A novel chemical route to SiO_2 nanowires

A white substance was got by directly heating TiSi powder on Ti foil, under Ar+O2 atmosphere. ED, EDX, SEM and HRTEM studies reveal that the white substance consists of amorphous SiO2nanowires of smooth surface and uniform diameter (40-90 nm). X-ray-induced luminescent emission experiment shows that two broad peaks are at 430 and 570 nm. A one-dimensional growth mechanism, on the basis of the one-dimensional thermal flow during nanowire formation, is discussed.     

稀土掺杂SiO2与SiO2@Au纳米球

By using EDTA-lanthanide (Eu³⁺， Tb³⁺) coordination compound as precursor， multicolor luminescent SiO₂ nanoshperes were prepared. Also， without any pre-treatment to the surface of SiO₂ nanosphere， a facile strategy was developed for the synthesis of SiO₂@Au core-shell nanospheres.     

大尺寸TiO2/SiO2大孔材料的制备及光降解性能

先以三维骨架聚合物为整体型模板,利用硅酸酯原位溶胶-凝胶过程并结合高温烧结的方法制备出大尺寸大孔径的SiO2载体,然后通过钛酸丁酯溶液浸渍、原位水解、煅烧制备出大尺寸的TiO2/SiO2大孔材料并用SEM、TEM、FTIR、XRD和XPS对其表征,结果表明SiO2载体具有三维连续的超薄层,TiO2以纳米薄层方式均匀地沉积在SiO2的三维超薄层上,形成TiO2/SiO2/TiO2三层夹心结构,层与层界面存在Si-O-Ti键,同时复合结构提高了TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变温度.以甲基橙为目标降解物考察不同条件下制备的复合材料的光催化活性,采用复合材料吸入甲基橙溶液的方式,并借助甲醇萃取手段研究光降解动力学过程.结果表明,该复合材料具有较好的光降解催化活性,当焙烧温度为600℃和TiO2的负载量为54.5wt%时,其活性最大且降解速率常数达到1.78 h-1.     

Characterization of Cu-ZnO-Cr2O3/SiO2 catalysts and application to dehydrogenation of 2-butanol to 2-butanone

The Cu-ZnO-Cr₂O₃/SiO₂ catalysts were prepared by impregnation method, which exhibited high activity for the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol to 2-butanone. These catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, EPR and BET. The experimental results indicated that (i) the valence states of copper play a key role, (ii) groups of copper atoms were the main active sites in this reaction, and (iii) copper oxide would lead to the condensation product of 5-methyl-3-heptanone.     

SiO2负载氮掺杂TiO2可见光响应光催化剂的制备及性能

以四氯化钛为钛源,尿素为氮源,采用液相水解-沉淀法制得SiO2负载N掺杂TiO2可见光响应TiO2-xNy/SiO2光催化剂(TSN)。以苯酚为模型物,考察了TSN在可见光区、紫外光区及太阳光下的光催化活性,以及催化剂的使用寿命、分离性能。采用XPS、FTIR、UV-Vis DRS、XRD、TEM和低温氮物理吸附等对催化剂的结构进行表征。结果表明,N以阴离子形式进入TiO2体相并置换晶格中的O,适量N掺杂的TSN在紫外光区、可见光区及太阳光下均表现出较高的活性。SiO2与TiO2界面间有Ti-O-Si键形成,结合牢固。N掺杂在TiO2表面生成Ti-O-N键,形成新的能级结构,使催化剂的吸收红移至450~500 nm,诱发TiO2可见光催化活性。SiO2负载可减小TiO2颗粒平均尺寸,增加催化剂比表面积;同时SiO2负载还可改善催化剂的分离性能,提高催化剂使用寿命。     

Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2催化剂表面活性中心结构的DFT研究

Mn Na2WO4/SiO2 is one of the best catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane.To investigate the nature of active centers and the reaction mechanism,the structure of possible metal sites formed by tungsten and manganese over the silica surface were studied using molecular simulation method and ab initio DFT calculations.Silica support exists in the catalyst as 岐瞔ristobalite and its (111) face exposes preferentially to the surface.The calculated results show that tungsten interacts with the silica surface by three or one bridge oxygen atoms to form tetrahedral [WO4],and manganese interacts with single bridge oxygen to form dispersed [MnO4] or exists as oxide clusters.The nature of the molecular orbitals and the electronic structure suggest that the tetrahedral [WO4] site with single bridge oxygen is the most probable active center responsible for methane activation.     

