分散固相萃取/分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定甘蓝中的拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

采用分散固相萃取和分散液液微萃取方法,建立了气相色谱法快速检测甘蓝中氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯及氰戊菊酯4种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的分析方法。使用乙腈作为萃取溶剂,经乙二胺-Ｎ-丙基硅烷固相萃取吸附剂净化提取液,分散液液微萃取将农药富集到50μL二甲苯中后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行分析。考察了萃取溶剂的种类与体积、分散剂体积及盐效应等因素对分散液液微萃取萃取效率的影响。结果表明：除氟氯氰菊酯在0.01~0.1mg/L范围外,其余3种拟除虫菊酯农药均在0.01~5.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9979~0.9992;加标浓度为0.02~0.5μg/g时,除氟氯氰菊酯外其他拟除虫菊酯农药的平均回收率为81.9%~93.5%,相对标准偏差为9.5%~20.7%。该方法简单、高效、重现性好、富集倍数高,可用于甘蓝中拟除虫菊酯类农药的快速检测。     

分散固相萃取-分散液液微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定西瓜中氟唑菌酰羟胺残留

采用分散固相萃取和分散液液微萃取联用的方法,建立了高效液相色谱快速检测西瓜中氟唑菌酰羟胺残留的分析方法。使用乙腈和水混合溶液作为萃取溶剂,经N-丙基-乙二胺硅烷(PSA)固相萃取吸附剂净化提取液,分散液液微萃取将目标物富集到1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷溶剂中,采用高效液相色谱进行分析。考察了萃取溶剂的种类与体积、分散剂体积及盐浓度等因素对分散液液微萃取萃取效率的影响。结果表明：分析物的质量浓度在0.01~5mg/L范围内与峰面积的线性关系良好,相关系数（r）为0.9999,定量下限(S/N=10)为0.01mg/kg。加标水平为0.01、0.1、1mg/kg时,平均回收率为89.2%~94.5%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为3.0%~8.7%。该方法简单、高效、灵敏度高,适用于西瓜中氟唑菌酰羟胺的残留检测。     

Application of in-situ formed polymer-based dispersive solid phase extraction in combination with solidification of floating organic droplet-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of neonicotinoid pesticides from milk samples

An in-situ formed polymer–based dispersive solid phase extraction in combination with solidification of floating organic droplet-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed for the extraction of neonicotinoid pesticides from milk samples. The extracted analytes were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector. In this approach, after precipitating the proteins of milk using a zinc sulfate solution, the supernatant phase (containing sodium chloride) was transferred into another glass test tube, and a homogenous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone and a suitable water-miscible organic solvent was rapidly injected into it. By this step, the polymer particles were re-produced and the analytes were extracted onto the sorbent surface. In the following step, the analytes were eluted with an appropriate organic solvent to use in the following solidification of floating organic droplet-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction step that was done to acquire the low limits of detection. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory results consisting of low limits of detection (0.13–0.21 ng/ml) and quantification (0.43–0.70 ng/ml), high extraction recoveries (73%–85%), and enrichment factors (365–425), and good repeatability (relative standard deviations equal or less than 5.1% and 5.9% for intra- and inter-day precisions, respectively) were obtained.     

Magnetic solid-phase extraction using Schiff base ligand supported on magnetic nanoparticles as sorbent combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction of phenols from water samples

ABSTRACT

In this work, the magnetic sorbent was developed by covalent binding of a Schiff base ligand, N,N’-bis(3-salicyliden aminopropyl)amine (salpr), on the surface of silica coated magnetic nanoparticles (Salpr@SCMNPs). The core-shell nanoparticle was applied for the magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) of phenolic compounds from water samples prior to gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC?FID). Characterisation of the Salpr@SCMNPs was performed with different physicochemical methods such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Variables affecting the performance of both extraction steps such as pH of the water sample, the sorbent amount, the desorption conditions, the extraction time; and extraction solvent were studied. Under the optimised conditions, the analytical performances were determined with a linear range of 0.01–100 ng mL^?1 and a limit of detection at 0.003–0.02 ng mL^?1 for all of the analytes studied. The intra-day (n = 5) and inter-day (n = 3) relative standard deviations (RSD%) of three replicates were each demonstrated in the range of 6.9–8.9% and 7.3–10.1%, respectively. The proposed method was executed for the analysis of real water samples, whereby recoveries in the range of 92.9–99.0% and RSD% lower than 6.1% were attained.     

