流体饱和标准线性粘弹性多孔介质中的平面波

研究了流体饱和不可压标准线性粘弹性多孔介质中平面波的传播和反射问题.在固相骨架小变形的假定下,得到了粘弹性多孔介质中波动方程的一般解,讨论了弥散关系和波的衰减特性.结果表明:在流体饱和不可压粘弹性多孔介质中,仅存在一个耦合纵波和一个耦合横波,纵波和横波的波速、衰减率等取决于孔隙流体与固相骨架间的相互作用以及固相骨架本身的粘性.同时,研究了半空间自由边界上入射波(纵波、横波)的反射问题,得到了非均匀反射波的波速、反射系数、衰减率等的表达式及其相关的数值结果.     

一维流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质层的动力响应

本文研究了不可压流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质层的一维动力响应问题。基于粘弹性理论和多孔介质理论,在流相和固相微观不可压、固相骨架服从粘弹性积分型本构关系和小变形的假定下,建立了不可压流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质层一维动力响应的数学模型,利用Laplace变换,求得了原初边值问题在变换空间中的解析解,并利用Laplace逆变换的Crump数值反演方法,得到原动力响应问题的数值解。数值研究了饱和标准线性粘弹性多孔介质层的动力响应,分析了固相位移、渗流速度、孔隙压力及固相有效应力等的响应特征。结果表明,与不可压流体饱和弹性多孔介质相同,不可压流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质中亦只存在一个纵波,并且固相骨架的粘性对动力行为有显著的影响。     

多孔介质平板通道强迫对流中热局部非平衡时的热应力

根据微观不可压饱和多孔介质热-力-流相互作用的一般理论,在固相骨架小变形的假定下,考虑固相和流相相互作用的粘性耗散,研究了多孔介质平板通道强迫对流热局部非平衡的热应力问题.建立了问题的热-力数学模型,根据饱和多孔介质的平衡方程,在固相骨架只存在横向位移的假定下,求解了固相骨架的位移和相应的热应力,数值考察了各种物性参数对热应力分布的影响,讨论了热局部平衡模型的适用性.     

不可压饱和多孔Timoshenko梁动力响应的数学模型

基于饱和多孔介质理论,假定孔隙流体仅沿梁的轴向运动,论文建立了横观各向同性饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁动力响应的一维数学模型,通过不同的简化,该模型可分别退化为饱和多孔梁的Euler-Bernoulli模型、Rayleigh模型和Shear模型等.研究了两端可渗透Timoshenko简支梁自由振动的固有频率、衰减率和阶梯载荷作用下的动力响应特征,给出了梁弯曲时挠度、弯矩以及孔隙流体压力等效力偶等随时间的响应曲线,并与饱和多孔弹性Euler-Bernoulli简支梁的响应进行了比较,考察了固相与流相相互作用系数、梁长细比等的影响.可见,固相骨架与孔隙流体的相互作用具有粘性效应,随着作用系数的增加,梁挠度振动幅值衰减加快,并最终趋于静态响应,Euler-Bernoulli梁的挠度幅值和振动周期小于Timoshenko梁的挠度幅值和周期,而Euler-Bernoulli梁的弯矩极限值等于Timoshenko梁的弯矩极限值.     

不可压饱和粘弹性多孔介质固结问题的Gurtin型变分原理

基于多孔介质理论,在固相骨架和孔隙流体微观不可压,固相骨架小变形且满足线性粘弹性积分型本构关系的假定下,利用卷积积分的性质,本文首先建立了以固相骨架位移、孔隙流体相对速度和孔隙流体压力为宗量的流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质固结问题的一个Gurtin型变分原理.其次,利用Lagrange乘子法解除相关的变分约束条件,建立了流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质固结问题的若干广义Gurtin型变分原理,包括第三类的Hu-Washizu型变分原理.最后,简单讨论了等价初边值问题的相应变分原理.这些Gurtin型变分原理的建立不仅丰富了饱和粘弹性多孔介质的相关理论,而且为相关数值模拟方法,如有限元法、无网格法等的建立奠定了理论基础.     