共沉淀法和模板法制备均匀负载CeO2/ SiO2的研究

CeO2是三效催化剂(简称TWC)中被广泛应用的涂层材料[1],其优良的储放氧能力(OSC)可以扩大TWC的工作窗口,并可以在与γ-Al2O3的相互作用中提高Al2O3的高温稳定性[2]。在高温下,CeO2会因晶粒迅速长大而失去储放氧能力。为了提高CeO2的高温抗烧结能力,以及进一步提高其氧化还原能力,大部分研究者选择了在CeO2晶格中掺入其他离子的方法,如:Zr4 、Pr3 、La3 等[3￣5],这些离子在CeO2晶格中引入了晶格缺陷,不但稳定了结构,而且提高了氧传输能力。SiO2具有很高的化学稳定性、高比表面及高热稳定性,是载体的理想选择。研究表明,CeO2负载…     

Hydrogenation of Benzonitrile on Sn-Pt/SiO2 Catalysts Prepared by Introducing SnEt4 to Pt/SiO2: Role of Tin

Liquid phase hydrogenation of benzonitrile was studied over Sn-Pt/SiO₂ catalysts prepared by introducing tetraethyl tin onto the 3 wt.% Pt/SiO₂ catalyst. Tin content of the catalysts ranged from 0.05 to 0.63 wt.%, whereas Sn/Pt surface atomic ratios determined by chemisorption measurements were between 0.1 to 3.5. Dibenzylamine selectivity influenced to a small extent by the level of conversion and the Sn/Pt ratio wasca. 75 %. The addition of tin to Pt in the range of (Sn/Pt)_surface = 0.50–1.25 led to an increase in the turnover frequency (TOF) by a factor of 2. TOF showed a maximum at a surface atomic ratio of Sn/Pt = 1. The enhancement of catalyst activity upon the addition of tin is explained by the formation of Sn⁺-Pt ensemble sites on the surface of bimetallic nanoclusters. It is suggested that highly dispersed positively charged tin species, by polarizing the triple bond, enhance the reactivity of the -CN group. Calcination at 300°C followed by re-reduction of the catalysts resulted in a monotonic decrease of specific activity with increasing Sn/Pt ratio.     

The release of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles from nanocomposites

There is a growing interest in the development of nanocomposites consisting of organic polymers and TiO₂ or amorphous SiO₂ nanoparticles. These nanoparticles may be released from nanocomposites. There is evidence that amorphous SiO₂ and TiO₂ nanoparticles can be hazardous. Thus, in the design of nanocomposites with such nanoparticles, hazard reduction extending to the full nanocomposite life cycle would seem a matter to consider. Options for hazard reduction include: changes of nanoparticle surface, structure or composition, better fixation of nanoparticles in nanocomposites, including persistent suppression of oxidative damage to polymers by nanoparticles, and design changes leading to the release of relatively large particles.     

静电自组装制备纳米TiO2/SiO2光催化材料

采用静电自组装方法制备了纳米TiO2/SiO2光催化材料。采用巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂对SiO2进行干法改性,采用双氧水/冰醋酸将偶联剂巯基基团氧化为磺酸基基团。在正负电荷的吸引下,带负电荷的SiO2与带正电荷的钛聚合阳离子自发地组装在一起,经一定温度热处理得到纳米TiO2/SiO2光催化材料。采用XRD、FTIR、PL、UV-Vis DRS、SEM和ICP等对材料进行了分析和表征。采用甲基橙溶液评价材料的光催化性能。结果表明:SiO2促使锐钛矿的形成,抑制锐钛矿向金红石的转变,减小TiO2的晶粒尺寸,使得TiO2光吸收波长发生蓝移。TiO2与SiO2通过Si-O-Ti键发生结合。采用静电自组装方法制备的材料中TiO2的含量高于传统方法,导致材料的光催化性能有所提高。     