分散固相萃取-分散液液微萃取结合气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定茶叶中7种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

将分散固相萃取和分散液液微萃取(d-SPE-DLLME)相结合,并与气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)联用,建立了快速测定茶叶中7种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)净化,四氯化碳(CCl4)浓缩萃取后,采用GC-MS/MS进行分析。以全发酵红茶为基质,考察了提取剂种类、萃取剂的种类和体积、分散剂体积以及萃取时间对萃取效率的影响。以乙腈为提取剂进行分散固相萃取,在进行分散液液微萃取时,以200μLCCl4为萃取剂,1mL乙腈为分散剂,萃取时间为1min。结果表明,7种拟除虫菊酯类农药在10~500μg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好,定量下限为1.0~10.0μg/kg。7种农药在4种茶叶(红茶、绿茶、乌龙茶和黑茶)中4个添加水平下的平均回收率为75.4%~113.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)不大于8.8%。该方法具有简单、快速、成本低、检出限低的特点。应用所建立的方法对12种市售茶叶样品进行检测,结果满意。     

Application of solid-phase microextraction in analytical toxicology

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a miniaturized and solvent-free sample preparation technique for chromatographic–spectrometric analysis by which the analytes are extracted from a gaseous or liquid sample by absorption in, or adsorption on, a thin polymer coating fixed to the solid surface of a fiber, inside an injection needle or inside a capillary. In this paper, the present state of practical performance and of applications of SPME to the analysis of blood, urine, oral fluid and hair in clinical and forensic toxicology is reviewed. The commercial coatings for fibers or needles have not essentially changed for many years, but there are interesting laboratory developments, such as conductive polypyrrole coatings for electrochemically controlled SPME of anions or cations and coatings with restricted-access properties for direct extraction from whole blood or immunoaffinity SPME. In-tube SPME uses segments of commercial gas chromatography (GC) capillaries for highly efficient extraction by repeated aspiration–ejection cycles of the liquid sample. It can be easily automated in combination with liquid chromatography but, as it is very sensitive to capillary plugging, it requires completely homogeneous liquid samples. In contrast, fiber-based SPME has not yet been performed automatically in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography. The headspace extractions on fibers or needles (solid-phase dynamic extraction) combined with GC methods are the most advantageous versions of SPME because of very pure extracts and the availability of automatic samplers. Surprisingly, substances with quite high boiling points, such as tricyclic antidepressants or phenothiazines, can be measured by headspace SPME from aqueous samples. The applicability and sensitivity of SPME was essentially extended by in-sample or on-fiber derivatization. The different modes of SPME were applied to analysis of solvents and inhalation narcotics, amphetamines, cocaine and metabolites, cannabinoids, methadone and other opioids, fatty acid ethyl esters as alcohol markers, γ-hydroxybutyric acid, benzodiazepines, various other therapeutic drugs, pesticides, chemical warfare agents, cyanide, sulfide and metal ions. In general, SPME is routinely used in optimized methods for specific analytes. However, it was shown that it also has some capacity for a general screening by direct immersion into urine samples and for pesticides and other semivolatile substance in the headspace mode.     

石墨相氮化碳材料在样品前处理中的研究进展

作为一种新型非金属材料,石墨相氮化碳以其独特的优点,如简单的制备方法、优良的化学及热稳定性、良好的生物兼容性和无毒性等,受到越来越多的关注。石墨相氮化碳及其复合材料目前已被广泛应用于电催化、光催化、生物成像等领域。由于具有大的比表面积,同时又是富电子的疏水材料,石墨相氮化碳相关材料被认为是一种理想的样品前处理吸附剂。该文探讨了近年来石墨相氮化碳及其复合材料作为固相萃取、分散固相萃取、磁性固相萃取、固相微萃取吸附剂在样品前处理中的应用,并对未来的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望,以期为相关领域的研究提供帮助。     

用于化学毒剂检测的微萃取技术研究进展

对化学毒剂及其降解产物的分析检测是准确鉴别化学沾染的重要手段.由于化学毒剂及其降解产物的样品可能存在于各种基质中,且部分化学毒剂在水体等基质中降解速度过快,所以将痕量样品从复杂基质中快速高效的富集提取出来显得尤其重要.微萃取技术具有装置体积小、使用少量或不使用溶剂、绿色环保、易与色谱分析技术联用等突出优势受到广泛的关注...     

微萃取技术在环境分析中的应用

微萃取技术是近年来出现的绿色样品前处理技术。它具有操作简便、环境友好等优点,并且在环境、医药及食品等领域得到广泛的应用。本文仅就固相微萃取和液相微萃取在环境分析中的应用作一简要综述。     

Concentration and distribution of 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in seawater from the Japan Sea northward to the Arctic Ocean

Seventeen classic organochlorine pesticides in surface seawater were studied in terms of their composition pattern as well as their distribution pattern in the areas covering the Japan Sea,Okhotsk Sea,Bering Sea,Chukchi Sea and Arctic Ocean.Their concentrations varied,but roughly two levels were seen with one ranging between 0.1 and 1 ng L-1 for most HCH isomers and the other lower than 0.1 ng L-1 for other chemicals.Of the 17 target compounds,HCHs were dominant with a total concentration percentage general...     

