a 2-D array via charge-assisted N–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions.      

Structures of two N-{2-([(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)difluoromethyl]-4-halophenyl}acetamides

Abstract  

The compounds, N-{2-[(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)difluoromethyl]-4-chlorophenyl}acetamide (1: X = Cl) and N-{2([(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)difluoromethyl]-4-bromo-phenyl}acetamide (1: X = Br), are isostructural. The molecules are near ‘‘V’’ shaped with the angles between the two aromatic planes ca. 84° in each case. The various intermolecular interactions, namely N–H···O, N–H···N, N–H···F, and C–H···N hydrogen bonds and C–H···π, C–Cl···π and C–O···π interactions, generate 3-D arrays. Compound (1: X = Cl) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 16.9032(7) ?, 10.2193(4) ?, c = 7.5227(4) ?, β = 100.179(3)° and Z = 4. Compound (1: X = Br) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 17.2119(4) ?, 10.2167(2) ?, c = 7.5677(2) ?, β = 100.326(2)° and Z = 4.     

Crystal Structure?4-(2,4-Dihydroxybenzylideneamino)-5-methyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one

Abstract  

The title compound (I), 4-(2,4-dihydroxybenzlideneamino)-5-methyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This crystal is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 10.1447(7) ?, b = 7.0972(3) ?, c = 14.6726(10) ?, β = 98107(5)°, V = 1045.85(11) ?³, Z = 4, D _c = 1.487 g/cm³, F ₀₀ = 488, R = 0.039 and wR = 0.1025, S = 1.003, T = 293 (2) K. The title molecule is planar: the angle between the triazole ring and benzene ring is 179.1(1)°. The crystal structure contains two intramolecular (O–H···N and C–H···O) and three intermolecular interaction (O–H···N, N–H···O, and C–H···O). In addition, there is also π–π interactions.     

Spectral and X-ray Diffraction Studies of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(2-Nitrophenyl)-5-Phenyl-1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-Amine

Abstract  

Thiosemicarbazides and their derivatives are well known for their use in biological activity and many applications in pharmaceutical and industrial fields. The cyclization of 1-benzoyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide (BNPTSC) in dimethylformamide (DMF) medium furnished N-(2-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-amine (NPPOA). The chemical structure of the above substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole has been assigned by IR, mass and X-ray diffraction studies. The XRD studies reveal the presence of four types of hydrogen bonds (N–H···O, N–H···N, C–H···O, C–H···N) in the crystal packing. The crystal system was found to be orthorhombic with a space group Pca2(1) and the unit cell dimensions are: a = 26.873(3) ?, b = 6.0827(7) ?, c = 7.8502(10) ?, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90° and Z = 4.     

Crystal Structure,Conformation and Vibrational Analysis of a Mannich Base: 2-[(phenylamino) methyl]-isoindole-1,3-dione

Abstract  

The crystal structure of 2-[(phenylamino) methyl]-isoindole-1,3-dione, C₁₅H₁₂N₂O₂, crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pī with cell parameters of a = 7.1176 (2) ?, b = 8.5533 (3) ?, c = 10.9163 (4) ?, α = 95.937 (2)°, β = 102.975 (2)°, γ = 108.474 (2)°, V = 603.18 (4) ?³ and Z = 2. This indole derivative is a Mannich base in which a methyl group bridges the molecules of phthalimide and aniline molecules. The dihedral angle between the phthalimide and aniline is 75.47 (3)°. The molecules of the title compound forms a centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimer through a pair of N–H···O hydrogen bonds. C–H···π and an extensive π···π interactions, in addition, stabilize the molecular structure. The compound presented here is V-shaped, the angle at the methyl bridge [N–C–N] being 115.04 (12)°. Present study reports the conformation and hydrogen bonding interactions which play an important role in biological functions. Vibration analysis complement the structure analysed.     

