膨润土负载壳聚糖制备吸附剂

将壳聚糖与膨润土混合制得一种吸附剂。将其用于染料溶液的脱色、陈醋的澄清、中药注射液中鞣酸的清除等,脱色率为97％,鞣酸脱除率为50％,陈醋的透光率为25．8％。通过X射线衍射图讨论了膨润土的改性机理。改性后膨润土的片状层结构未发生变化,壳聚糖仅仅吸附在膨润土的内外表面。     

以壳聚糖为载体的内毒素吸附剂

内毒素血症(Endotoxemia)可出现于多种疾病过程中,导致器官坏死、不可逆休克和死亡。如何及时并有效地清除患者体内的内毒素,是临床医学面临的一个难题．选用高效吸附剂,籍助血液灌流的方法从血液中直接清除内毒素,受到了人们越来越多的关注。     

基于壳聚糖及其衍生物的金属离子吸附剂的研究进展

综述了近年来以壳聚糖和壳聚糖衍生物为原料的金属离子吸附剂的研究进展．重点介绍了壳聚糖及其衍生物的交联和功能化反应，以及交联后的树脂对多种金属离子的吸附情况．常用的交联剂包括戊二醛、甲醛及环氧氟丙烷，(聚)乙二醇双缩水甘油醚等，壳聚糖树脂的功能化主要包括向其中引入冠醚、羧甲基等功能团，其中羧甲基化是最常用最有效的方法．另外，还介绍了金属离子模板壳聚糖树脂以及基于壳聚糖衍生物的蛇笼树脂的合成。     

新型亲和吸附剂的研究（I）：吸附剂的制备及其配体固定化

以醋酸乙烯酯为单体，三烯丙基异氰尿酸酯为交联剂制得大孔交联共聚物，以其为载体，氨基酸为配体制得一系列亲和吸附剂，探讨了溶剂用量和性质，反应时间和温度等条件对配体固定化的影响，并确定了最佳制备条件。     

新型磁性葡聚糖亲和吸附剂的制备及在尿激酶纯化中的应用

 采用反相悬浮包埋技术合成多分散的粒径在 5 0目～ 30 0目的磁性葡聚糖微球 (MDMS)。MDMS经环氧氯丙烷活化后 ,分别键合氨基乙酸、6 氨基己酸和乙二胺作为间隔臂 ,以碳二亚胺为偶联剂 ,分别偶联L 精氨酸甲酯、对氨基苯甲脒和胍基己酸配体 ,制备了 5种磁性亲和吸附剂。研究了分散介质及其粘度和密度、有机相和水相的体积比、表面活性剂的用量、搅拌速度等因素对微球制备的影响。将所制备的磁性亲和吸附剂应用于尿激酶粗品的纯化 ,并讨论了偶联试剂和配体对尿激酶纯化效果的影响。     

壳聚糖吸附剂的制备及其性能

本文以壳聚糖为主要原料，分别经过悬浮交联和复合制备得到壳聚糖（Ｃｈｉｔｏｓａｎ）树脂吸附剂（简称ＣＳ吸附剂）和壳聚糖—活性炭（Ｃｈｉｔｏｓａｎ－Ａｃｔｉｖｅｃａｒｂｏｎ）复合吸附剂（简称ＣＳ—ＡＣ吸附剂）。研究影响制备吸附剂的诸因素；测定两种吸附剂的性能；探讨两种吸附剂对印染废水的脱色和对有毒金属离子的去除。研究结果表明：本研究条件下制得的ＣＳ和ＣＳ—ＡＣ吸附剂比表面积分别为８２．９Ｍ２／ｇ和９３７．３Ｍ２／ｇ；对亚甲基蓝溶液（５００ｍｇ／Ｌ）的静态吸附量为１４１．２ｍｇ／ｇ吸附剂和８３５．１ｍｇ／ｇ吸附剂；ＣＳ吸附剂对印染废水的动态脱色量为１２６．９ｍｇ／ｇ吸附剂；两种吸附剂对有毒重金属Ｐｂ（２＋）的去除率均达９０％以上，而且耐酸、碱性能较好，均为优良的颗粒状吸附剂。     

新型磁性亲和吸附剂的制备及其在尿激酶纯化中的应用研究

合成了磁性聚乙烯醇和磁性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球,并以它们为基质,用环氧氯丙烷、羰基二咪唑或溴化氰活化后,分别键合氨基乙酸、6-氨基己酸、乙二胺或己二胺为间隔臂,用1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐或羰基二咪唑为偶联试剂,分别偶联对氨基苯甲脒、L-精氨酸甲酯、胍基乙酸或胍基己酸配体,合成了17种磁性亲和吸附剂,并用于尿激酶粗品的纯化.与前文制备的8种磁性亲和吸附剂作对照,研究了基质、活化试剂、间隔臂分子、偶联试剂及配体等因素对尿激酶纯化效果的影响.这些磁性亲和吸附剂在尿激酶的纯化中取得了较好的效果,大多数磁性亲和吸附剂的活性回收率在40%～70%之间,纯化倍数为15～40,吸附容量为0.08～0.2mg/mL.     

