长杆弹高速斜穿甲工程计算公式

本文提出了一个实用的高速斜穿甲公式.它是根据本文提出的高速碰撞时应以应力冲量.而不是以应力本身作为破坏参数而导出的.所得公式与大量已有试验数据相符得很好.     

非饱和黄土中椭球形扩孔问题弹塑性解析

在非饱和土统一强度准则中引入非饱和原状黄土黏聚力与基质吸力拟合公式,采用改变孔型系数k的方法并结合边界条件、平衡方程及应力协调方程,推导了排水与不排水条件下椭球形扩孔在ξ平面内的弹性区与塑性区应力-应变场、塑性区半径及极限扩孔压力的解析解,并利用MATLAB软件分析了基质吸力、强度准则和剪胀对解析解的影响.结果表明:不同排水条件下非饱和黄土有效应力均随孔型系数k及基质吸力的增大而增大;当参数r/r_p一定时,在排水条件下,有效应变随剪胀系数h及基质吸力的增大而增大,且后者的影响程度更大;在同等条件下,b=1时双剪应力强度准则下的有效应力-应变均大于b=0时的Mohr-Coulomb强度准则.     

功能梯度梁在热-机械荷载作用下的几何非线性分析

基于经典梁理论，运用虚功原理和变分法推导了均匀变温场与横向均布荷载联合作用的功能梯度梁的几何非线性控制方程.考虑端部不可移夹紧边界条件，运用打靶法求解了该两点边值问题.当横向均布荷载为0时，考察了功能梯度梁的热屈曲临界升温和屈曲平衡路径.当均匀变温与横向均布荷载都不为0时，考察了功能梯度梁的荷载 挠度曲线.数值结果表明:随材料体积分数指数增加，梁的有量纲热屈曲临界升温显著减小，后屈曲变形显著增加；变温对功能梯度梁的荷载 挠度曲线影响非常显著.发现了功能梯度梁的双稳态构形及其转换现象，梁的最终平衡位形不但与变温及荷载参数有关，还与加载历程有关.     

复合材料三角形网格加筋圆锥壳体位移型稳定性方程及其总体稳定性分析

本文采用Donnell型扁壳理论,首先利用最小势能原理和广义平均筋条刚度法推导出用位移分量表示的复合材料三角形网格加筋叠层圆锥壳体的稳定性方程,考虑了蒙皮最一般的拉弯与拉扭耦合关系和加筋筋条的偏心效应,并讨论了该方程的基本性质.根据外压实验观察结果,通过选取适当的位移分量表达式,并运用Galerkin法分析了在均布外压作用下复合材料三角形网格加筋叠层圆锥壳体总体稳定性,得到了临界载荷的解析表达式,并对某一类C/E复合材料三角形内网格加筋圆锥壳体的临界外压进行了计算,所得理论值与实验结果很好地吻合.最后,讨论了有关参数对临界载荷的影响.本文所建立的新方程和所得结果对于航空航天结构非常有用.     

带复合型摩擦裂纹的圆盘动态断裂实验有限元分析

为验证考虑裂纹面接触和动态荷载时,中心裂纹巴西圆盘（CCBD）试件用于分离式Hopkinson压杆（SHPB）系统中测量脆性材料复合型动态断裂韧度的可行性,以及研究裂纹面接触对动态断裂韧度实验结果的影响.通过有限元法建立SHPB CCBD三维有限元模型,计算了不同加载条件下CCBD试件的动态应力强度因子（DSIF）.结果表明:在实验中,将考虑裂纹面接触的应力强度因子(SIF)准静态公式推广为动态公式,需要判定断裂时间是否达到应力平衡的时间条件;压剪复合型加载时,裂纹面接触导致裂纹面应力变化,会对Ⅱ型裂纹的DSIF产生显著影响,不考虑裂纹面接触的影响将会导致Ⅱ型DSIF的测试值偏大.     

纯弯曲矩形截面梁Ⅰ型单边裂纹端部的应力应变场及裂纹失稳扩展临界应力的计算

本文应用文[1]的分析方法,研究了纯弯曲矩形载面梁Ⅰ型单边裂纹端部的应力应变场,给出了裂纹尖端的应力应变分量和计算裂纹端部弹性变形区和变形强化区宽度的公式以及计算裂纹失稳扩展临界应力的方程组。最后用计算实例对裂纹失稳扩展临界应力方程组进行了验证,最大误差不超过0.18%.     

