Theoretical Investigation of the Exotic Structure of the Mirror Nuclei ^17Ne and ^17N

The exotic structures of the ground state of the mirror nuclei ^17Ne and ^17N are investigated by means of the asymptotic normalization coefficient （ANC） method to explore the role of the Coulomb interaction, The probebilities of a valence nucleon outside the binding-potential are P = 56.69±2.98/7.46% for ^17Ne and P = 45.51±2.32/5.81% for ^17N. The rms radii are （r^2）^1/2 = 5.06±0.11/0.30 fm and （r^2）^1/2=4.24±0.06/0.16 fm, respectively. The results obtained are nearly independent of the potential parameters. According to the halo occurrence conditions, it is suggested that ^17Ne is a two-proton halo and ^17N is a two-neutron skin. Moreover, two effects of the Coulomb interact-ion on the exotic structure are analysed. From the present results, the exotic structure of the nucleus in the proton-rich side is more obvious than that of its mirror nucleus because of the Coulomb interaction.     

Dirac Optical Potential of p-^14Be and Pronounced “Long-Tail” Shape

The Dirac optical potential for p-^14 Be elastic scattering is evaluated by the relativistic impulse approximation. Each of the real part and the imaginary part of the potential shows a pronounced “long tail” for the proton elastic scattering from halo nucleus ^14Be compared with the potentials for proton scattering from its adjacent nuclei ^12C and ^16O, which do not have halo structures.This kind of “long tail” phenomenon suggests another signature for halo nuclei.     

Measurement of the total reaction cross section for the mirror nuclei ^12N and ^12B

The mirror nuclei ^12N and ^12B are separated by the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou （RIBLL） at HIRFL from the breakup of 78.6 MeV/u 14N on a Be target. The total reaction cross-sections of ^12N at 34.9 MeV/u and ^12B at 54.4 MeV/u on a Si target have been measured by using the transmission method. Assuming ^12N consists of a ^11C core plus one halo proton, the excitation function of ^12N and ^12B on a Si target and a C target were calculated with the Glanber model. It can fit the experimental data very well. The characteristic halo structure for ^12N was found with a large diffusion of the protons density distribution.     

Structures of ^17F and ^17O, ^17Ne and ^17N in the Ground State and the First Excited State

The structures of two couples of mirror nuclei ^17F and ^17O, ^17Ne and ^17N in the ground state and in the first excited state are investigated using the relativistic mean-field approach. Two-proton halo in ^17Ne in the first excited state and in the ground state and two-neutron halo in ^17N in the first excited state are suggested.Meanwhile, one-proton halo in ^17F in the first excited state and one-neutron halo in ^17O in the first excited state are also suggested. The skin structure appears in ^17F and ^17N in the ground state.     

Properties of A = 7-9 Drip-Line Nuclei in RMF Theory

The relativistic mean-field （RMF） theory is used to calculate the properties of A =7-9 drip-line nuclei ^7Li, ^7;9Be, ^8;9B, and ^9C. Systematic deviations between experimental and theoretical binding energies are found. Possible reasons of these systematic deviations are discussed in terms of pairing energy. The root-mean-square （rms） radii of matter distributions for these nuclei agree with the experimental data quite well. The one-proton halo structure in ^8B is reproduced well, and the two-proton halo in ^9C is predicted. The calculations show that the RMF theory is valid in studying the properties of light drip-line nuclei.     

Dirac Optical Potential of p-14Be and Pronounced “Long-Tail“ Shape

The Dirac optical potential for p-14Be elastic scattering is evaluated by the relativistic impulse approximation. Each of the real part and the imaginary part of the potential shows a pronounced “long tail“ for the proton elastic scattering from halo nucleus 14Be compared with the potentials for proton scattering from its adjacent nuclei 12C and 16O, which do not have halo structures. This kind of “long tail“ phenomenon suggests another signature for halo nuclei.     

Experimental Study on the Exotic Structure of ^12N in RIBLL

We measured the total reaction cross sections of 12N in Si at 36.2 MeV/u using Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou （RIBLL） with a new method. The reaction target was installed at the intermediate focusing point T1 at RIBLL. This scheme allows us to identify particles before and after the reaction target unambiguously. The total reaction cross section （1760±78 mb） of ^12N in Si is obtained. Assuming that ^12N consists of a core ^11C plus one halo proton, the excitation function of 12N on the Si and C targets is calculated with the Glauber model and the Fermi-Fermi density distributions. It can fit the experimental data very well. A large diffusion of the protons density distribution supports the halo structure for ^12N.     

