金属玻璃CuTi合金的电阻率

选择典型的金属玻璃Cu_1-xTi_x合金系统,利用熔融自旋技术制备了两种组份(x=0.300;x=0.325)的非晶样品。X射线,DTA和DSC测量的结果表明,它们具有典型的非晶特征。在较宽的温区(2—700K)测量了其电阻率,测量结果符合Mooij定则。最后,利用非晶态合金电子输运的Nagel近自由电子模型,Mott的s-d电子散射模型,准粒子无序构形激发模型和“二能级隧道”模型分析了低温电阻率。 关键词：     

无序晶态合金的电阻率

基于Baym原则,将Ziman型液态金属电阻理论推广到晶态金属及替代式的无序合金系统,给出了电阻率的一般表达式,讨论了它们的低温和高温行为。低温下用德拜晶格振动模型,无序晶态系统的电阻率可表为ρ=ρ₀+ρ_d(T/Θ)²+ρ_i(T/Θ)⁵,与实验一致。高温下,考虑到Debye-Waller因子及多声子效应,电阻率趋向饱和。用独立原子振动近似得到的简单公式与实验资料的比较表明:类似Nb这种电阻率的高温非线性偏离可以在本文的模型中自然地得到说明。     

无序效应对1T-TaS_2材料中Mott绝缘相的影响

电子强关联效应使得过渡金属硫化物1T-TaS_2在低温时为Mott绝缘体,而层间堆叠错位及杂质又会引入相当强的无序效应.利用统计动力学平均场理论数值方法研究了无序效应对Mott绝缘相的影响,发现非对角跃迁无序和对角无序效应均不会引起从绝缘体到金属的相变.杂质引入的对角无序达到一定强度后Mott能隙会完全闭合,而堆叠错位引入的非对角跃迁无序不论多强都无法关闭Mott能隙.在半满情况,非对角无序会导致上下Hubard带对称地分别出现一个奇异态,而通过晶格尺寸标度研究证明了这种反常的电子态仍然是Anderson局域态.     

理想气体中的内势能

本文证明在无壁空间或无束缚力约束空间中,压力是气体以物态存在的束缚力.证明了热力学压力不仅是动量交换的统计平均值的量度,而且也是分子或原子空间位置分布(密度)的表征.理想气体在有限空间中的统计构形空间,具有逸散势-pV.这种系统构形空间内的各能级粒子具有相应的动量空间分布,其统计构形空间具有无序势TS.热力学平衡态具有处处相等p、T和总势能TS-pV.理想气体的二种势能具有对称性,总势能等于零;但其相应的无序势和逸散势都不等于零.     

一维无序体系的交流跳跃导电

建立了electronphononfield(EPF)电子隧穿电导模型,推导了一维无序体系新的交流电导公式.通过计算具有20000—65000个格点的无序体系的交流电导率,分析了交流电导率与温度及外场频率的关系,讨论了无序度对交流电导的影响.计算结果表明,无序体系的交流电导率随外场频率的增加而近似线性的增大;无序体系在低温区出现了负微分电阻特性,电导率随温度的升高而增大,在高温区电导率随温度的升高而减小;无序度对无序体系的交流电导影响明显:在低温区,无序度越小,体系的电导率越大;在高温区,适当增大无序度, 关键词： 无序体系 电子隧穿 跳跃电导     

无序固体中的低温隧道模型

本文系统地综述在不同类型的无序固体中发现的低温反常性质,并用隧道态模型进行详细的理论分析,对于有关的微观图象和存在的问题也作扼要的讨论。     

无序固体中的低温隧道模型

本文系统地综述在不同类型的无序固体中发现的低温反常性质,并用隧道态模型进行详细的理论分析,对于有关的微观图象和存在的问题也作扼要的讨论。     

氧缺陷导致的结构无序对La_(2/3)Sr_(1/3)MnO_3薄膜电输运特性的影响(英文)

为了澄清结构无序对电输运特性,特别是低温下电阻极小的影响,采用脉冲激光沉积方法在LaAlO3(100)基片上制备了两类La2/3Sr1/3MnO3薄膜.一块是在通40Pa氧气的气氛下沉积,沉积后不再进行通氧气的原位退火.另一块在同样通40Pa氧气的气氛下沉积,但沉积后再在6×104Pa的氧气气氛下进行原位退火.对两种薄膜的结构,磁特性和电输运特性进行了对比研究.结果表明:氧缺陷导致了薄膜结构的无序,更导致了类似自旋玻璃行为的磁无序.电输运特性结果表明原位退火使得薄膜的金属-绝缘体转变温度Tc从约195K提高到335K.对由于结构无序的存在对低温电阻较小行为的影响作了系统对比研究,曲线拟合的结果表明对于缺氧薄膜和进行了原位退火的薄膜的低温电阻较小行为的主要影响因素分别是类近藤散射作用和电子-电子相互作用,这一结果对于澄清庞磁电阻锰氧化物体系的低温电阻极小现象有一定积极意义.     

