含Co或Ni的双金属及三金属纳米颗粒的制备方法及其催化制氢性能

常见的氢气储存方法有液态储氢、高压气态储氢、有机化合物储氢、金属氢化物储氢、吸附储氢及液相化学储氢材料储氢等,其中液相化学储氢材料由于具有含氢量高且可按需即时释放氢气的优点,引起了研究人员的广泛关注。选择合适的催化剂催化液相储氢材料制氢已成为一个研究热点。含有Co或Ni的双金属或三金属纳米颗粒是一种极具应用前景的催化剂,具有价格低廉、储量丰富和催化性能优异等众多优点。本文综述了含Co或Ni的双金属或三金属纳米颗粒的制备方法及其催化制氢性能,并提出了其目前研究中存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

Pt/Ni/Fe三金属纳米颗粒的制备及催化制氢活性

采用化学共还原方法制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)保护的Pt/Ni/Fe三金属纳米颗粒,对所合成的纳米颗粒进行了表征,研究了三金属纳米颗粒的化学组成对其催化NaBH4制氢的影响.研究结果表明,Pt/Ni/Fe三金属纳米颗粒的平均粒径在2 nm左右,Pt/Ni/Fe三金属纳米颗粒催化活性高于Pt,Ni或Fe单金属纳米颗粒和Pt/Ni,Pt/Fe或Ni/Fe双金属纳米颗粒的催化活性,其中Pt10Ni78.75Fe11.25三金属纳米颗粒的催化活性最高,30℃时,其催化活性可达63.920×103molH2/(molPt·h).Pt/Ni/Fe三金属纳米溶胶催化剂具有很好的催化稳定性,10次重复催化实验后,该催化剂依然可以保持较高的催化活性.该三金属纳米溶胶催化NaBH4水解反应的活化能为52 kJ/mol.     

石墨烯负载Pt/Co双金属纳米颗粒催化剂的制备及催化制氢性能

采用化学共还原方法制备了石墨烯负载Pt/Co双金属纳米颗粒（GBNPS）催化剂,并将其用于催化硼氢化钾（KBH₄）水解制氢.采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）仪和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）表征了该催化剂,并研究了双金属纳米颗粒的化学组成对其催化KBH₄水解制氢性能的影响.结果表明,制备的石墨烯负载Pt/Co双金属纳米颗粒平均粒径为3.2~3.9 nm,其中石墨烯负载Pt₂₀Co₈₀双金属纳米颗粒的催化活性最高,35℃时制氢活性可达35973 mol_H2·h^-1·mol^-1_Pt,且具有良好的耐久性,催化KBH₄水解反应的表观活化能为36 kJ/mol.     

Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒的制备及催化制氢性能

采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)保护的化学共还原法制备了Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒, 研究了PVP及还原剂(NaBH₄)的用量、金属盐浓度、金属比例等对Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒催化NaBH₄制氢性能的影响. 透射电子显微镜(TEM)的结果表明, 所制备的Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒的平均粒径在1.5-2.8 nm之间. Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒(BNPs)的催化活性远高于Pd与Co单金属纳米颗粒的活性; 当Pd/Co的理论原子比为1/9时, 双金属纳米颗粒的催化活性最高可达15570 mol·mol^-1·h^-1 (文中纳米颗粒的催化活性均为每摩尔Pd的活性). 密度泛函理论(DFT)的计算结果表明, Pd原子与Co原子之间发生电荷转移, 使得Pd原子带负电而Co原子带正电, 荷电的Pd和Co原子进而成为催化反应的活性中心. 所制备的Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒具有很好的催化耐久性, 即使重复使用5次后, 该催化剂仍具有较高的催化活性, 且使用后的纳米颗粒催化剂也没有出现团聚现象. 双金属纳米颗粒催化NaBH₄水解反应的活化能约为54 kJ·mol^-1.     

含金金属纳米颗粒用于液相化学氢化物催化制氢

液相化学氢化物以化学键的形式储存氢能,被认为是一类很有前景的化学储氢材料。液相化学氢化物的大规模应用很大程度上依赖于高效催化系统的开发。含金金属纳米颗粒在用于液相化学氢化物催化制氢中表现出优异的催化性能。本文综述了金纳米颗粒和含金异金属纳米颗粒用于液相氢化物催化制氢的最新研究进展。     

含金金属纳米颗粒用于液相化学氢化物催化制氢（英文）

液相化学氢化物以化学键的形式储存氢能,被认为是一类很有前景的化学储氢材料.液相化学氢化物的大规模应用很大程度上依赖于高效催化系统的开发.含金金属纳米颗粒在用于液相化学氢化物催化制氢中表现出优异的催化性能.本文综述了金纳米颗粒和含金异金属纳米颗粒用于液相氢化物催化制氢的最新研究进展.     