Possible Experimental Evidence of a Moderate Proton Halo in ^29S

The total reaction cross sections (TRCSs) of^29S ^28Si have been measured at intermediate energies. An obvious enhancement in TRCS of ^29S is observed as compared with its neighbouring nuclei. The TRCSs of ^29S ^28Si arecal culated with the modified Glauber theory in the optical limit and few-body approaches. The different factor d as a possible measure of halo appearance is deduced from the experimental and theoretical data. It is well accepted that ^27p is a proton halo nucleus. Although not as anomalous as ^27p, the different factor d of ^29S is obviously larger than that of its neighbouring isotones of N = 13. This result indicates that a moderate proton halo may exist in ~9S nucleus. We calculate the total reaction cross sections for ~9S with the modified Glaubertheory as a function of incident energy and compare the results with those for 2rSi which is a core nucleus 0f29S.The measured TRCSs of 27Si4-2SSi can be described to be satisfactory by the modified Glauber theory of theoptical limit approach. Although a diffused nuclear density distribution is used, the theories still inadequatelypredict the experimental TRCSs of 29S4-2SSi, which further indicates the possibility of proton halo in 29S.     

Calculation of the fine structure of the level in Rydberg state of lithium

The level shift and level formula of lithium atom in Rydberg states are achieved by means of the calculation of polarization of the atomic core （including the contribution of dipole moment, quadrupole moment and octupole moment） ; meanwhile, the effect of relativity theory, the orbital angular momentum L and the spin angular momentum S coupling （IS coupling）, and high order correction of the effective potential are considered. Thesome fine structures （N = 5- 12, L = 4-9, J = L ± 1/2） and the corresponding level intervals in Rydberg statescan be calculated by the above-mentioned level formula and compared with correlated experimental data.     

镜像核13N-13C 和15N-15O中的激发态晕或皮(英文)

用非线性相对论平均场对两对镜像核13N-13C 和15N-15O进行了研究. 发现无论在基态还是激发态， 用两套参数所得的结合能都跟实验值很接近. 计算结果显示13N的第一激发态（2s1/2）和第三激发态（1d5/2）各存在一个非束缚的质子晕， 而13C的第三激发态（1d5/2）存在一个弱束缚的中子皮. 另外研究表明, 在另一对镜像核15N-15O的第二激发态（2s1/2）和第一激发态（2s1/2）分别存在一个中子晕和质子皮. Properties of two pairs of mirror nuclei 13N-13C and15N-15O are investigated by using the nonlinear relativistic mean field theory. It is found that all the calculated binding energies with two different parameter sets are very close to the experimental ones for both the ground states and the excited states. The calculations show that the first excited state (2s1/2) and the third excited state (1d5/2) in 13N are both unbound resonances with proton halo structure, whereas the third excited state (1d5/2) in 13C is weakly bound with a neutron skin. It is also predicted that there has a proton halo in the second excited state (2s1/2) of 15N as well as a neutron skin in the first excited state (2s1/2) of 15O.     

Exotic Behaviour of Angular Dispersion of Weakly Bound Nucleus ^17F at Small Angles

The differential cross sections of ^17F and ^17O elastic scattering products on ^208Pb have been measured at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line at Lanzhou （RIBLL）. Two angular dispersion plots of In（ dσ/ dθ ） versus 02 are obtained from the angular distribution of the elastic scattering differential cross sections. The angular dispersion plot exhibits a clear turning point for ^17F in the range of small scattering angles 6°-2° due to its exotic structure, but for ^17O, the turning point is not observed in the same angular range. The experimental results have been compared with previous data of other groups. Systematical analysis on the available data supports the above conclusion that there is an exotic behaviour of the angular dispersion plot of weakly bound nuclei with halo or skin structure as compared with that of the ordinary nuclei near stable line. Therefore the turning point of the angular dispersion plot appears at small angle for weakly bound nuclei with halo or skin structure, and can be used as a new probe to investigate the halo and skin phenomena of weakly bound nuclei.     