Supramolecular Aggregation in the 1:1 Co-crystal Formed Between Merocyanine Dye and 3-Nitrophenol,Characterized as a Hydrate

Abstract  The title organic salt comprises a (E)-4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)vinyl]-1-methylpyridinium cation, a 3-nitro-phenoxide anion and a solvent water molecule of crystallisation. The anions and water molecules aggregate to form supramolecular chains facilitated by charge-assisted O–H···O hydrogen bonds and these form layers which are interspersed by layers of cations. Interactions between layers include O–H···O hydrogen bonding, as well as C–H···O and C–H···π contacts; π···π and C–H···O contacts are found within layers of cations. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with a = 15.018(7) ?, b = 7.328(2) ?, c = 17.571(7) ?, β = 112.342(15)°, and Z = 4. Index Abstract  A layer structure comprising alternating anions/water molecules and cations associated via charge-assisted O–H···O hydrogen bonding as well as C–H···O, C–H···π and π···π contacts is found in (II) .     

Crystal Structure of 2-<Emphasis Type="Italic">Exo</Emphasis>-Phenyl-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1,4-Epoxinafto[1,2-b]azepine

Abstract  

The title compound, C₂₀H₁₇NO, crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2₁2₁2₁ space group with unit cell parameters a = 7.6903(7) ?, b = 18.979(2) ?, c = 19.753(2) ?, with two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, which differ from one another in the slight rotation of the phenyl ring; this allows the formation of three internal hydrogen bonds, two of the type C–H···N and one of the type C–H···O, in one of the molecules, in contrast with only two of the type C–H···N in the other. The compound is rich in aromatic π rings and therefore the crystal packing is entirely dominated by cohesive weak C–H···π interactions among neighboring molecules producing an efficient packing with 71.2% of occupied space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (2S,6R) Ethyl 1,2,6-triphenyl-4-(phenylamino)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate

Abstract  

The title compound, (2S,6R), Ethyl 1,2,6-triphenyl-4-(phenylamino)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate (C₃₂H₃₀N₂O₂), was synthesised by the reaction of benzaldehyde, aniline and ethylacetoacetate, in the presence of l (−) proline–Fe(III) complex, formed in situ, at room temperature. The compound was characterized by spectral methods and X-ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P − 1 with the following unit-cell parameters: a = 9.651(4), b = 10.909(5), c = 13.737(7) ?, α = 106.597(7), β = 108.664(8), γ = 99.779(6)°, Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at 100 K and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to a final R-value of 0.0633 for 3415 observed reflections. The 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine ring exhibits a flat boat conformation. The structure has intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the type N–H···O, C–H···O and C–H···π, which help to stabilize the crystal structure.     

5-Pyridine 4-yl-3H-(1,3,4) Oxadiazole-2 Thione Hydrochloride Monohydrate, (I), and 4 [5-Ethylsulfanyl)-(1,3,4) Thiadiazole-2-yl]-Pyridinium Perchlorate, (II)

Abstract  

The title compounds C₇H₈ClN₃O₂S, (I), and C₉H₁₀ClN₃O₄S_2, (II), both crystallize in monoclinic space group P2₁ /c with unit cell parameters (I) a = 7.9402(7), b = 10.6312(9), c = 11.7626(10), ?, β = 99.271(5)°, Z = 4 and (II) a = 5.1439(2), b = 9.0636(4), c = 27.1814 (7), ?, β = 95.116(2)°, Z = 4. In (I) the molecule consists of a 5-pyridine-4-yl group bonded to the carbon atom at the 5 position of (1, 3, 4) oxadiazole-2 thione hydrochloride monohydrate. The angle between the mean planes of the oxadiazole and pyridine rings is 9.6(6)°. Crystal packing in (I) is stabilized by strong N–H···O hydrogen bonds in concert with a solvent water molecule and weak O–H···Cl, O–H···S, N–H···Cl intermolecular interactions. The crystal structure of compound (II) consists of 4 [5-ethylsulfanyl)-(1, 3, 4) thiadiazole-2-yl]-pyridinium perchlorate, (C₉H₁₀N₃S₂)⁺(ClO₄)⁻, cation–anion pairs, containing strong intermolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonds and weak C–H···O and N–H···O intermolecular interactions operating between the ionic species that form a cooperative hydrogen-bonded, infinite chain O–H···O–H···O–H network which generates a sheet motif structure in the unit cell. It is also supported by weak intermolecular Cg···Cg π–π and Cl–O···Cg π-ring interactions which gives additional support to molecular packing stability in the unit cell. Geometry optimized MOPAC AM1 computational calculations on each compound provides support to the structural features in their respective crystal structures.     