化学共还原法制备Mo/Ni双金属纳米颗粒及其催化制氢性能研究

采用化学共还原方法,以ISOBAM-104作为保护剂制备了Mo/Ni双金属纳米颗粒,并研究了ISOBAM-104用量、还原过程中KBH_4用量、金属离子浓度等对其催化KBH_4制氢性能的影响.结果表明:R_(ISO)=40 (R_(ISO)为ISOBAM-104与金属盐的物质的量的比),R_(KBH_4)=5 (R_(KBH_4)为KBH_4与金属盐离子的物质的量的比),金属离子的浓度为2 mmol·L~(-1)时,Mo_(10)Ni_(90)的催化制氢效果最好.在303 K的条件下,Mo_(10)Ni_(90)的催化活性达1 134 mol-H_2·mol-cat~(-1)·h~(-1),其催化KBH_4水解反应的活化能为39.84 kJ/mol.同时Mo/Ni双金属催化剂具有良好的耐久性,在九次重复试验后,其催化性能无明显降低.     

Rh/Co双金属纳米颗粒的制备及其催化制氢性能

以ISOBAM-104为保护剂,采用共还原法制备了一系列不同组成的Rh/Co双金属纳米颗粒(BNPs)。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、透射电镜及高分辨透射电镜对纳米颗粒的结构及组成进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的Rh/Co BNPs的粒径小于6.0nm,具有合金结构。催化制氢实验结果表明,Rh_(20)Co_(80)BNPs具有最高的催化制氢活性,其TOF值可高达12880mol-H_2·h~(-1)·mol-Rh~(-1),远高于Rh和Co单金属纳米颗粒的催化活性。     

负载型Pd-Ni双金属纳米颗粒在无溶剂苯甲醇氧化中有效抑制甲苯的生成

醇类化合物的选择性氧化是实验室和工业应用中一类重要的官能团转化反应.以分子氧为氧化剂,在液相无溶剂条件下温和氧化符合绿色化学的要求.负载型Pd基催化剂因其优异的催化活性而在该反应中得到广泛应用.但是,单金属Pd催化剂对反应目标产物醛类化合物的选择性还有待提高.例如,在苯甲醇液相无溶剂氧化中,甲苯是在单金属Pd催化剂上的主要副产物.针对这一问题,除了对载体进行改性和修饰外,开发双金属Pd基催化剂也是一种有效的选择性调控策略.虽然已有的Pd-Au双金属催化剂可以在一定程度上降低甲苯的选择性,但是在较高温度和较高转化率下仍然难以控制甲苯的大量生成.本文采用固相合金化法合成了负载型Pd-Ni双金属纳米颗粒.该方法首先以硝酸镍为镍的前驱体浸渍介孔二氧化硅,然后负载钯纳米颗粒.在高温固相还原条件下,作为种子的钯纳米颗粒和镍通过原子迁移和生长,形成Pd-Ni双金属纳米颗粒.扫描透射电镜、能量色散X射线光谱、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱等表征证实了Pd-Ni双金属纳米颗粒的生成.上述催化剂用于苯甲醇液相无溶剂氧化,催化结果显示Ni的加入可以抑制副产物甲苯的生成,并且随Ni负载量增加,甲苯的选择性(在80%等转化率下)由22.6%(单金属Pd)降低至1.6%(双金属Pd1Ni20).尽管Ni的加入降低了单金属Pd的活性,但是由于提高了目标产物苯甲醛的选择性,醛的最终产率得到提升.进一步催化研究表明,Ni的加入可以抑制无氧氛围下甲苯的生成,说明Ni可以抑制歧化反应和降低表面氢浓度.这种作用可归结于Pd-Ni双金属的协同效应.该效应得到了CO吸附的傅里叶变换漫反射红外光谱和密度泛函理论研究的证实.双金属的几何效应和电子效应均减弱了苯甲醇在双金属纳米颗粒表面的解离吸附和相互作用,导致苯甲醇的吸附减弱,同时C–O键断裂不易进行.另外,由于Ni的亲氧性,双金属纳米颗粒表面有利于氧的吸附,降低吸附氢的浓度,减少C–H键生成,从而抑制甲苯的生成.     