两种固定化金属螯合复合亲和膜色谱介质制备

以纤维素滤纸为基质,通过碱处理、环氧活化、偶联亚氨基二乙酸二钠、固定化Ｃｕ＾２＋后制得了大孔纤维素亲和膜。另外,在活化后的膜上通过共价交联覆盖上琼脂糖,制得了具有类似“三明治”结构且性能优于的复合亲和膜,装柱后分别制得固定化金属螯合亲和膜色谱柱。对两种亲和膜进行牛血清白蛋白等温吸附测定显示,两者的最大吸附量分别为１．１７ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２和１．３０ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２,与传统的琼脂糖凝胶类介质吸附量相当,表     

新型亲和吸附剂的研究(Ⅰ)──吸附剂的制备及其配体固定化

以醋酸乙烯酯为单体,三烯丙基异氰尿酸酯为交联剂制得大孔交联共聚物,以其为载体,氨基酸为配体制得一系列亲和吸附剂。探讨了溶剂用量和性质、反应时间和温度等条件对配体固定化的影响,并确定了最佳制备条件。     

水合氧化铁／石英砂吸附剂的制备及性质

用反复沉淀法和加热蒸发法制备了水合氧化铁／石英砂水处理吸附剂，用电子显微镜观察了它们的表面形态，测定了氧化铁在表面上的附着能力，研究了该吸附剂对重金属离子的吸附和脱附性质．结果表明，加热蒸发法所得样品表面形态复杂；在酸性溶液和机械振荡条件下表面氧化铁有良好附着能力；对Ｃｄ２＋和Ｃｒ３＋有较强的吸附性质．     

硅胶-环糊精固定金属离子亲合吸附剂的制备及性能

以硅胶键合β-环糊精(-βCD)为载体,亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)为螯合基,制备了新型固定金属离子亲合吸附剂.通过13C固体核磁、元素分析对其进行了表征.每克吸附剂分别含IDA分子158μmol,-βCD分子136μmol.研究了吸附剂对α-淀粉酶的吸附特性.     

以硅烷化硅胶为基质交联壳聚糖对重金属吸附的研究

本文通过对硅胶进行硅烷化,利用Shiff碱反应,用乙二醛作壳聚糖（CTS）交联剂和氨基化硅胶（Sigel-NH2）为偶联剂,制得结构稳定的2-（1,2-乙二醛）-亚胺-2-脱氧-β-D-葡聚糖树脂,并接枝于硅烷化TCL层析硅胶（简称为硅胶接枝2-乙二醛壳聚糖,Si-gel-g-BifCTS）.通过正交实验确定了合成Sigel-g-BifCTS的方法和最佳实验条件,并对CTS、Sigel-NH2和Sigel-g-BifCTS的结构和性能进行对比性的表征和分析.应用这种新的分离功能材料,研究了它对重金属离子Cd2＋、Pb2＋的吸附性能.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Titanosilicate as an Adsorbent for Toxic Metal Ions

Hexagonal mesoporous titanosilicates (Ti‐MCM‐41) have been prepared using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the structure directing agent under the mild alkaline conditions. Powder X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen gas sorption, FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry analysis of samples have confirmed that well ordered MCM‐41 type mesoporous materials were prepared. The potential of removing toxic metal ions from waste waters using mesoporous titanosilicates was evaluated. Separation of Co^II‐U^VI, Cs^I‐U^VI and Sm^III‐U^VI has been developed on columns of this adsorbent.     

Recovery of Metal Ions by Chitosan: Sorption Mechanisms and Influence of Metal Speciation

Chitosan is characterized by a high affinity for metal ions due to its high content of amine groups. The sorption mechanism depends on both the protonation of these amine groups and the speciation of metal ions. Metal cations may be adsorbed at pH close to neutrality by chelation mechanism while metal anions can be adsorbed in acidic solutions through ionic interactions with protonated amine groups. Several examples are considered. The first example focuses on Cd sorption, which proceeds by a chelation mechanism on free non‐protonated amine groups in neutral media. In acidic solutions the protonation of amine groups limits the ability of amine groups to complex Cd. The cross‐linking of chitosan with glutaraldehyde also results in a dramatic decrease of sorption properties due to the decrease in the density of complexation sites available for sorption. The sorption of vanadium(V) and molybdenum(VI) illustrates the high capacity of chitosan for the sorption of oxo‐anions. They are very efficiently sorbed in acidic solutions by ionic interactions. The correlation of sorption capacities with the distribution of metal species shows that the sorbent has a greater affinity for highly charged anionic species. The sorption of complex anionic species such as chloro‐complexes of Pd and Pt; and that of copper complexed with organic ligands have also been studied. The optimum conditions for sorption are obtained when anionic complexes predominate in the solution. The chemical modification of chitosan, obtained by grafting of sulfur compounds, allows modifying the sorption mechanism: the ion‐exchange polymer is transformed to a dual ion‐exchange and chelating polymer.

