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《工程热物理学报》2016,(9)
针对海上稠油开采出现的问题,国内发展了注多元热流体吞吐热力采油技术。与蒸汽热力采油相比,多元热流体可以显著降低稠油黏度、增加油层压力,提高开采效率。本文基于实际气体状态方程和混合法则建立注多元热流体内部流动与传热模型,并与注蒸汽井筒流动与传热状态进行对比,详细对比两种热采介质在井筒流动与传热情况。通过研究发现:在井筒注入相同温度与相同注入速率的多元热流体与饱和蒸汽,多元热流体井筒压力和温度下降速度更快,到达井底时压力更大,温度更低,与地层和油层的温差更小,井筒热损失更少,但是热量含量低,油层加热范围小。要想达到与蒸汽一样加热效果,可以增加多元热流体注入速率和注入温度。同时由于CO_2和N_2作用,油层温度分布更加均匀,热量更多,油层加热范围更大,注多元热流体开采效果更好。 相似文献
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利用流体运动方程、连续性方程和能量守恒方程,对自然闪电回击后的消散过程建立数学模型,计算了等离子体温度随时间和空间的变化规律.结果分析表明:在相同的通道半径处,前期温度随时间衰减较快,后期较慢,并且,初始温度越高,衰减越快;随着半径的增大,温度的衰减幅度逐渐减小.同一时刻,半径小的位置温度梯度较小,半径大的位置温度梯度较大.由衰减到NO冻结温度的时间和位置,初步推断氮氧化物(NOx)生成主要在闪电冲击波之后50 ms内、半径R=9 mm的等离子体通道内.
关键词:
闪电消散过程
等离子体
温度 相似文献
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基于质量守恒、能量守恒方程,耦合环路热管各关键节点处压力、温度及传热传质关系,通过计算冷凝器中汽液界面位置,将环路热管内压力损失分为蒸汽侧压损和液相侧压损,并构建了从局部到整体的稳态运行数学物理模型,重点分析了冷凝界面位置和蒸发器热泄漏对环路热管稳态运行的影响规律。发现,低热流密度下,冷凝界面越靠近蒸汽出口越有利于提高环路热管的传热性能,但随着热流密度增加,冷凝位置对环路热管稳态性能的影响程度越来越小;抑制热泄漏或增加流入补偿室内的冷量,均可增大毛细芯两侧温度梯度,降低运行温度,进而提高环路热管的传热性能。 相似文献
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直流电压等离子体点火器点火特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用自行设计的等离子体点火装置,对极间电流随进口氩气压力的变化规律以及不同进口氩气压力和工作电流条件下等离子体点火器出口射流特性进行了实验研究。利用四通道CCD光谱仪测量了点火器出口处的发射光谱特征,并计算了等离子体的电子温度。结果表明,极间电流随进口氩气压力的增大而逐渐减小,等离子体点火器的射流长度随进口氩气流量的增大先增大后减小,随工作电流的增大而增大,等离子体点火器的工作电流随进口氩气流量的增大而减小,随电源输出电流增大而增大,等离子体射流的电子温度随氩气流量的增大而降低,随工作电流的增大而升高。所得结果对等离子体点火系统在航空发动机的实际应用具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。 相似文献
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光纤传感用于油田热采的蒸汽干度测量 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
折射率调制的光纤传感器可用于测量稠油热采过程中的蒸汽干度测量。当油田的油井中注入高温高压蒸汽时,从井口到井底连续地查明汽液比对节省能源和提高产出率意义重大。由于干蒸汽和水的折射率不同,汽液的比例可以从汽液两相流的折射率响应特性反映出来。研制的测量装置直接对汽液两相流的比例变化产生响应,能够应用于高温高压及狭窄工作空间的输汽环境中。在井深850m,井口蒸汽温度287℃,压力7.49MPa的油田注汽井中进行了测试。测试结果对注汽法采油的井况分析具有一定的参考作用。油田注汽井的测量数据表明,这种干度测量仪可以实现在线、连续的测量工作。 相似文献
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本文利用定容燃烧弹研究了不同初始压力、初始温度、气体稀释度和燃空当量比下甲醇-空气-稀释气预混层流燃烧特性.结果表明:对于给定初始压力和温度,甲醇-空气预混合气的质量燃烧率、燃烧压力和温度的最大值均出现在当量比1.左右,而火焰发展期和燃烧期在此当量比下最短.火焰发展期、燃烧期和燃烧压力峰值随初始温度的增加而减小,最高燃烧温度随初始温度的增加而增加,燃烧压力峰值和最高燃烧温度随初始压力的增加而增加.火焰发展期和燃烧期随稀释度的增加而增加,而燃烧压力峰值和最高燃烧温度随稀释度的增加而降低. 相似文献
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给油田的油井中注入高温高压蒸气时,从井口到井底连续地查明汽液比对节省能源和提高产出率意义重大。由于干蒸气和水的折射率不同,汽液的比例可以从汽液两相流的折射率响应特性反映出来。研制的测量装置采用蓝宝石作为折射率敏感的探测头,直接对汽液两相流的比例变化产生响应,能够应用于高温高压及狭窄工作空间的输汽环境中。装置在锅炉输汽管道中的实测响应曲线反映了输汽过程中汽液比的真实变化。该装置还在井深800m,井口蒸气温度270℃、压力10Mpa的油田注汽井中进行测量,测得的结果对注汽法采油的井况分析具有一定的作用。 相似文献
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Abstract An experimental study is carried out to investigate the effect of entrance and exit conditions that prevail due to different flow arrangements on the thermal performance of a copper micro-channel heat sink. Three flow arrangements—U-type, S-type, and P-type—were considered for the analysis with a test piece having inlet and outlet plenum dimensions of 10 mm × 30 mm × 2.5 mm with an array of parallel micro-channels having an individual width of 330 μm and a uniform channel depth of 2.5 mm. Performance evaluations for different flow conditions at inlet and outlet plenums were made by maintaining constant heat supply at 125 W, 225 W, and 375 W with varying Reynolds number ranging from 224 to 1,121. Nusselt number and pressure drop were computed by measuring temperature difference and pressure drop across the inlet and outlet plenum for various test combinations. Maximum heat transfer was observed for the U-type flow arrangement, followed by the P-type and S-type; maximum pressure drop was noted for the S-type flow arrangement, followed by the U-type and P-type arrangements for a constant Reynolds number. A detailed analysis of the experimental results indicate that from a pressure drop point of view, the P-type flow arrangement is preferred, whereas from the heat transfer point of view, the U-type is found to be a better option. 相似文献