Structure and Antibacterial Activity of 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)furan-2(5<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-ones

Abstract  

Crystalline hydrate of the title compound (5), C₁₉H₂₆N₂O₅·2(H₂O), was structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic system space group P 21/c with a = 7.3987(7) ?, b = 17.8691(16) ?, c = 17.0022(13) ?, β = 112.944(3)°, V = 2070.0(3) ?³, Z = 4, R ₁ = 0.0592, wR ₂ = 0.1016, and T = 298(2) K. The X-ray structure determination revealed that the center furanone ring is nearly coplanar with 3,4-dimethoxybenzene ring, making a dihedral angle of 0.860(69)°. Two kinds of centrosymmetric tetramers characterized by graph-set motifs of R ₇⁸(36) and R ₄⁶(32) are formed through O–H···O, O–H···N and C–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions, which generate a sheet of edge-fused rings parallel to the (011) plane. These sheets are further linked into a three dimensional network by C–H···π interactions. Nine 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-ones were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, MS and ¹H NMR. All of them were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against three Gram-positive organisms and a Gram-negative organism, and compound 5 was the most active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.     

Supramolecular Interactions in the Adduct of Di-triethylammonium,tetrachlorobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate and tetrachlorobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid

Abstract  The adduct of di-triethylammonium, tetrachlorobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate and tetrachlorobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, i.e. {2(C₂H₅)₃NH⁺ C₈Cl₄O₄²⁻ H₂C₈Cl₄O₄}, crystallizes in triclinic, P-1 with cell dimensions of a = 8.5080(5) ?, b = 8.9789(6) ?, c = 12.5212(8) ?, α = 93.301(1)°, β = 109.107(1)°, γ = 103.565(1)°, V = 869.2(1) ?³ and Z = 2. The C₈Cl₄O₄²⁻ and H₂C₈Cl₄O₄ moieties link with each other by O–H···O along c axis, C–Cl···O=C along b axis and C–Cl···Cl–C along a axis to form the 3D framework of the crystal structure. The (C₂H₅)₃NH⁺ cations reside in the cavities of the 3D framework via various intermolecular interactions such as N–H···O, C–H···O and C–H···π. Index Abstract  In the title compound, tetrachlorobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylates and tetrachlorobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acids form 3D framework by hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds, and triethylammoniums reside in the voids of the framework via supramolecular interactions .     

The Synthesis and Structure of Two Novel <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(Benzothiazol-2-yl)benzamides

Abstract  Two novel benzothiazoles 2-chloro-N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzamide (1) and 2-chloro-N-(6-cyanobenzothiazol-2-yl)benzamide (2) were obtained in multistep synthesis. They were characterised by means of IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy and also by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound 1 crystallises with triclinic space group P , a = 9.5923(8) ?, b = 9.8583(8) ?, c = 13.8962(10) ?, α = 89.162(6)°, β = 77.741(7)°, γ = 80.064(7)°, V = 1264.5(2) ?³, Z = 4 and compound 2 crystallises as methanol solvate with monoclinic space group P 2₁/n, a = 7.5093(9) ?, b = 13.0211(14) ?, c = 16.032(2) ?, β = 92.717(10)°, V = 1565.9(3) ?³, Z = 4. Both crystal structures consist of discrete dimers connected into a three-dimensional network by intermolecular C–H···O and C–H···X (X = Cl or S) hydrogen bonds and by face-to-face π–π stacking interactions. Index Abstract  The synthesis and structure of two novel N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzamides. Irena Ćaleta, Dominik Cinčić, GraceKarminski-Zamola and Branko Kaitner. Hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions in N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzamides N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzamides.      