SiO2-CeO2复合氧化物的制备及抛光性能

采用正硅酸乙酯溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米SiO₂，并与氯化铈溶液混合，用氨水沉淀法制备了SiO₂-CeO₂复合氧化物。利用XRD、SEM等手段对其物相类型、外观形貌、颗粒大小、表面电位等物理性能进行了表征，测定了它们对3种光学玻璃的抛光速率。结果表明：合成复合氧化物具有立方萤石型结构，由Sherrer方程计算的晶粒D_XRD(200)小于100 nm甚至10 nm。随着SiO₂复配量的增加和煅烧温度的降低，晶粒度减小，比表面增大；激光粒度分析仪测定的中位粒径D₅₀在2～3 μm之间，且随SiO₂复配量的增加呈增大趋势，但随煅烧温度的变化在800 ℃时出现极小值，而此时的ζ电位的负值最大，对3种玻璃的抛光速率也最大。证明抛光速率与表面电位及相应的悬浮性、颗粒大小有直接关系。随着SiO₂复配量的增加，复合氧化物的ζ电位负值及对3种玻璃的抛光速率均增大。因此，在CeO₂中复配SiO₂是提高抛光速率的有效方法，此时，最佳的煅烧温度为800 ℃。     

TiO2/SiO2纳米薄膜的光催化活性和亲水性

通过sol gel工艺在钠钙玻璃表面制备了均匀透明的TiO2/SiO2复合纳米薄膜.实验结 果表明: 当SiO2添加量较高时, TiO2/SiO2复合纳米薄膜的光催化活性明显降低;当SiO2添加 量较低时,TiO2/SiO2复合薄膜的光催化活性无明显变化.在TiO2薄膜中添加SiO2,可以抑制薄 膜中TiO2晶粒的长大,同时薄膜表面的羟基含量增加, 水在复合薄膜表面的润湿角下降, 亲 水能力增强.当SiO2含量为10％－20％（摩尔分数）时获得了润湿角为0°的超亲水性薄膜.     

吸附法制备CuO-Ag/SiO2纳米复合物

利用吸附法原位制备CuO/SiO2、CuO-Ag/SiO2纳米复合物,研究了不同吸附质体系中预负载的纳米Ag粒子对CuO的影响。结果表明:Ag粒子对CuO的影响因吸附质的不同而不同。以Cu(Ac)2为吸附质,纳米Ag几乎没有影响;以NaOH为吸附质,纳米Ag使得CuO的晶粒粒径增大。这一结果与铜物种对Ag晶粒粒径的影响规律完全不同。通过比较不同吸附质的吸附行为,Cu(OH)2与硅胶表面的相互作用被认为是导致这一现象的原因。     

Synthesis of nanosized TiO2/SiO2 catalysts by the ultrasonic microemulsion method and their photocatalytic activity

Nanosized TiO₂/SiO₂ catalysts prepared by hydrolysis of titanium n-butoxide in microemulsion showed enhanced photocatalytic activity. In the presence of catalyst ME-2 and after 90 min irradiation by UV light, methylene blue was completely converted evidenced by the absence of its absorption band in the UV-Vis spectra. This catalyst demonstrated much better degradation ability than P-25 and naked TiO₂.     

Densely packed single-crystal Bi2Fe4O9 nanowires fabricated from a template-induced sol-gel route

Densely packed single-crystal Bi₂Fe₄O₉ nanowires were successfully synthesized by a template-induced citrate-based sol-gel process. The structural properties of the nanowires were characterized using many techniques. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Bi₂Fe₄O₉ nanowires possessed a uniform length and diameter, which were controlled by the thickness and the pore diameter of the applied porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) indicated that Bi₂Fe₄O₉ nanowires had an orthorhombic single-crystal structure. Furthermore, the energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy demonstrated that the stoichiometric Bi₂Fe₄O₉ was formed. The possible formation mechanism of nanowires was also discussed.     

