炸药敏化剂的分子结构、电子结构和生成热的理论研究

在HF/6-31G*和B3LYP/6-31G*基组水平上, 对硝酸乙酯(EN)、硝酸正丙酯(NPN)、硝酸异丙酯(IPN)、硝酸异辛酯(EHN)和四甘醇二硝酸酯(TEGDN)五种炸药敏化剂进行理论计算, 研究了标题物的分子结构、电子结构和能量等方面的性质. 基于Mulliken布居和键长分析, 五种硝酸酯分子的热分解始于O2—N3键的断裂, 且由Mulliken电荷分布推知分子热解产生NO2气体. 在分析前线轨道能(EHOMO, ELUMO)和能量差(ΔE)的基础上对五种硝酸酯的相对热稳定性大小进行了评估. 由等键反应获得的EN、IPN、NPN、EHN和TEGDN的标准生成热分别是-155.972、-190.896、-175.279、-272.376和-790.733 kJ·mol-1.     

Electronic Structure,Molecular Conformation and Reactivity of Benzonorbornadiene Systems

From the photoelectron spectra of benzonorbornadiene ( 1 ) and its 9-isopropylidene derivative ( 2 ) the energy and an approximate wave function for the highest occupied orbitals is obtained. With these results the differential reactivity of the systems in Diels-Alder additions with ‘inverse electron demand’ is discussed on the basis of frontier orbitals. For the ground state of 2 similar non-bonded interactions between the isopropylidene unit and the double bond or the benzene ring are indicated. Conformational equilibria in 9-aza derivatives of 1 are discussed in view of these findings.     

Crystal,Molecular, and Electronic Structure of 1-Acetyl-indoline and Derivatives

The crystal and molecular structures of the following molecules have been determined: 1-acetyl-indoline, 1-acetyl-5-nitro-indoline, l-acetyl-5-nitro-7-bromo-indoline, 1-acetyl-5-bromo-7-nitroindoline, and l-acetyl-5-bromo-7-nitro-indol. Molecular orbital calculations are performed for these compounds and two related species.     

通过价层电子密度分析展现分子电子结构

迄今已有众多实空间函数被提出用来揭示化学上感兴趣的分子电子结构特征,例如化学键、孤对电子和多中心电子共轭。在这些分析方法中,电子定域化函数(ELF)、电子密度的拉普拉斯(∇²ρ)和变形密度(ρ_def)被广泛用于实际研究。众所周知,分析分子的总电子密度无法像以上提及的方法那样展现出与分子电子结构有关的丰富的信息。但是,在本文中,通过数个实例以及通过与ELF、∇²ρ和ρ_def的对比,我们指出若只关注价层电子密度分布,分子电子结构特征也是可能被探究的。我们发现对大多数情况,对非常简单的价层电子密度的分析也可以给出与ELF、∇²ρ和ρ_def分析类似的信息,并且这种分析具有计算复杂度更低的额外优点。我们希望本文的工作可以使得化学家们关注长期被忽视的价层电子密度所具有的重要价值。也值得注意的是,价层电子密度分析并非完全没有缺点,当这种方法无法提供丰富信息的时候,研究者仍需借助于其它类型的分析手段。     

结构对称齐聚(3-甲基噻吩)的电子结构和分子堆积

研究了一类结构对称的新型齐聚(3-甲基噻吩)(二聚体Br2MT和四聚体Br4MT)的电子结构和分子堆积形式.结果表明,随着链的增长,新合成的Br4MT溶液比Br2MT溶液(溶剂CHCl3)的最大紫外吸收波长红移约60 nm,Br2MT和Br4MT的π电子轨道重叠度及斯托克斯位移均较大;广角XRD晶体结构分析表明,该类齐聚(3-甲基噻吩)的π-π堆积晶面间距比聚(3-烷基噻吩)减小了约0.08 nm,分子堆积形式主要为π-共轭平面的堆积,其分子结构趋向于紧密堆积.该结构对称齐聚(3-甲基噻吩)的电子结构和分子堆积形式有利于提高其电荷传输能力.     

星际炔氰分子电子结构和分子振动的理论研究

用MINDO/3法计算了星际炔氰分子(HC_2nCN,n=0,1,…,5)的电子结构和振动频率;得出了炔氰分子的HOMO、LUMO、电子总能量E_T与n之间的线性关系。炔氰分子n愈大,HOMO愈高,LUMO愈低,体系愈不稳定。由计算的振动频率和对振动模式的分析可知,在炔氰分子中(HCN除外),应有频率约为3820cm^-1的H-C伸缩振动和800cm^-1的H-C-C弯曲振动这样的特征振动。     

ChemInform Abstract: Molecular and Electronic Structure of Less Common Phosphorus Halides

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.     

