激波管风洞中叶栅测压实验与计算研究

本文利用激波管平面叶栅风洞在四种工况下进行了某叶型叶表压力分布测量实验。该类短周期实验方式的测量精度是值得关注的大问题，为此文中对实验误差及短周期实验测量的合理性进行了分析。继而将实验数据与两种模型下的数值计算结果进行了比较，其中实验结果与按实际情况建立的模型１计算结果吻合。通过实验结果与模型２计算结果比较发现，实验中存在着影响叶栅通道流动周期性的因素，本文仔细分析了该因素可能产生的影响，为今后对该风洞实验段进行改造提供了基础。     

短周期涡轮实验的非稳态效应研究

近年来,短周期实验在涡轮研究领域得到了越来越广泛的应用,但是短周期实验过程中流场参数是不断变化的,这可能给实验结果带来不利的影响,降低了短周期实验的精度.本文针对某涡轮的短周期气动性能实验,通过非定常数值方法模拟了短周期实验过程中涡轮落压比和涡轮转速非稳态变化的过程,分析了短周期实验非稳态效应对实验结果的影响.数值模拟的结果表明.非稳态效应对涡轮扭矩、焓降、流量和效率的影响基本与单位压强变化率和单位转速变化率呈线性关系,非稳态效应对效率造成的误差通常在0.3%以内.本文使用的方法,可以推广到其他类型的短周期涡轮实验中用于分析实验非稳态效应,对于提高短周期实验台的精度、推广短周期实验技术是有意义的.     

激波管风洞中全尺寸涡轮试验的若干气动问题

暂冲式涡轮实验台是促进涡轮部件技术进步的关键设施．本文对激波管风洞全尺寸涡轮实验台若干气动问题进行了研究，结果表明：在暂冲式风洞中，涡轮建立稳态流场所需时间正比于涡轮叶排的轴向尺寸和折合流量．激波管风洞、喷管、实验段间匹配非常关键．     

IET短周期涡轮实验台模拟高空涡轮性能试验研究

本文介绍了中国科学院工程热物理研究所(IET)短周期涡轮实验台的结构、特点和试验过程,参照高空台对航空发动机模拟高空试验的要求,对短周期涡轮试验台和长周期高空台发动机模拟试验进行了比较,探讨了利用短周期实验台进行模拟高空涡轮性能试验的可行性.通过一个低压模型涡轮的试验,验证了本实验台在进行涡轮模拟高空性能试验方面的功能和可信性,从而拓展了本实验台的使用领域.试验获得的模型涡轮的设计点性能以及变工况特性,为研究低雷诺数条件下涡轮内部流动机理和设计提供了丰富的实验数据.     

超音速涡轮叶栅气动性能实验及分析

利用中国科学院工程热物理研究所和哈尔滨汽轮机厂合建的暂冲式超音速平面叶栅风洞,在详细校核进口流动均匀性、出口流动周期性及叶栅中部流动二元性的基础上,详细测试了三套超音速涡轮叶栅在设计和非设计等三个攻角状态下的气动性能及叶片表面压力分布,为超音速涡轮叶栅的后续研究积累了翔实的实验资料。     

短周期涡轮实验台快速阀设计计算及试验分析

本文介绍了短周期涡轮实验台关键设备之——快速阀的工作原理,建立了数学模型和计算方法,进行了设计性能计算。分别在大气和真空条件下对快速阀进行了调试和测量,并对计算和实验结果进行了分析。     

间隙尺寸对叶栅气动特性影响的实验研究

本文在低速风洞上对叶顶间隙尺寸为0.036 m的常规直叶栅的间隙中分面和上、下游及栅内的气动参数进行了详细的测量,并与黄洪雁博士对相同叶栅测量的0.023 m间隙尺寸下的实验数据进行了比较。通过对实验结果的分析和讨论,认为叶顶间隙的存在将在涡轮叶栅内引起沿叶高指向上端壁的二次流动,从而改善了下半叶展的流动性能,恶化了上半叶展的流动状态。在较大间隙下泄漏流动更加趋近上端壁,增强了壁面剪切效应,从而使得较大间隙的总压损失大于较小间隙。     

基础实验试题A-2和A-3:毛细管中液体的流动及风洞实验

介绍了第7届全国大学生物理实验竞赛基础实验试题A"流体的流动"中的第二部分"毛细管中液体的流动"和第三部分"风洞"的内容,并给出了参考答案及竞赛结果分析.第二部分试题包括基于泊肃叶定律的倾斜毛细管测量液体黏度及根据毛细管中液体流动的物理状态与雷诺数的关系进行的实验拓展.第三部分涵盖研究乒乓球在风洞内受到的摩擦阻力与风速...     