Crystal and Molecular Structure Studies of 1′-Benzyl-8-(4-fluorobenzyl)-8-azaspiro[bicyclo-[3.2.1]octane-3,4′-imidazolodine]-2′,5′-dione

Abstract  

The title compound, C₂₃H₂₃FN₃O₂ has been synthesized and the structure was investigated by X-ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic crystal class in the space group P[`1]P\overline{1} with cell parameters a = 9.345(2) ?, b = 10.940(3) ?, c = 11.986(4) ?, α = 72.349(6)°, β = 68.106(18)°, γ = 66.867(5)°, Z = 2 and V = 1027.8(5) ?³. The hydantoin ring adopts a planar conformation and is affected by the π conjugation. The pyrrolidine and piperidine rings in the bicyclo octane moiety adopt envelope and chair conformations respectively. The structure exhibits both inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of the type N–H···O, C–H···O and C–H···N. One of the oxygen atoms attached to the hydantoin ring simultaneously accepts two hydrogen bonds to form a three centered hydrogen bonding pattern.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Thermal Properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Acetyl-3-(2-furyl)-5-ferrocenyl-2-pyrazoline and <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Acetyl-3-(2-thienyl)-5-ferrocenyl-2-pyrazoline

Abstract  

Two novel ferrocenyl substituted N-acetyl-2-pyrazolines, N-acetyl-3-(2-furyl)-5-ferrocenyl-2-pyrazoline (3) and N-acetyl-3-(2-thienyl)-5-ferrocenyl-2-pyrazoline (4), have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR techniques, elemental analysis and X-ray structure analysis. Thermal properties of these compounds have been determined by TGA, DTA and DSC analysis. Compound 3 (C₁₉H₁₈N₂O₂Fe) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c and Z = 4, with a = 8.6970(4) ?, b = 18.4725(9) ?, c = 11.0041(5) ?, β = 110.942(3)°. Compound 4 (C₁₉H₁₈N₂OSFe) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fdd2 and Z = 16, with a = 84.242(2) ?, b = 13.5416(5) ?, c = 5.9405(2) ?, β = 90°. In terms of crystal packing, each compound shows different molecular arrangement, which are stabilized by C–H···O intermolecular weak hydrogen bonds, and/or C–H···π interactions.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and ab Initio Studies of 5-Phenylamino-3-phenylimino-3H[1, 2]dithiole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

Abstract  

5-Phenylamino-3-phenylimino-3H[1, 2]dithiole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, C₁₈H₁₆N₂O₂S₂, (I), has been synthesized and the structure has been solved by X–ray diffraction. The crystals are triclinic, space group P[`1] P\bar{1} , with a = 5.7127(2) ?, b = 12.1757(5) ?, c = 14.0734(5) ?, α = 112.1217(16)°, β = 97.786(2)°, γ = 100.694(2)°, Mr = 356.45, V = 868.11(6) ?³, Z = 2 and R = 0.0373. In the title compound there is an intramolecular N–H···O hydrogen bond. The crystal structure is stabilized only by weak C–H···π and π···π interactions as well as by van der Waals forces. The geometry of the isolated molecule was optimized by ab initio quantum mechanical calculations, employing both molecular orbital Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. In the DFT calculation the minimum energy was achieved for a conformation very similar to that of the solid-state molecule.     

Two Crystal Forms of 4-{(2<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)-2-[1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethylidene] hydrazinyl}-8-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline

Abstract  

The Schiff base, 4-{(2E)-2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene] hydrazinyl}-8-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline, crystallizes in two polymorphic forms depending on the solvent. One of these forms is monoclinic (1M), space group P2₁/c with a = 10.2906(10) ?, b = 8.9211(7) ?, c = 18.4838(15), β = 97.271(8)°, and the other is orthorhombic (1O), space group Pbca, unit-cell parameters: a = 13.6485(12) ?, b = 9.0588(9) ?, c = 27.400(2) ?. The molecules in either crystalline form have similar bond lengths and angles, but one is nearly planar while the other has a significant twist. In monoclinic form the dihedral angle between terminal ring planes is 17.26(8)° while in the orthorhombic one it is 26.11(5)°, and in this latter case the central chain is almost coplanar with the quinoline ring system while in the former these two planes are significantly twisted. The crystal structures of both forms are determined by the interplay of van der Waals forces and weak directional interactions C–H···F, π···π stacking, and—in the case of 1M—short intermolecular C–F···N contact. The crystals of 1M decomposes slowly into the powder while the other form is stable. The powder diffraction pattern of the product of decomposition of 1M is similar to that calculated for 1O. This suggests that the decomposition is a consequence of the phase transition of the less stable monoclinic into more stable orthorhombic form.     