分散液液微萃取技术的研究进展

分散液液微萃取是一种基于传统液液萃取的新型样品前处理技术。该文以分散液液微萃取技术中萃取剂的筛选为出发点,综述了低密度萃取剂、辅助萃取剂、反萃取剂和离子液体等低毒性萃取剂在该技术中的应用,以及应用自制装置、溶剂去乳化、悬浮萃取剂固化,辅助萃取,反萃取和离子液体-分散液液微萃取等萃取模式;并简要评述了该技术与液液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、分散固相萃取、基质固相分散萃取、超临界流体萃取、超声辅助萃取等其他样品前处理技术的联用特性。     

Comparison of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on organic solvent and ionic liquid combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of emodin and its metabolites in urine samples

In this paper, two methods based on organic solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (OS-DLLME) and ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography have been critically compared for analyzing emodin and its metabolites (aloe-emodin, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, rhein, danthron, chrysophanol and physcion) in urine samples. Several important parameters influencing the extraction recoveries of DLLME were carefully optimized. Under optimal conditions, the enrichment factors (EFs) for emodin and its metabolites by OS-DLLME and IL-DLLME were within the range of 90-295 and 63-192 respectively; the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=3) for intra-day and inter-day precision were lower than 7.2 and 8.7% by OS-DLLME, and lower than 5.7 and 6.4% by IL-DLLME; the recoveries of emodin and its metabolites were from 87.1 to 105% for OS-DLLME and from 94.8 to 103% for IL-DLLME, respectively. There were no significant deviations between the two methods for the determination of emodin and its metabolites. From the results of HPLC/UV of urine sample after DLLME, the metabolites aloe-emodin, rhein, chrysophanol and physcion were identified by comparing the retention times with the standards. From the results of HPLC/MS, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid and danthron as unreported metabolites of emodin were found.     

无溶剂固相微萃取技术

对SPME原理、操作模式、影响灵敏度的因素、应用和其发展前景作了介绍。     

石墨烯及其复合材料在样品前处理中的应用

样品前处理新技术与方法研究是现代分析化学的重要研究课题与发展方向之一。固相萃取是目前应用最为广泛的样品前处理技术,其技术核心是吸附材料,因此开发新型吸附材料是样品前处理领域的研究热点。石墨烯是一种新型碳纳米材料,由于其良好的物理化学性质,在短短几年内迅速成为众多学科的研究热点。其高比表面积、良好的化学稳定性和热稳定性使之在分离科学领域得到广泛的应用。本文系统综述了石墨烯及其复合材料在样品前处理中的应用研究,主要包括其作为固定相在固相萃取、固相微萃取、磁固相萃取等技术在环境、食品、生物等样品前处理中的应用。     

杯[4]芳烃顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法快速分析环境样品中的多氯联苯

本文以多氯联苯(PCBs)模拟水样为实验样品,优化了杯[4]芳烃探头顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)的分析条件,并将杯[4]芳烃探头和商用PDMs探头对PCBs的萃取效果进行了比较。利用杯[4]芳烃-HS-SPME法与USEPA608法同时测定了模拟水样和典型污染地区环境样品中的多氯联苯。研究结果表明：杯[4]芳烃SPME探头对样品中高氯代PCBs的萃取效果优于商用PDMs探头;杯[4]芳烃-HS-SPME和USE-PA608法对同一样品的检测结果一致;该法对水样中PCBs的检出限达1～6ng／L,比USEPA608法的灵敏度提高近3个数量级。     

Volatile components of vine leaves from two Portuguese grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.), Touriga Nacional and Tinta Roriz,analysed by solid-phase microextraction

The purpose of this work was to study the volatile composition of vine leaves and vine leaf infusion prepared from vine leaves collected at 30 and 60 days after grape harvest of two Vitis vinifera L. species. Eighteen volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in vine leaves and in vine leaf infusions. It was observed that the volatile compounds present in vine leaves are dependent on the time of harvest, with benzaldehyde being the major volatile present in vine leaves collected at 30 days after harvesting. There are significant differences in the volatile composition of the leaves from the two grape cultivars, especially in the sample collected at 60 days after grape harvest. This is not reflected in the volatile composition of the vine leaf infusion made from this two cultivars, the more important being the harvesting date for the volatile profile of vine leaf infusion than the vine leaves grape cultivar.