不可压饱和多孔弹性简支梁的动力响应

在杆件弯曲小变形的假定下,考虑杆件的侧向变形因素,根据多孔介质理论,本文首先建立了不可压饱和多孔弹性梁弯曲变形时动力响应的控制方程。其次,基于所建立的控制微分方程,利用变量分离法,研究了两端可渗透的饱和多孔弹性简支梁在梁中间集中载荷作用下的动力响应,得到了不同物性参数下简支梁动态弯曲时挠度和孔隙流体压力等效力偶等随时间的响应曲线。研究发现由于孔隙流体和固相骨架的相互作用,不可压饱和多孔弹性梁挠度的动力响应具有粘性特征,同时,随着时间的增加,饱和多孔弹性梁的挠度、弯矩等最终趋于经典弹性梁的静挠度、弯矩,此时,孔隙流体压力为零,梁的固相骨架承担所有的外载荷。     

横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质中平面波的传播

基于孔隙介质的Ｂｉｏｔ理论１，研究了横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质中平面波的传播特性。首先导出了波传播的特征方程并给出了其解析解，结果显示：有４种不同波速的平面体波传播；第一准纵波，第二准纵波，准横波和反平面横波。文中给出了波速和衰减的解析表达式，数值计算了频散曲线和衰减曲线，并讨论了各类准体波位移之间的耦合关系。     

不可压饱和粘弹性多孔介质的变分原理及其无网格模拟

基于饱和多孔介质理论,在固相和液相微观不可压,固相骨架小变形且满足线性粘弹性积分型本构关系的假定下,建立了流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质动力响应的若干Gurtin型变分原理,包括Hu-Washizu变分原理.利用所建立的变分原理,导出了流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质动力响应无网格数值模拟的离散控制方程,此方程是一个关于时间的对称微分方程组,便于分析计算.作为数值例子,研究了流体饱和粘弹性多孔柱体的一维动力响应,数值结果揭示了流体饱和粘弹性多孔柱体中波的传播特性以及固相粘性的影响.     

流体饱和多孔介质黏弹性动力人工边界

基于Biot流体饱和多孔介质本构方程,分别考察具有辐射阻尼性质的外行柱面波和球 面波在圆柱面和球面人工边界上引起的法向、切向应力的表达式. 在应力表达形式上,固相 介质和孔隙流体的法向和切向应力都是由两项组成,它们分别与质点的位移和速度成正比, 因此,可在人工边界的法向和切向设置连续分布的并联弹簧------黏滞阻尼器,用来模拟人工边 界以外的无限域介质对来自有限计算域的外行波动的能量吸收作用,从而形成了流体饱和多 孔介质的黏弹性动力人工边界. 流体饱和多孔介质的黏弹性动力人工边界可方便地与大型通 用软件结合,用于分析饱和土中复杂的结构-地基动力相互作用问题. 算例表明流体饱和多 孔介质黏弹性动力人工边界具有较好的精度和稳定性.     

饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁的拟静力弯曲

在经典单相Timoshenko梁变形和孔隙流体仅沿多孔梁轴向运动的假定下,基于不可压饱和多孔介质的三维理论,论文首先建立了横观各向同性饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁拟静力弯曲的一维数学模型,并给出了相应的边界条件.其次,利用Laplace变换及其数值逆变换,分析了端部不同渗透条件下,饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁在端部梯载荷作用下的拟静力响应,给出了饱和多孔Timoshenko悬臂梁弯曲时挠度、弯矩以及孔隙流体压力等效力偶等随时间的响应曲线,并与饱和多孔Euler-Bernoulli悬臂梁的响应进行了比较,考察了梁长细比对弯曲响应的影响.数值结果表明:固相骨架与孔隙流体的相互作用具有粘性效应,梁弯曲的拟静态挠度具有蠕变行为,端部渗透条件对梁的弯曲变形有显著的影响,并且,饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁的拟静态响应亦存在Mandel-Cryer现象.     