短周期实验台涡轮机匣换热实时测量初探

本文简单介绍了采用铂膜单膜热流计和高速动态采集系统进行实时表面温度和热流率测量的原理和系统,并利用中国科学院工程热物理研究所的暂冲式短周期涡轮实验台进行了涡轮机匣换热的实时测量.测量所得的机匣表面实时温度与热流率呈现良好的周期性,并与涡轮转速相对应的高压动叶叶片通过频率相吻合.机匣表面实时温度的波动幅值极小,不超过0.4℃,而实时热流率的波动幅值达到几万瓦每平方米的量级.     

二维高超声速后台阶表面传热特性实验研究

高超声速后台阶流动是大气层内高速飞行器发动机设计、表面热防护以及高超声速拦截器红外成像窗口气动光学效应校正等诸多先进高超声速技术研发过程中所涉及的一类基础流动问题. 研究高超声速后台阶流动特性对有效提升飞行器综合性能, 进一步掌握高超声速流动机理具有重大基础 意义. 本文以二维高超声速后台阶流动为研究对象, 在KD-01高超声速激波风洞中测量了二维后台阶模型表面传热系数和表面静压, 并将实测台阶下游表面传热系数分布同采用高超声速边界层理论所得估计值进行了比较. 为进一步验证实验结果, 使用NPLS技术测量了其中一种实验状态下台阶周围流动结构. 研究发现, 对于二维高超声速后台阶流动, 台阶下游表面传热分布受台阶处边界层外缘流动特性的直接影响; 在台阶下游分离区和再附区内, 气体黏性占主导作用; 在台阶下游远场区域, 边界层流动特性趋同于平板边界层; 下游边界层基本结构取决于台阶处边界层相对厚度. 对高超声速后台阶流动, 若使用数值模拟方法研究气动热问题, 应当使用湍流模型.     

短脉冲激光刻蚀加工铜材料的机制

 利用数值模拟方法,研究波长1 064 nm、脉冲宽度介于1~20 ps的激光在刻蚀铜靶时,单次脉冲作用下非平衡场刻蚀和热平衡刻蚀两种机制的竞争过程。结果表明：随着脉冲宽度的增加,刻蚀过程由非平衡电荷分离场刻蚀占主导地位转变为热平衡刻蚀起主要作用,且脉冲宽度和激光峰值功率密度增大到一定程度后,各种电子加速机制在不同时刻开始突显,电子能量分布出现多峰结构。在能量密度为15 J/cm2的激光作用下,1和5 ps脉宽对应的非平衡场刻蚀深度分别为110和101 nm,10和20 ps脉宽分别为25和18 nm。     

Particle image velocimetry in aerodynamics: Technology and applications in wind tunnels

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is increasingly used for aerodynamic research and development. The PIV technique allows the recording of a complete flow velocity field in a plane of the flow within a few microseconds. Thus, it provides information about unsteady flow fields, which is difficult to obtain with other experimental techniques. The short acquisition time and fast availability of data reduce the operational time, and hence cost, in large scale test facilities. Technical progress made in the last years allowed DLR to develop a reliable, modular PIV system for use in industrial wind tunnels. The features of this system are summarized and results of recent PIV applications are presented.     

Four dimensional bolus tagging imaging of pulsatile flow

Inversion bolus tagging MR methods were used to provide a graphic depiction of the axial velocity in three spatial dimensions for pulsatile flow through complex geometries. Visualization of the flow field was readily apparent, and a train of tagged boli were depicted providing an immediate overview of the displacement of flowing fluid over the entire pulsatile cycle. Tagging efficiency obtained using adiabatic inversion pulses was improved compared to that with a windowed sinc pulse. Results from phantom experiments on steady flow were correlated with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. The use of 3D methods reduced spatial partial volume effects, and the displacement of boli in a steady flow experiment correlated well with CFD simulations. The use of adiabatic inversion pulses resulted in sharp edged inversion regions with good retention of longitudinal magnetization. However in order to keep the pulse duration short, of the order of 2-5 ms, a rather large RF amplitude had to be used. The inversion bolus tagging method is useful in visualizing the flow field in multiple levels for pulsatile fluid flowing through complex geometries, and may be useful in fluid dynamic applications.     