花球状镁铝复合氧化物负载Ni⁃Co催化剂的合成及正十二烷水蒸气重整制氢

采用水热晶化的方法制备了花球状镁铝层状水滑石材料,经过高温焙烧和氢气还原成功制备了镁铝复合氧化物负载的Ni?Co合金催化剂。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、氮气吸附-脱附测试、粉末X射线衍射、程序升温还原等技术表征了所制备催化剂的物理化学性质,并且测试了所制备催化剂催化正十二烷水蒸气重整制氢性能。实验结果表明:水热晶化后催化剂的前驱体是花球状层状水滑石结构,焙烧后催化剂以复合氧化物的结构存在,且存在非常丰富的介孔和大孔。通过调控Co的加入量,可以调控金属载体相互作用的强度及金属颗粒尺寸。还原后,Ni和Co形成合金且均匀地分布在层状薄片镁铝复合氧化物上面。所制备的催化剂用于正十二烷水蒸气重整制氢,结果显示,相比于Ni单金属催化剂,形成Ni?Co合金的催化剂的活性及产氢率均有较大程度的提升,且抗积碳性能大幅度提高。这归因于Ni?Co协同的合金状态和较小的金属纳米颗粒尺寸。     

Earth-abundant Metal-catalyzed Reductive Amination: Recent Advances and Prospect for Future Catalysis

Nitrogen-containing compounds, as an important class of chemicals, have been used widely in pharmaceuticals, materials synthesis. Transition metal-catalyzed reductive amination of an aldehyde or a ketone with ammonia or an amine has been proved to be an efficient and practical method for the preparation of nitrogen-containing compounds in academia and industry for a century. Given the above, several effective methods using transition metals have been developed in recent years. Noble transition metals like Pd, Pt, and Au-based catalysts have been predominately used in reductive amination. Because of their high prices, strict official regulations of residues in pharmaceuticals, and deleterious effects on the biological system, their industrial applications are severely hampered. With the increasing sustainable and environmental problems, the Earth-abundant transition metals including Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zr have also been investigated for the reductive amination reaction and showed great potential to the advancement of sustainable and cost-effective reductive amination processes. This critical review will mainly summarize the work using Earth-abundant metals. The effects of different transition metals used in catalytic reduction amination were discussed and compared, and some suggestions were given. The last section highlights the catalytic activities of bi- and tri-metallic catalysts. Indeed, this latter family is very promising and simultaneously benefits from increased stability, and selectivity, compared to monometallic NPs, due to synergistic substrate activation. Few comprehensive reviews focusing on Earth-abundant transition metals catalyst has been published since 1948, although several authors reported some summaries dealing with one or the other part of this aspect. It is hoped that this critical review will inspire researchers to develop new efficient and selective earth-abundant metal catalysts for highly, environmentally sustainable reductive amination methods, as well as improve the pharmaceutical industry and related chemical synthesis company traditional method with the utilization of the green method widely.     

金属-有机框架材料在液相催化化学制氢中的研究进展

金属-有机框架(MOFs)材料是由金属簇节点或金属离子与有机配体连接而成的典型的无机-有机杂合物, 作为一类新兴的无机多孔晶态材料, MOFs因具有高度有序的多孔性、 结构可裁剪性、 高比表面积及灵活多变的骨架类型等优点而在工业合成、 能源开发、 环境治理和生物制药等领域展现出广阔的应用前景. 本文从氢能源的开发利用出发, 总结了近年来MOFs基纳米复合材料在催化化学制氢方面的研究进展. 讨论了常见的含氢量高的化学储氢材料, 包括氨硼烷、 甲酸和水合肼等; 催化材料主要有单一MOFs、 MOF基贵金属和非贵金属复合材料及MOF基衍生材料等. 最后, 对MOF基复合材料在液相催化化学储氢中的应用前景进行了展望.     

原位合成钴/还原氧化石墨烯纳米粒子催化氨硼烷制氢

采用简单的原位还原合成方法,利用具有温和还原性能的氨硼烷作为还原剂,在室温下一步还原氧化石墨烯和氯化钴混合溶液制备了还原氧化石墨烯负载钴纳米复合材料催化剂. 利用所制备的钴/还原氧化石墨烯催化剂催化氨硼烷水解制氢,发现钴/还原氧化石墨烯具有优异的催化性能. 相对于没有负载的钴纳米粒子以及采用硼氢化钠作为还原剂制备的钴/还原氧化石墨烯催化剂,采用氨硼烷还原制备的钴/还原氧化石墨烯催化剂表现出更加优越的催化性能. 动力学测试表明,钴/还原氧化石墨烯催化氨硼烷水解反应为零级反应,同时钴/还原氧化石墨烯催化剂催化氨硼烷水解反应的活化能为27.10 kJ·mol^-1,低于大部分已报道的其它催化剂,甚至一些贵金属催化剂的活化能. 钴/还原氧化石墨烯催化剂有着稳定的循环使用性,特别是其具有的磁性使得它能够直接从溶液中通过磁力回收,极具应用前景. 这种简单有效的合成方法有望推广到其它的金属-还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料体系.     