Inhomogeneous plane waves in viscous fluids

The propagation of elliptically polarised inhomogeneous plane waves in a linearly viscous fluid is considered. The angular frequency and the slowness vector are both assumed to be complex. Use is made throughout of Gibbs bivectors (complex vectors). It is seen that there are two types of solutions—the zero pressure solution, for which the increment in pressure due to the propagation of the wave is zero, and a universal solution which is independent of the viscosity.Since the waves are attenuated in time, the usual mean energy flux vector is not a suitable way of measuring energy flux. A new energy flux vector, appropriate to these waves is defined, and results relating it with energy dissipation and energy density are obtained. These results are related to a result derived directly from the balance of energy equation.     

Plane waves in a semi-infinite fluid saturated porous medium

The field equations governing the propagation of waves in an incompressible liquid-saturated porous medium are investigated and a general solution is presented. It has been revealed that coupled longitudinal and transverse waves propagate in the porous medium. The propagation of transverse waves in the fluid phase is completely due to the interaction between the solid and fluid phases. The dispersion relationship and attenuation features are discussed. Unlike other investigations, all explicit forms of the arguments are derived. The reflection of the plane harmonic waves at the plane, traction-free boundary, which shows the influence of the dissipation on the velocity, and the attenuation coefficients of the reflected waves is studied. It is of interest that pore pressure is produced in the process of reflection, even in the case of the incidence of transverse waves.     

A linear dynamic model for a saturated porous medium

A linear isothermal dynamic model for a porous medium saturated by a Newtonian fluid is developed in the paper. In contrast to the mixture theory, the assumption of phase separation is avoided by introducing a single constitutive energy function for the porous medium. An important advantage of the proposed model is it can account for the couplings between the solid skeleton and the pore fluid. The mass and momentum balance equations are obtained according to the generalized mixture theory. Constitutive relations for the stress, the pore pressure are derived from the total free energy accounting for inter-phase interaction. In order to describe the momentum interaction between the fluid and the solid, a frequency independent Biot-type drag force model is introduced. A temporal variable porosity model with relaxation accounting for additional attenuation is introduced for the first time. The details of parameter estimation are discussed in the paper. It is demonstrated that all the material parameters in our model can be estimated from directly measurable phenomenological parameters. In terms of the equations of motion in the frequency domain, the wave velocities and the attenuations for the two P waves and one S wave are calculated. The influences of the porosity relaxation coefficient on the velocities and attenuation coefficients of the three waves of the porous medium are discussed in a numerical example.     

基于积分方程方法的弹性波多重散射计算

运用积分方程方法计算了含多个随机分布椭圆柱型孔洞的随机非均匀介质中相干波的速度和衰减系数,分析了这种介质的频散特性。首先,建立了散射位移场满足的积分方程,推导了单个椭圆柱孔洞的散射截面计算公式。接着分析了在含多个随机分布椭圆柱型孔洞的随机非均匀介质中弹性波的多重散射,给出在统计平均意义下的相干波的波速和衰减系数计算公式。然后用Matlab进行了编程,给出了一个数值算例,并将计算结果与波函数展开法进行了比较,分析了随机空隙介质的频散特征及其孔洞椭圆偏心率和材料空隙率的影响。     

川藏公路地质环境与整治改建方案的思考

川藏公路由于地质环境复杂、建设标准低、后遗病害多,抗灾能力差,泥石流、滑坡、山崩、雪害、水毁等自然灾害频繁发生,公路阻车断道严重。国家投入巨资进行整治改建,并取得了明显的效果,但由于自然环境特殊、影响因素复杂,许多特大型、大型工程地质病害问题还没有可行、可靠的解决方案。本文通过分析川藏公路沿线的地质环境和灾害特点,总结历年整治改建和经验的教训,提出川藏公路建设的途径、可能达到的目标和应采用的原则。     

On energy flux and group velocity

Inhomogeneous plane wave solutions to the wave equations for a linear isotropic elastic solid and a linear isotropic dielectric are shown to possess energy flux velocity vectors which are non-coincident with corresponding group velocity vectors.In contrast to free surface waves, these examples imply a driving constraint and have an associated non-zero Lagrangian energy density.     