Picosecond x-ray laser interferometry of dense plasmas

We present the first results from picosecond interferometry of dense laser-produced plasmas using a soft x-ray laser. The picosecond duration and short wavelength of the 14.7 nm Ni-like Pd laser mitigates effects associated with motion blurring and refraction through millimeter-scale plasmas. This enables direct measurement of the electron-density profile to within 10 microm of the target surface. A series of high-quality two-dimensional (2D) density measurements provide unambiguous characterization of the time evolution in a fast-evolving plasma suitable for validation of existing 1D and 2D hydrodynamic codes.     

Stagnation point transient heat flux measurement analysis from coaxial thermocouples

The transient heat flux measurement at stagnation point is a significant solicitation at highly compressed flow field environment. In aerodynamics surface heating point of view, the estimation of stagnation heat fluxes at the tip of a blunt body is very imperative. When the blunt body is exposed to high-speed flow field environments, at the stagnation point heat transfer would be maximum. The coaxial surface junction thermocouples (CSJTs) are convenient for short duration time scale due to the fast response in the range of millisecond or less (?0.1 ms). These robust CSJTs have the tractability of intensifying them directly on any type of surface and can be used for routine measurement in ground-based impulse amenities as a temperature measuring devices where rapid heat loads are anticipated. In this work, three different types of coaxial thermocouples K-type, E-type, and J-type have been designed and contrived. The microstructural analysis of measuring surface property has been carried out to see the surface morphology using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESME) and chemical characterization of these CSJTs materials using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) technique is used to verify qualitatively appraise the CSJTs materials composition. The thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR) and sensitivity (S) of each coaxial thermocouple have been determined by using oil-bath calibration technique with the linear variation of resistance corresponding to the variation of temperature and found that these coaxial thermocouples are highly sensitive and suitable for highly transient heat transfer measurements. For this purpose, these three types of CSJTs have been tested under highly compressed heated air 310 K temperature for 100 ms at pressure 6.1 bar with Mach number unity (M = 1) using compressor test rig. Numerical simulation has also been carried out with these three RTDs to satisfy the experimental parameters using Ansys Fluent 15.0 and typical transient temperature recorded. Surface heat fluxes recovered from experimental and numerical transient temperatures histories using semi-infinite heat conduction modeling having good agreement with accuracy ±3% or less. This study divulges the expertise of these handmade coaxial thermocouples for transient surface heat flux measurement for short durations at highly compressed air facilities.     

Study on the effect of laser parameters on wakefield excitation in femtosecond pulsed laser–plasma interaction using PIC method

Propagation of an intense short laser pulse through under-dense plasma can produce huge amplitude plasma wake field. A 3D particle in cell (PIC) method was used to simulate the wakefield generation for different laser parameters such as intensity, pulse duration, spot size and temporal pulse shape. Our study shows that the amplitude of wakefield is increased with laser intensity, but it is decreased with spot size. The results for pulse shape and pulse duration depend on their optimum values.     

脉冲束流引出时的等离子体鞘层变化

采用一维无碰撞的动力学鞘层模型计算了脉冲等离子体在恒压引出时的等离子体鞘层厚度变化,分别对短脉冲和长脉冲放电时的离子源发射面演变进行了分析。结果表明:对于短脉冲放电,发射面位置的变化相对等离子体密度的变化存在一定时间的延迟;对于长脉冲的上升沿和直流放电的开启阶段,鞘层厚度变化的速度与离子初始速度相关,稳定后发射面的位置与离子初始速度和等离子体密度的乘积相关。     

Bursts of coherent synchrotron radiation in electron storage rings: a dynamical model

Evidence of coherent synchrotron radiation has been reported recently at the electron storage rings of several light source facilities. The main features of the observations are (i) a radiation wavelength short compared to the nominal bunch length, and (ii) a coherent signal showing recurrent bursts of duration much shorter than the radiation damping time, but with spacing equal to a substantial fraction of the damping time. We present a model of beam longitudinal dynamics that reproduces these features.     

激光尾流场的2.5维粒子模拟

 用2D3V PIC粒子模拟方法分析了超短脉冲超强激光在稀薄等离子体中激发尾流场的产生过程及电子在尾流场中的加速过程。“前向Raman散射”使得激光脉冲沿传播方向拉长，脉冲的尾部变陡，它导致静电场的相速度和饱和时超热电子的最大动能明显减小，也使得激发尾流场的最佳脉冲宽度变小。     

Generation of a magnetic field in a weakly inhomogeneous plasma interacting with a short laser pulse

The generation of a quasistationary magnetic field in a plasma interacting with a weakly focused low-intensity short laser pulse has been studied. It has been shown that the magnetic field changes direction at times comparable with the free path time of effective electrons. Generation also occurs after the switching off of the short pulse and the maximum field is proportional to the duration of the pulse and is reached at times larger than the free path time of the suprathermal electrons.