SiO2 /Au核壳结构纳米粒子的制备及表征

通过以金纳米粒子为表面晶种和壳生长的方法制备了金纳米壳包覆二氧化硅的复合纳米粒子。采用TEM 和UV-Vis对复合粒子进行了表征和研究，结果表明所得到的复合粒子粒径均匀、金纳米壳光滑完整，且壳厚度可通过反应物的用量来控制。当核半径与壳厚度之比在4到13之间变化时,复合粒子的光学共振峰在可见光区到近红外光区范围内可发生大于500 nm波长的移动。     

Preparation and characterization of SiO2/TiO2 composite microspheres with microporous SiO2 core/mesoporous TiO2 shell

SiO₂/TiO₂ composite microspheres with microporous SiO₂ core/mesoporous TiO₂ shell structures were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium tetrabutylorthotitanate (TTBT) in the presence of microporous silica microspheres using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as a surface esterification agent and porous template, and then dried and calcined at different temperatures. The as-prepared products were characterized with differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric (DTA/TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption. The results showed that composite particles were about 1.8 μm in diameter, and had a spherical morphology and a narrow size distribution. Uniform mesoporous titania coatings on the surfaces of microporous silica microspheres could be obtained by adjusting the HPC concentration to an optimal concentration of about 3.2 mmol L⁻¹. The anatase and rutile phase in the SiO₂/TiO₂ composite microspheres began to form at 700 and 900 °C, respectively. At 700 °C, the specific surface area and pore volume of the SiO₂/TiO₂ composite microspheres were 552 and 0.652 mL g⁻¹, respectively. However, at 900 °C, the specific surface area and pore volume significantly decreased due to the phase transformation from anatase to rutile.     

Synthesis and characterization of Fe2O3/SiO2 nanocomposites

Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ nanocomposites based on fumed silica A-300 (S_BET = 337 m²/g) with iron oxide deposits at different content were synthesized using Fe(III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)₃) dissolved in isopropyl alcohol or carbon tetrachloride for impregnation of the nanosilica powder at different amounts of Fe(acac)₃ then oxidized in air at 400–900 °C. Samples with Fe(acac)₃ adsorbed onto nanosilica and samples with Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ including 6–17 wt% of Fe₂O₃ were investigated using XRD, XPS, TG/DTA, TPD MS, FTIR, AFM, nitrogen adsorption, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry methods. The structural characteristics and phase composition of Fe₂O₃ deposits depend on reaction conditions, solvent type, content of grafted iron oxide, and post-reaction treatments. The iron oxide deposits on A-300 (impregnated by the Fe(acac)₃ solution in isopropanol) treated at 500–600 °C include several phases characterized by different nanoparticle size distributions; however, in the case of impregnation of A-300 by the Fe(acac)₃ solution in carbon tetrachloride only α-Fe₂O₃ phase is formed in addition to amorphous Fe₂O₃. The Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ materials remain loose (similar to the A-300 matrix) at the bulk density of 0.12–0.15 g/cm³ and S_BET = 265–310 m²/g.     

CrOx/SiO2催化剂上丙烷在CO2气氛中脱氢反应的研究

采用XRD、UV-vis DRS、ESR和微分吸附量热等技术,考察了铬担载量分别为2.5、5和10wt%的CrO_x/SiO₂催化剂的结构、表面性质和氧化还原性能。结果表明,催化剂表面上存在多种Cr的氧化态和聚集形式。随着Cr担载量从2.5wt%到10wt%的逐渐增大,催化剂表面占主导地位的Cr物种由CrO₃单体转为多聚CrO₃和Cr₂O₃晶相。在CO₂气氛中催化剂对丙烷转化率和丙烯选择性的大小顺序为2.5wt%CrO_x/SiO₂>5wt%CrO_x/SiO₂>10wt%CrO_x/SiO₂,反应过程中的原位ESR和UV-visDRS测定结果表明,催化剂表面的反应活性中心为Cr⁵⁺,Cr⁵⁺可由催化剂预处理过程中Cr³⁺的氧化及丙烷反应过程中CrO₃单体的还原产生,在反应中CO₂可使Cr³⁺重新氧化为Cr⁵⁺.     

SiO2气凝胶的制备及微孔分布

本文以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料，水和乙醇为溶剂，盐酸和氨水为催化剂，采用溶胶-凝胶，水热合成和低温冷冻干燥等工艺，制备了SiO₂气凝胶，研究了pH值、TEOS浓度及焙烧温度对气凝胶的比表面积、孔径分布的影响。结果表明：在碱性条件下，制得的气凝胶比表面积较大，孔径较窄。气凝胶在较高温度下，比表面积有所下降，孔径略微变粗。