Propagation of Thermo-Elastic Waves at Several Typical Interfaces Based on the Theory of Dipolar Gradient Elasticity

The reflection and transmission properties of thermo-elastic waves at five possible interfaces between two different strain gradient thermo-elastic solids are investigated based on the generalized thermo-elastic theory without energy dissipation(the GN theory). First, the function of free energy density is postulated and the constitutive relations are defined. Then,the temperature field and the displacement field are obtained from the motion equation in the form of displacement and the thermal transport equation without energy dissipation in the strain gradient thermo-elastic solid. Finally, the five types of thermo-elastic interfacial conditions are used to calculate the amplitude ratios of the reflection and transmission waves with respect to the incident wave. Further, the reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of energy flux ratio are calculated and the numerical results are validated by the energy conservation along the normal direction. It is found that there are five types of dispersive waves, namely the coupled longitudinal wave(the CP wave), the coupled thermal wave(the CT wave), the shear wave, and two evanescent waves(the coupled SP wave and SS wave), that become the surface waves at an interface. The mechanical interfacial conditions mainly influence the coupled CP waves, SV waves, and surface waves, while the thermal interfacial conditions mainly influence the coupled CT waves.     

Inhomogeneous plane waves in compressible viscous fluids

The propagation of inhomogeneous plane waves in a compressible viscous fluid is considered. The frequency and the slowness vector are both allowed to be complex. There are seen to be two types of solutions: (a) two transverse waves, which involve no density or pressure fluctuations, (b) a longitudinal wave, which involves no fluctuations in vorticity. For each type, a propagation condition is obtained giving the (complex) squared length of the slowness vector as a function of frequency. Each depends also on the viscosities. It is seen how to recover the incompressible case as the limit in which the inviscid acoustic wave speed tends to infinity. Each wave is shown to be linearly stable for real frequencies. These waves are attenuated in space and time but nevertheless it is possible to define constant weighted mean values (over a cycle of the propagating part of the wave) of the energy density, energy flux and dissipation. The energy-dissipation equation and the propagation conditions are used to derive relationships between these constant weighted means, some of which are generalizations to compressible fluids of previously known results for incompressible fluids. Explicit expressions in terms of frequency are given for the weighted means.     

Waves in Nonlocal Elastic Solid with Voids

In this paper, the governing relations and equations are derived for nonlocal elastic solid with voids. The propagation of time harmonic plane waves is investigated in an infinite nonlocal elastic solid material with voids. It has been found that three basic waves consisting of two sets of coupled longitudinal waves and one independent transverse wave may travel with distinct speeds. The sets of coupled waves are found to be dispersive, attenuating and influenced by the presence of voids and nonlocality parameters in the medium. The transverse wave is dispersive but non-attenuating, influenced by the nonlocality and independent of void parameters. Furthermore, the transverse wave is found to face critical frequency, while the coupled waves may face critical frequencies conditionally. Beyond each critical frequency, the respective wave is no more a propagating wave. Reflection phenomenon of an incident coupled longitudinal waves from stress-free boundary surface of a nonlocal elastic solid half-space with voids has also been studied. Using appropriate boundary conditions, the formulae for various reflection coefficients and their respective energy ratios are presented. For a particular model, the effects of non-locality and dissipation parameter (\(\tau \)) have been depicted on phase speeds and attenuation coefficients of propagating waves. The effect of nonlocality on reflection coefficients has also been observed and shown graphically.