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本文基于热量流法,应用进口温差定义的换热器通用热阻,采用分段法考虑超临界CO2的物性变化,结合能量守恒方程,构建了超临界CO2-冷却水换热过程的整体热量流拓扑模型,结合超临界CO2物性库和经验关联式提出了换热器性能分析的流程图,实现了综合考虑物性-结构-运行参数的超临界CO2-冷却水换热器的性能分析,进一步结合[火积]耗散热阻的概念提出了评价物性变化时换热器换热性能的等效热阻。通过分析获得了换热量的沿程分布规律,发现当进口压力为11 MPa时,总的换热量最大,此时等效热阻最小。总之,热量流法对超临界CO2为工质的换热器设计和系统分析是可行和有效的。 相似文献
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《Heat Recovery Systems and CHP》1987,7(6):465-472
Use of pressurized, fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) has given a new opportunity to use municipal refuse as fuel for combined gas and steam power cycles keeping the pollutants of sulphur and nitrogen oxides to a minimum at reduced capital cost.In combined gas and steam power cycles, the heat energy in the exhaust gases of a simple gas turbine cycle is used to generate steam in a waste-heat boiler and the generated steam is used in the steam turbine for power generation.The effects of gas turbine pressure ratio and inlet temperature on the main parameters of refuse-fired, pressurized, fluidized-bed combustion combined cycles are determined.The results indicate a maximum combined cycle thermal efficiency and work output at a possible range of optimum pressure ratios between 10 and 12 for a range of gas turbine inlet temperatures of 750–1000°C. 相似文献
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A. G. Agwu Nnanna 《实验传热》2013,26(2):157-173
This article presents an experimental study of thermo-hydrodynamic phenomena in a microchannel heat exchanger system. The aim of this investigation is to develop correlations between flow/thermal characteristics in the manifolds and the heat transfer performance of the microchannel. A rectangular microchannel fabricated by a laser-machining technique with channel width and hydraulic diameter of 87 μm and 0.17 mm, respectively, and a trapezoidal-shaped manifold are used in this study. The heat sink is subjected to iso-flux heating condition with liquid convective cooling through the channels. The temporal and spatial evolutions of temperature as well as total pressure drop across the system are monitored using appropriate sensors. Data obtained from this study were used to establish relationships between parameters such as longitudinal wall conduction factor, residence and switching time, and thermal spreading resistance with Reynolds number. Result shows that there exist an optimum Reynolds number and conditions for the microchannel heat exchanger system to result in maximum heat transfer performance. The condition in which the inlet manifold temperature surpasses the exit fluid temperature results in lower junction temperature. It further shows that for a high Reynolds number, the longitudinal wall conduction parameter is greater than unity and that the fluid has sufficient dwelling time to absorb heat from the wall of the manifold, leading to high thermal performance. 相似文献