Ni-based overall water splitting electrocatalysts prepared via laser-ablation-in-liquids combined with electrophoretic deposition

Synthesis of fine nanoparticles (NPs) with surface-active sites free from undesired chemical residues is the key to drive chemical kinetics. However, active sites of chemically produced NPs are limited because of the adsorption of chemical residues. Therefore, the development of a physical approach to produce NPs having surfaces free from chemical contamination is imperative to electrochemical water splitting. Here, we present a physical top-down approach where suspended NPs generated via pulsed laser ablation in liquids are electrophoretic deposited on a substrate to fabricate ready-to-use electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Three different laser pulse energies were used to ablate Ni plate in pure water or aqueous media of 1M polyethylene glycol (PEG) to produce six different colloidal solutions of NPs. The samples produced in the water at higher laser pulse energies have Ni/NiO phase in abundance, while those produced in PEG dominate Ni/Ni(OH)₂ phase. Among all the electrophoretically fabricated electrocatalysts, Ni-Di-70 is the best performer in overall water splitting, while Ni-P-30 is the worse. We believe that the selective adsorption of H1, responsible for hydrogen evolution reaction, at Ni sites, and OH^? ions, oxygen evolution intermediate, at NiO sites of Ni/NiO interface increase hydrogen and oxygen generation performances of Ni-Di-70 sample. The poor performance of PEG produced electrocatalysts is attributed to the combined effects of the formation of a larger assembly of NPs and adsorption of PEG molecules on the active sites.     

Multimetallic Nanoparticles as Alternative Antimicrobial Agents: Challenges and Perspectives

Recently, infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally due to their resistance to multiple antibiotics. This has triggered initiatives to develop novel, alternative antimicrobial materials, which solve the issue of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nanotechnology using nanoscale materials, especially multimetallic nanoparticles (NPs), has attracted interest because of the favorable physicochemical properties of these materials, including antibacterial properties and excellent biocompatibility. Multimetallic NPs, particularly those formed by more than two metals, exhibit rich electronic, optical, and magnetic properties. Multimetallic NP properties, including size and shape, zeta potential, and large surface area, facilitate their efficient interaction with bacterial cell membranes, thereby inducing disruption, reactive oxygen species production, protein dysfunction, DNA damage, and killing potentiated by the host’s immune system. In this review, we summarize research progress on the synergistic effect of multimetallic NPs as alternative antimicrobial agents for treating severe bacterial infections. We highlight recent promising innovations of multimetallic NPs that help overcome antimicrobial resistance. These include insights into their properties, mode of action, the development of synthetic methods, and combinatorial therapies using bi- and trimetallic NPs with other existing antimicrobial agents.     

Ni含量对Co_(1-x)Ni_xB催化水解放氢性能的影响(英文)

采用化学还原法以乙醇为溶剂在冰水浴中合成了一系列Co1-xNixB合金催化剂,研究了该系列合金不同Ni含量对NaBH4水解放氢性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)显示Co1-xNixB合金是纳米非晶态颗粒.放氢测试表明Co1-xNixB具有很高的催化活性.放氢速率先随着Ni含量的增加而增大,并在x=0.15时放氢速率达到最大值,然后随x值的增加而减小.298K时Co0.85Ni0.15B合金催化碱性硼氢化钠水解的最大放氢速率可达4228mL·min-1·g-1,CoB和Co0.85Ni0.15B合金催化放氢的活化能分别为34.25和31.87kJ·mol-1.因此以乙醇为溶剂合成的Co1-xNixB合金具有较高的催化活性.     

Metal–organic frameworks and their catalytic applications

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a novel categories of porous and well crystalline materials, were gained significant interest in the current years. These materials offer practical implementations in different sectors, like hydrogen and carbon dioxide storage, catalysis and separation due to their superior porosity, great surface area and versatile framework. The current review outlines the existing state of the art in using MOFs as catalysts in various organic transformation processes and photocatalysis depending on the site form, with particular confirmation on the most recent techniques for increasing the active centers and modifying their performance, by deposition of metallic nanoparticles on its surface or within the pores. In addition, the substantial progress made in the production of various composites containing MOF with particular focus on preparation and catalytic applications was provided.     

Pt/Ni双金属纳米溶胶的制备及催化制氢性能

采用化学共还原法制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)稳定的Pt/Ni双金属纳米溶胶.采用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对所合成的Pt/Ni双金属纳米溶胶进行了表征, 并系统研究了PVP用量、还原剂用量和浓度、双金属比例对该双金属纳米溶胶催化剂催化性能的影响.结果表明, 所制备的双金属纳米溶胶的平均粒径在2.0 nm左右, Pt/Ni双金属纳米溶胶的催化活性比Pt及Ni单金属纳米溶胶的高, 当Pt/Ni摩尔比为1:4时, 纳米溶胶的催化活性最高, 其活性值为16640 mol_H2·mol_Pt^-1·h^-1.所制备的Pt/Ni双金属纳米溶胶催化剂具有很好的耐久性, 5次催化实验后该催化剂仍保持较高的催化活性.该双金属纳米溶胶催化NaBH₄水解反应的活化能为48 kJ/mol.     

锂离子电池富锂锰基正极材料的研究进展

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