Theoretical Analysis of Neutron Double-Differential Cross Sections of n ＋^9Be Reactions

By using the nuclear reaction model for light nuclei, the calculations of the double-differential cross sections of outgoing neutrons from n ＋^9Be reactions are performed. The total outgoing neutrons are only come from the （n, 2n）2a reaction channel. The （n, 2n）2a reaction channel is achieved through six different reaction approach, which are illustrated in this paper. The calculated results agree very well with the measured data at En = 7.1, 8.09, 8.17, 9.09, 9.97 and 10.26 MeV, because the updated level schemes related to the n ＋ ^9Be reactions have been employed in this calculations.     

Triaxial interaction effect in the structure of ^148-158Sm

The structures of ^148-158Sm are studied in the frame of the interacting boson model. Attention is given to the triaxial interaction, and it is found that the triaxial interaction plays an important role in the detailed structure of this isotopic chain. The potential surfaces of these nuclei are also studied and the shapes of them are analysed. And it is found that though the triaxial interaction plays an important role in these nuclei, there are no stable triaxial shapes in the low-lying structures of these nuclei.     

Ab initio calculations of mirror energy difference in sd-shell nuclei

Mirror energy difference is a key observable in isospin symmetry breaking, containing rich information about nuclear structure. Understanding the mechanisms underlying mirror energy difference is important in nuclear physics. In the present work, we extensively investigated mirror energy difference using ab initio valence-space inmedium similarity renormalization group approach, focusing specifically on sd-shell nuclei. The low-lying spectra of Al isotopes and N = 8 isotones, together with their...     

Proposed Chiral Doublet Bands in ^98Tc

High spin states in odd-odd ^98 Tc nuclei are studied by in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy with the ^96 Zr（^6Li, 412） fusionevaporation reaction at a beam energy of 35MeV. The previous level scheme is updated. A band based on 1090.7keV is expanded, and another band based on 1920.6 keV is newly identified. The observed two negative parity bands in ^98 Tc are proposed to be a pair of chiral doublet bands with the configuration πg9/2 vh11/2. The evidence supporting the assignment of the chiral doublet bands is discussed. Signature splitting and signature inversion are observed in the πg9/2 vh11/2 band in ^98Tc.     

Ab Initio MCSM Calculation for Reduced Matrix Elements of E2 Operator for A=10 Nuclei

The reduced matrix elements of E2 operator for ^10Be low-lying states are evaluated with the no-core Monte Carlo shell model, which has been used to investigate the structure of light nuclei in an ab initio sense recently. The MCSM calculation converges within 20 MCSM dimensions. These MCSM results show good agreement with new experimental data and other ab initio calculations. The reduced matrix elements are investigated in terms of single-particle orbits contribution. It is found that the transition among p-shell orbits is dominant. The triaxial deformation of ^10Be, as well as its mirror nucleus ^10C, is also discussed. Meanwhile, the importance of p-shell orbits to the triaxiality is addressed.     

Relativistic Mean Field Study on Halo Structures of Mirror Nuclei

Halo structures of some light mirror nuclei are investigated with the relativistic mean field （RMF） theory. The calculations show that the dispersion of the valence proton is larger than that of the valence neutron in its mirror nucleus, the difference between the root-mean-square （rms） radius of the valence nucleon in each pair of mirror nuclei becomes smaller with the increase of the mass number A, and all the ratios of the rms radius of the valence nucleon to that of the matter in each pair of mirror nuclei decrease almost linearly with the increase of the mass number A.     

Tensor Force Effect on Shape Coexistence of N = 28 Neutron-Rich Isotones

The tensor force effect on potential energy surfaces of the N = 28 neutron-rich isotones is investigated by using the deformed Skyrme Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach with the T22 interaction. It is found that, without the tensor force, ^40Mg and ^46At have prolate and spherical ground states, respectively. The ground states of ^42Si and ^44S are oblate. The shape coexistence in ^40Mg, ^42Si and ^44S is evident. However, the ground state deformations of these isotones are not changed and the shape coexistence in ^42Si and ^44S vanishes when the tensor force is switched on. Taking ^42Si as an example, the disappearance of the shape coexistence is understood by analyzing the tensor force effect on the shell correction energies.