一维无序体系电子跳跃导电研究

建立了电子隧穿电导模型,推导了一维无序体系新的直流电导公式.通过计算20000格点无序体系的直流电导率,分析了直流电导率和温度及外场电压的关系,讨论了无序度对直流电导的影响.计算结果表明,无序体系的直流电导率随无序度的增加而减小;外加电场较小时,电导率相对较大,且出现一系列峰值,电压较大时,电导率反而较小;无序体系在低温区出现了负微分电阻特性,电导率随温度的升高而增大,在高温区电导率随温度的升高而减小.计算结果和实验符合很好 关键词： 无序体系 电子隧穿 直流电导率     

求解三种导体构形中相对论电子形成的空间电荷限制流

在无横向磁场作用下，真空中损失到金属导体阳极表面的空间电荷限制（SCL）流将达到最大。在无限大平板构形导体中，这个最大的SCL流只与阴阳极电压和间距相关；而对于在磁绝缘传输线（MITL）中广泛应用的同轴圆筒和共顶点同轴圆锥构形，其最大SCL流还与导体的几何因子及极性参量有关。研究这3种典型构形的最大SCL流，是研究横向磁场对SCL流影响规律的起点，是设计同类MITL构形的基础。     

Fractional differential models for anomalous diffusion

In this study, we investigate three kinds of fractional differential models (distributed-order model, variable-order model and random-order model) for characterization of anomalous diffusion. The characteristics, physical advantages and potential applications of each model are highlighted. The numerical simulations also validate our analytical and comparison results. Furthermore, a generalized distributed-variable-order model and a more generalized distributed-variable-random-order model are proposed to combine the advantages of distributed-order model, variable-order model and random-order model.     

A Simplified Neuronal Model for the Instigation and Propagation of Cortical Spreading Depression

In this paper, we construct a simplified neuronal model that is capable of simulating the instigation of cortical spreading depression (CSD) and propagation of a CSD wave. Our model is a simplification and extension of a single neuron model proposed in the literature for studying the instigation of CSD. Using the simplified neuronal model, we construct a network of these simplified neurons. This network model shows that the propagation of a CSD wave occurs naturally after it is instigated electrically or chemically. Although the model is simple, the speed of the CSD wave predicted by our model is consistent with experimentally observed values. Finally, our model allows us to investigate the effects of specific ion channels on the spread of a CSD wave.     

The comparative analysis of prebiological evolution models

Several models of prebiological systems are described and analyzed. The following models are characterized: a quasispecies model, a hypercycle model, a syser model (the term "syser" is an abbreviation of SYstem of SElf-Reproduction), a stochastic corrector model, a model of the origin of a primordial genome through spontaneous symmetry breaking. The quasispecies model analyzes the Darwinian evolution of information chains; this evolution is similar to the evolution of RNA molecules. Rather general estimates of the speed and efficiency of evolutionary processes can be obtained in the framework of the quasispecies model. We briefly describe the method for obtaining these estimates and the corresponding results. The hypercycle model considers the interaction of RNA chains and enzymes. The syser model characterizes a rather general scheme of the self-reproducing system, which is similar to the self-reproducing systems of biological cells. Syser includes a polynucleotide sequence, a replication enzyme, a translation enzyme, and other enzymes; these macromolecules are located inside the protocell. The stochastic corrector model describes the process of using a relatively small number of molecules of competing and cooperating replicators in protocells. The model of the origin of a primordial genome through spontaneous symmetry breaking characterizes an interesting and important process of the appearance of genotypes in protocells. This model was proposed and investigated by Takeuchi, Hogeweg, and Kaneko in 2017; we call it further “the THK model.” The current article characterizes and compares all these models.     

包含液相扩散方程简化的锂离子电池电化学模型

锂离子电池的电化学模型对于电池特性分析和电池管理具有重要意义,但是准二维(P2D)模型复杂度太高,为了在保证模型精度的基础上尽量降低复杂度,本文提出了一种包含液相简化的P2D (LSP2D)模型,该模型首先基于电化学平均动力学将电池端电压化简成为仅耦合固相Li+浓度c_s和液相Li+浓度c_e的方程,然后进一步对表达c_s和c_e演化规律的偏微分方程进行抛物线近似化简,使得最终的模型由多项式组成.COMSOL仿真表明在放电倍率为1C时该模型与单粒子(SP)模型的估算精度和速度相当,但在放电倍率为3C时,该模型的估算时间比P2D模型减少了99.73%,与SP模型相当,估算精度相比SP模型有大幅度提升.     