扁球壳在均布压力与均匀温度场联合作用下的屈曲

根据扁壳几何非线性理论,推导了均布压力与均匀温度场联合作用下的扁球壳的位移型几何非线性控制方程.考虑夹紧边界条件,采用打靶法得到了扁球壳轴对称弯曲与屈曲的数值结果.讨论了壳体几何参数对平衡路径、临界荷载的影响.给出了壳体临界几何参数.当几何参数大于临界几何参数时,上、下临界荷载都随几何参数增加而增加.给定几何参数时,考察了不同均匀温度场对壳体上、下临界荷载、临界几何参数以及平衡构型的影响.均匀升温会使上临界荷载显著增加,会使下临界荷载略有减小.均匀变温会使临界几何参数改变.     

水库淡水冰剪切强度试验研究

对红旗泡水库淡水冰开展了剪切强度系列试验,累计得到236个试样的剪切强度数据.分析了剪切强度随温度、剪切应变速率以及加载方向的变化规律.通过试验结果得到剪切强度随剪切应变速率的变化规律,利用统计分析得出峰值剪切强度与冰温度的试验关系.同时分析了水库冰各向异性特点,产生不同加载方向下剪切强度的差异.     

纵筋加强圆柱壳在轴压下失稳后强度分析

本文介绍了纵筋加强圆柱壳在轴压下失稳后的强度分析.本文用的是塑性分析法,它是Murray分析加筋板在轴压和弯曲下失稳后行为的一种推广.按失稳后试件变形描绘纵筋屈曲和壳板皱折的机构. 最后对理论分析和钢试件的试验结果进行了比较.理论结果和试验数据吻合度良好,故它可用于分析纵筋加强圆柱壳失稳后的强度和估算与碰撞研究有关的能量吸收能力.     

扁球壳在热-机械荷载作用下的稳定性分析

基于扁壳几何非线性理论,应用虚功原理和变分法推导了均匀变温场中圆底扁薄球壳在均布外侧压力作用下的位移型几何非线性控制方程.考虑周边不可移简支边界条件,运用打靶法计算获得了不同几何参数的扁球壳轴对称弯曲变形的数值结果.定义了壳体临界几何参数.考察了壳体几何参数对平衡路径和临界荷载的影响.当壳体几何参数大于壳体临界几何参数时,上临界荷载随几何参数的增加单调增加,下临界荷载在很小范围内随几何参数的增加而增加,之后随几何参数的增加而减小.给定几何参数时,考察了不同均匀温度变化对壳体临界几何参数、临界荷载和平衡构型的影响.均匀升温使上临界荷载显著增加,使下临界荷载和临界几何参数显著减小.     

Deformability and strengh of expanded polystyrene (EPS) under short-term shear loading

Data obtained in investigating the ultimate strength and deformability of expanded polystyrene under short-term shear loading according to EN 12090 are discussed. Linear regression equations are used for describing the ultimate shear strength and modulus in relation to the density of EPS. A correlation is found to exist between the ultimate strength of EPS and its density and specimen thickness. An empirical dependence between the shear modulus and density of EPS is established. The strains corresponding to the conditional limit of proportionality and to the ultimate shear strength of EPS in short-term loading are determined. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 121–134, January–February, 2007.     

Mindlin板几何非线性分析的附加内部剪应变法

本文在几何非线性分析的Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ板元中引入单元附加内部剪应变，有效地解决了薄板情况下的剪切自锁问题．文中导出了相应的能量相容条件，给出了有限元非线性列式的全过程及有关簿板及中厚板大挠度问题的数值结果．     

Magnetohydrodynamic shear flow along a flat plate with uniform suction or blowing