Crystal Structures of 1,3,5-Tris(bromomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene and 2,4,6-Trimethyl-1,3,5-tris(4-oxymethyl-1-formylphenyl)benzene

Abstract  

The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-tris(4-oxymethyl-1-formylphenyl)benzene (2) and the crystal structure of its core molecule, 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (1) are reported. The compounds 1 and 2 crystallize in the triclinic system with space group P ī. The lattice parameters of 1 and 2 are a = 9.454(2) ?, b = 9.478(4) ?, c = 9.573(2) ?, α = 116.53(2)°, β = 109.705(14)°, γ = 101.293(18)°, V = 658.5(4) and a = 15.7707(6) ?, b = 16.3646(5) ?, c = 18.2805(6) ?, α = 83.202(2)°, β = 66.0120(10)°, γ = 73.704(2)°, V = 4137.2(2), respectively. In the crystals of 1 and 2, there are one and three molecules in the asymmetric unit, respectively. The packing of the molecules in the solid is stabilized through van der Waals interactions in 1 and weak C–H···O and C–H···π interactions in 2.     

Synthesis, Crystal and Molecular Structure of 1-(2-Chlorobenzyl)-2-methylthio-1H-benzimidazole

Abstract  

1-(2-Chlorobenzyl)-2-methylthio-1H-benzimidazole compound has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 17.201 ?, b = 5.873 ?, c = 24.791 ?, α = 67.410(10)°, β = 74.083(11)°, γ = 81.858(12)°. In the crystal packing, no classic hydrogen bonds are founded, but C–H···π interactions are being between the molecules. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of (C₁₅H₁₃ClN₂S) in the ground state have been calculated by using Hartree–Fock (HF) and Density Functional Method (DFT/B3LYP) with 6-31G(d) basis set. The optimized geometric bond lengths and bond angles obtained by using HF and DFT (B3LYP) show the best agreement with the experimental data.     

Structural Characterization of New Compound from the Ring-Opening Reaction of 3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1,5-Benzothiazepine with Phenylonitrile Oxide

Abstract  

The crystal structure of the product (Z)-2-((Z)-((Z)-1,3-diphenyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)allylidene)amino)phenyl N-hydroxybenzimidothioate (4) was obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound, C₃₀H₂₃N₅OS (4), crystallizes in the triclinic space group, P-1, with unit cell parameters a = 8.3306(17) ?, b = 11.394(2) ?, c = 14.560(3) ?, α = 78.75(3)o, β = 89.96(3)o, γ = 70.56(3)o, Z = 2. In the crystal structure, adjacent molecules are linked by O–H···N hydrogen bonds. H-bonds and π–π stacking are the main non-bonding interactions in the molecular structure and give support to molecular packing stability. In addition, the structure is supported by a weak intermolecular C–H···Cg π-ring interaction. Detail of the synthesis, structures, and spectroscopic properties of the title compound is discussed.     

Synthesis and Structure of Bis(3-dimethylammonium-1-propyne)pentachlorobismuthate(III) (C<Subscript>5</Subscript>H<Subscript>10</Subscript>N)<Subscript>2</Subscript>BiCl<Subscript>5</Subscript>

Abstract  

The synthesis and crystal structure are given for the bis(3-dimethylammonium-1-propyne)pentachlorobismuthate(III) salt. An X-ray investigation has shown that the title compound crystallizes at 298 K in a centrosymmetric monoclinic system, space group C2/c with the following lattice parameters a = 12.6215(4) ?, b = 18.9228(5) ?, c = 8.3134(2) ?, β = 104.100(2)°, V = 1925.70(9) ?³. The structure was solved from 7,716 independent reflections with R ₁ = 0.0457 and wR ₂ = 0.0906, and refined with 85 parameters. The structure consists of disordered 3-dimethylammonium-1-propyne, C₅H₉NH⁺ cations and polynuclear anions in which slightly distorted (BiCl₅)²⁻ anions, sharing an apex are interconnected in chains. These chains are themselves interconnected by means of N–H···Cl originating from the C₅H₉NH⁺ entities, forming a three-dimensional network.