An asymmetric full velocity difference car-following model

This paper presents a car-following model that considers the asymmetric characteristic of the velocity differences of the vehicles in a traffic stream. The problems of the prevalent general force (GF) model and the full velocity difference (FVD) model were solved. Furthermore, the optimal velocity (OV) model, the GF model, and the FVD model are proved to be the special cases of the proposed asymmetric full velocity difference (AFVD) model. The mathematical model is presented, followed by simulation analysis which demonstrates the properties of the AFVD model.     

一种推广伊辛自旋模型的实空间重正化群理论

本文提出了一种推广的伊辛自旋模型。它包括了伊辛自旋模型、Schofield和Bowers提出的混合自旋模型以及一种特殊的格点稀释伊辛自旋模型作为特例。运用实空间重正化群得到了这个推广模型的相变流图和三个非平庸不动点(一个伊辛不动点,一个三相不动点和一个一级相变不动点)。结果表明:混合自旋模型和伊辛模型属于同一普适类。证实了Schofield和Bowers通过直接对混合自旋模型临界指数的计算所做的结论。 关键词：     

The dynamic evolutions of the generalized Hobbit model and structure formation

In this paper a more general phenomenological model is proposed on the basis of the Hobbit model in Cardone et al. (Phys Rev D 69:083517, 2004). The main purpose of constructing our model is to make this model can not only mimic the ΛCDM model, but also describe a four-phase smooth transition of the universe, namely the inflationary phase, a radiation-dominated phase, a matter-dominated phase and a de Sitter-like phase. In order to check whether this model is a viable one, the evolutions of the universe are respectively discussed in the two cases, and the possible physical interpretations for this model are also respectively shown by using the scalar fields. Finally, the structure formations in our model are simply discussed for the both cases, and the results given by us reconfirm that our model can be regarded as a fit to the ΛCDM model, if we choose the proper conditions.     

A dual model strategy to transfer multivariate calibration models for near-infrared spectral analysis

A dual-model method is proposed for correcting the calibration model. In the method, a primary calibration model is built using the spectra of a primary instrument and a correction model is established to describe the ratios between the predicted results from the spectra of different instruments. The prediction for the spectra of secondary instrument can be achieved by correcting the prediction of the primary model. A mathematical proof is described for the existence of the correction model, and the model is investigated using a near-infrared spectroscopic dataset of plant leaf samples measured on two instruments. The results show that a precise correction model is obtained and the model can be used to correct the predictions of the primary model. The correlation coefficients between the predicted and the reference ratios are above 0.9, and the prediction error after the correction is at the same level of the primary model.     

Meta-Tree Random Forest: Probabilistic Data-Generative Model and Bayes Optimal Prediction

This paper deals with a prediction problem of a new targeting variable corresponding to a new explanatory variable given a training dataset. To predict the targeting variable, we consider a model tree, which is used to represent a conditional probabilistic structure of a targeting variable given an explanatory variable, and discuss statistical optimality for prediction based on the Bayes decision theory. The optimal prediction based on the Bayes decision theory is given by weighting all the model trees in the model tree candidate set, where the model tree candidate set is a set of model trees in which the true model tree is assumed to be included. Because the number of all the model trees in the model tree candidate set increases exponentially according to the maximum depth of model trees, the computational complexity of weighting them increases exponentially according to the maximum depth of model trees. To solve this issue, we introduce a notion of meta-tree and propose an algorithm called MTRF (Meta-Tree Random Forest) by using multiple meta-trees. Theoretical and experimental analyses of the MTRF show the superiority of the MTRF to previous decision tree-based algorithms.     

Cellular automaton model considering headway-distance effect

This paper presents a cellular automaton model for single-lane traffic flow. On the basis of the Nagel-Schreckenberg （NS） model, it further considers the effect of headway-distance between two successive cars on the randomization of the latter one. In numerical simulations, this model shows the following characteristics. （1） With a simple structure, this model succeeds in reproducing the hysteresis effect, which is absent in the NS model. （2） Compared with the slow-tostart models, this model exhibits a local fundamental diagram which is more consistent to empirical observations. （3） This model has much higher efficiency in dissolving congestions compared with the so-called NS model with velocitydependent randomization （VDR model）. （4） This model is more robust when facing traffic obstructions. It can resist much longer shock times and has much shorter relaxation times on the other hand. To summarize, compared with the existing models, this model is quite simple in structure, but has good characteristics.