立体拥挤二苯基卡宾分子结构的电子效应

通过对二苯基重氮甲烷的光照射产生了一系列具有对称对位取代基的三线态二(2,6-二甲苯基)卡宾.用电子顺磁共振波谱对其进行了研究.通过对不同粘度的基质(matrix)中零磁场分裂参数D和E的测定,依据电子自旋离域取代基常数σr对三线态二苯基卡宾的分子结构的取代基效应进行了分析.并通过对卡宾的热消失温度及其室温脱气苯溶液中寿命的测定,对三线态二(2,6-二甲苯基)卡宾的稳定性进行了定量考察.结果表明,对卡宾中心的自旋电子具有离域效应的取代基使三线态二(2,6-二甲苯基)卡宾采取低能稳定的直线型结构,且显示了更好的热稳定性和更长的寿命.     

Ab initio Study on the Molecular Geometry,Electronic Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Benzotrifuroxan(BTF)

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The Molecular and Electronic Structure of Nickelatetrazole – A Theoretical Study

Nickelatetrazoles have been proposed as intermediates in the course of the photoreaction of Ni^II complexes of [NiP₂(N₃)₂] constitution (P₂: mono‐ or diphosphane ligands). However, any metallatetrazoles as well as their organic analogue, 5 H‐carbatetrazole, could neither be prepared nor identified up to now. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, predictions are given concerning the molecular and electronic structure of tetrazoles. While 5 H‐tetrazole is indeed a rather unstable species, metallatetrazole moieties in square‐planar d⁸ transition metal complexes should be experimentally accessible.     

Substituent Effect on the Electronic Structure of Sulfines: Molecular Orbital Treatment

The electronic structure and ground state properties of the gaseous sulfine H₂CSO and some of its derivatives were studied at the RHF, MP2, and B3LYP levels. The calculations showed that the Z-isomer is more stable than the E-one and their difference in energy depends on their level of calculation, basis set, and substituent. The factors affecting the isomer stability are the electrostatic interactions, the steric factor, and π-electrons delocalization. The substituent has little effect on the geometry of the CSO moiety but greatly affects its charge distribution and polarizability. The ΔE value of the E- to Z-isomerization process via rotation of the S═O bond was calculated. The substituent has an appreciable effect on both the geometry and energy barrier of isomerization depending on its electronegativity, electrostatic attraction, and effect on π-delocalization over the molecule.     

CO分子结点电子结构和输运性质的第一原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的非平衡态格林函数方法(NEGF), 计算了CO分子结点低偏压下的电流和电导. 通过系统透射谱、投影态密度(PDOS)以及分子自洽投影哈密顿量(MPSH)本征态的分析将透射通道与局域分子轨道联系起来, 从系统电子结构解释了其传输性质. 讨论了电荷转移对系统电导的影响.     

Relationship between the Molecular Structure of Cyanine Dyes and the Vibrational Fine Structure of their Electronic Absorption Spectra

Vibronic sub‐bands in the electronic absorption spectra of symmetrical cyanine dyes (see picture) are attributed to the symmetric C? C valence vibration of the polymethine chain in the excited state. The ³J(H,H) coupling constants in the polymethine chain can be used to characterize the bond localization within the chain in the ground state and thus to explain the intensity distribution of the sub‐bands.

     

外电场作用下甲基乙烯基硅酮分子结构和电子光谱

采用密度泛函B3P86方法在6-311++G(d, p)基组水平上优化得到了沿分子轴方向不同外电场(0-0.04 a.u.)作用下, 甲基乙烯基硅酮分子的基态电子状态、几何结构、电偶极矩和分子总能量. 在优化构型下利用杂化CIS-DFT方法(CIS-B3P86)研究了同样外电场条件下对甲基乙烯基硅酮的激发能和振子强度的影响. 计算结果表明, 分子几何构型与电场大小呈现强烈的依赖关系, 分子偶极矩μ随电场的增加先减小后急剧增大. 电场为零时, 分子总能量为-483.5532137 a.u., 随着电场增加, 能量升高, 在F=0.02 a.u.时达到最大值-483.5393952 a.u., 此后, 继续增大电场系统总能量则开始降低. 激发能随电场增加急剧减小, 表明在电场作用下, 分子易于激发和离解.