An analysis is made of the steady shear flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid past an electrically insulating porous flat plate in the presence of an applied uniform transverse magnetic field. It is shown that steady shear flow exists for suction at the plate only when the square of the suction parameter S is less than the magnetic parameter Q. In this case the velocity at a given point increases with increase in either the magnetic field or suction velocity. The shear stress at the plate increases with increase in either S or the free-stream shear-rate parameter σ₁ or Q. The analysis further reveals that solution exists for steady shear flow past a porous flat plate subject to blowing only when the square of the blowing parameter S₁ is less than Q. It is found that the induced magnetic field at a given location decreases with increase in Q. Further the wall shear stress decreases with increase in S₁. No steady shear flow is possible for blowing at the plate when S₁² > Q. Received: June 16, 2004; revised: October 24, 2004     

A proof of Howard’s conjecture in homogeneous parallel shear flows

A rigorous mathematical proof of Howard's conjecture which states that the growth rate of an arbitrary unstable wave must approach zero, as the wave length decreases to zero, in the linear instability of nonviscous homogeneous parallel shear flows, is presented here for the first time under the restriction of the boundedness of the second derivative of the basic velocity field with respect to the vertical coordinate in the concerned flow domain.     

一种新的计算Timoshenko梁截面剪切系数的方法

Timoshenko梁理论中考虑了截面剪切变形的影响,推导了一种新的计算剪切系数的方法,首先采用悬臂梁纯弯曲变形条件下截面剪应力分布的精确解,基于能量原理得到了各种梁截面剪切系数新的表达式,然后推导了弯扭耦合变形条件下截面剪应力分布的精确解,进一步获得了该条件下截面的剪切系数.结果表明,悬臂梁端面作用力偏离截面的弯曲中心将使剪切系数变小,通过与Cowper计算结果的对比发现结果偏小,其原因是Cowper没有考虑与外力垂直的剪应力的影响,因此新的计算结果更优越.     

Stresses in an elastic plate lying over a base due to strip-loading

The closed-form analytic expressions for the stresses at any point of an elastic plate coupling in different ways to a base as a result of a two-dimensional shear strip-loading are obtained. The contact between the horizontal layer and the base is either smooth-rigid or rough-rigid or welded. The variations of the shear stresses with the horizontal distance have been studied numerically. It is found that the effect of different boundary conditions on the stress field is significant and the stresses for an elastic layer lying over an elastic half-space differ considerably from those of an entire homogeneous elastic half-space.     

On Howard’s conjecture in heterogeneous shear flow problem

Howard’s conjecture, which states that in the linear instability problem of inviscid heterogeneous parallel shear flow growth rate of an arbitrary unstable wave must approach zero as the wave length decreases to zero, is established in a mathematically rigorous fashion for plane parallel heterogeneous shear flows with negligible buoyancy forcegΒ ≪ 1 (Miles J W,J. Fluid Mech. 10 (1961) 496–508), where Β is the basic heterogeneity distribution function). An erratum to this article is available at .     

Distribution of magnetic shear angle at the ascending phase of CYCLE 23

Using the vector magnetograms observed at Huairou Solar Observing Station of National Astronomical Observatories, the magnetic shear angles of solar active regions at the ascending phase of cycle 23 (1996-2000) were calculated. It is found that the statistical distribution of the magnetic shear angles can be fitted well by Gaussian curves. And the dominant sign of the magnetic shear angles is negative (positive) in the northern (southern) hemisphere. It is consistent with the N-S sign asymmetry of force-free field constant α and current helicity.     

Bounds on the phase velocity in the linear instability of viscous shear flow problem in the β-plane

Results obtained by Joseph(J. Fluid Mech. 33 (1968) 617) for the viscous parallel shear flow problem are extended to the problem of viscous parallel, shear flow problem in the beta plane and a sufficient condition for stability has also been derived.     

Gliding motion of bacteria on power‐law slime

The present investigation deals with an undulating surface model for the motility of bacteria gliding on a layer of non‐Newtonian slime. The slime being the viscoelastic material is considered as a power‐law fluid. A hydrodynamical model of motility involving an undulating cell surface which transmits stresses through a layer of exuded slime to the substratum is examined. The non‐linear differential equation resulting from the balance of momentum and mass is solved numerically by a finite difference method with an iteration technique. The manner in which the various exponent values of the power‐law flow affect the structure of the boundary layer is delineated. A comparison is made of the power‐law fluid with the Newtonian fluid. For the power‐law fluid with respect to different power‐law exponent values, shear‐thinning and shear‐thickening effects can be observed, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.