Copper sorption isotherm in presence of sodium citrate (0.004 M ) (? RNH: fraction of protonated amine groups; ACuC: total fraction of anionic copper complexes; Cu‐FAL: total fraction of copper‐free anionic ligands).     

改性壳聚糖的制备及其对金属离子的吸附性能

用对羟基苯甲醛、水杨醛和香草醛对壳聚糖进行了修饰.探讨了产物对微量Hg2+,Pb2+,Au3+,Cu2+,Ag+,Cr3+,Cd2+,Ni2+和Zn2+的吸附性能.结果表明,改性后的壳聚糖具有不易流失、易再生的特点,并且对离子的去除率较高,尤其对Hg2+,Pb2+和Au3+,去除率更高.     

壳聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖金属配合物对氧自由基的清除作用研究

以NADH-PMS-NBT体系产生超氧阴离子自由基(o2-·)和EDTANa2·Fe(Ⅱ)-H2O2体系产生 羟自由基(·OH)来研究壳聚糖Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)配合物、羧甲基壳聚糖Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)配合物时氧自由基的 清除作用。结果显示配合物对O2-·和·OH均具有明显的清除作用,其中铜(Ⅱ)配合物对O2-·的清除活 性最高,而锌(Ⅱ)配合物比铜(Ⅱ)配合物具有更强的清除·OH的能力,羧甲基壳聚糖Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)配合 物与含有相同金属离子的壳聚糖配合物相比对O2-·和·OH具有更高的抑制活性。     

Characterization of Chitosan/Alginate Self-Assembled Nanoparticles as a Protein Carrier

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the polymeric ratios on the characteristics of chitosan/alginate (ch/alg) self-assembled nanoparticles and their potential as protein delivery vehicle. The nanoparticles were prepared using proper mixing of polymers in presence or absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a protein model. Three formulations of nanoparticles comprising ch/alg ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 were prepared. Size, shape and zeta potential of the formulations were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nanosizer instruments. FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) studies were performed to investigate polymer-polymer or polymer-protein interactions. Release profiles and entrapment efficiencies of the nanoparticles were determined by calorimetric technique using appropriate techniques. Entrapment efficiency was 70% for ch/alg ratio of 1:1, 65% for 1:2, and 60% for 2:1. The z-average size of the nanoparticles were 403, 205, and 318 nm for ch/alg ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, respectively. Average zeta potentials were ?47, +15, ?25 mV for 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 as well. Considering the favorable features required for protein delivery systems, ch/alg (1:1) due to its smallest size, highest loading, and most homogenous shape was regarded as the best ratio.     

新型吸附剂的合成、表征及其对Ni(II)的吸附研究

利用滴加法合成了球形含Ni2 交联壳聚糖,并通过胺化引入大量活性氨基,再经除镍制成对重金属镍离子具有较好吸附能力的新型吸附剂[P-C-CTS(Ni)].通过Ni2 吸附容量的测定,IR及XPS分析,验证了合成技术路线的正确性.通过研究pH值对吸附量的影响,初步讨论了无柠檬酸根(Cit)配位体存在时,吸附剂对Ni(II)的吸附为螯合作用.通过Cit存在条件下(cNi=cCit=0.852mmol·L-1),吸附剂对Ni(II)离子和Cit的吸附量随pH值的变化,结合相应pH值下金属镍的形态分布,探讨了其对Ni(II)的吸附机理,研究认为不仅仅是简单的螯合作用,其吸附机理和吸附量与溶液中金属离子的存在形式有关,引入静电吸附原理解释了吸附剂对Ni(II)的吸附现象.     

一种疏水色谱填料的特性及应用的研究

 以交联壳聚糖为基质 ,正戊醛为配基 ,利用改进的方法制备了疏水作用色谱 (HIC)填料 ,并对该色谱填料的吸附行为和应用作了研究。结果表明 ,此类填料对蛋白质的吸附行为符合疏水相互作用理论 ,对α 淀粉酶的纯化活性回收率大于 80 %。