菲涅尔太阳能聚光镜的设计

讨论并设计了一种超薄的菲涅尔聚光镜,根据费玛原理设计出以非球面为截面的中心折射区域和T IR(内部全反射)棱镜为锯齿部分的折反区域,用ZEMAX软件优化得到最佳聚光态,并利用ZEMAX软件模拟出菲涅尔聚光镜聚光性及其能量分布,最终得到总厚度仅为30 mm的折反复合型菲涅尔聚光镜。实验结果表明:折反复合型菲涅尔聚光镜不仅能提高太阳能的利用率,同时也使会聚到光电池表面上的能量分布更均匀,复合式菲涅尔聚光镜的性能优于传统的菲涅尔聚光镜。     

大型菲涅耳透镜的设计和制造

介绍一种大口径六环组合光学玻璃大型菲涅耳透镜的光学设计原理、整体工艺方案、各个球面环带的工艺计算和加工方法 ;讨论了大型菲涅耳透镜的光学胶合以及整体扇型切割成型方法 ;给出了研制成功大型菲涅耳透镜的光学检测结果。     

用于人体姿态估计传感的菲涅尔透镜设计

随着虚拟现实和体感游戏的兴起,人体姿态估计越来越受到关注。针对基于热释电红外传感器的人体姿态估计系统中的菲涅尔光学微结构透镜进行设计,在分析了锥形偶次非球面的理论公式后,计算得到各级非球面系数。通过仿真分析,当材料选为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）,探测器采用6个敏感元面积为2×1 mm2、视场角为100°×100°的LHI968探测器时,得到菲涅尔透镜整体尺寸为28 mm×32 mm,前表面曲率半径为43.7 mm,后表面曲率半径为45.2 mm,中心厚度为0.6 mm。最终仿真结果显示,各探测器光能利用率分别为96.70%、94.8%、96.95%、97.75%、90.65%和90.15%,可以满足对人体不同部位红外光的响应,从而实现人体姿态的精确估计。     

New design of ferroelectric solar cell combined with luminescent solar concentrator

A new transparent photovoltaic panel composed of a luminescent solar concentrator and Al/BaTiO_3/ZnO/Pt ferroelectric solar cells is presented, in which a portion of the incoming solar illumination is converted by the fluorophores to ultraviolet(UV) light which is then absorbed by ZnO. Firstly, the solar cells are simulated using Atlas–Silvaco. Then, the panel is modelled based on the obtained solar cell characteristics. This panel would be of great importance for building integrated photovoltaics domain because of its high transparency.     

Measurements of the distribution of the flux of energy in the focus of a solar concentrator with visualization techniques

Summary This work analyses the setting-up of an optical head which allows the visualization of a section of the distribution of the flux of energy along the focal axis of optical systems in general and of solar concentrators in particular. A circular-type solar concentrator, with the reflector consisting of a plastic lamina aspirated by means of a pump, has been built. The distribution of the energy flux in the focus of this concentrator has been calculated by the theoretical method. Results are compared with experimental data obtained by means of the optical head.

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Riassunto Questo lavoro analizza la messa a punto di una testa ottica che consente la visualizazione di una sezione della distribuzione del flusso di energia lungo l'asse focale di sistemi ottici in generale e in particolare di concentratori solari. è stato realizzato un concentratore solare di tipo circolare, con riflettore costituito da una lamina di plastica aspirata mediante una pompa. La distribuzione del flusso energetico nel fuoco di questo concentratore è stata ricavata per via teorica. è stato fatto un confronto con misure sperimentali ottenute mediante la testa ottica.

     

Design of off-axis reflective projection lens using spherical Fresnel surface

In this paper, an off-axis reflective projection lens with single Fresnel reflective surface and three aspheric surfaces were designed. The design method of reflective lens using spherical Fresnel surface is discussed. The MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) of the off-axis reflective lens, with optical magnification 100×, F-number 2.5 and field of view 120°, is over 40% at 0.6 lp/mm on the image side, the distortion is less than 2%. This design method can provide reference for application of Fresnel surface in wide field of view imaging, and possesses a bright future with the continuous development of fabrication technique.     

Aspheric surface lens for LED collimating illumination with low Fresnel loss

Optical Review - An aspheric surface lens is presented to realize collimating illumination with low Fresnel loss based on Fresnel equations and Snell’s law. The smooth 2D contour of...     

像面照度均匀的环带式菲涅尔透镜设计

为了解决太阳光经传统菲涅尔聚光镜聚光后太阳能电池接收面上的光强分布不均匀问题,设计了一种环带式菲涅尔聚光镜。根据菲涅尔环带设计方法,把接收面划分为与之对应的环带,使光线在经过菲涅尔聚光镜的表面环带后进入相应的接受面环带,减少了光能损失并提高了光强分布均匀性。给出了在350 nm ~760 nm波段范围内太阳张角角度为0.54°、口径200 mm、高宽比为0.65、聚光比为400的菲涅尔聚光系统设计实例,通过Tracepro模拟并分析了菲涅尔聚光镜的光学能力。结果表明:在接收面尺寸相同的情况下与参数相同的的传统匀光菲涅尔聚光镜相比,此环带菲涅尔透镜光斑能量分布均匀性达到75%。     

基于棱镜二次聚光的高倍聚光模组聚光特性与三结电池光谱响应匹配与优化

目前Ⅲ-Ⅴ多结高倍聚光(HCPV)太阳电池实验室效率记录已高达46%,而相对应的模组效率与之相差仍较大,其中由于模组中聚光非理想性引起的损失就高达20%.本文通过建立光学模型和非均匀光照的三维电池电路网络模型,以Ⅲ-Ⅴ族三结电池为例,研究了菲涅耳透镜一次聚光、棱镜二次聚光的HCPV模组的聚光特性和光电特性.结果发现.由于光线非平行入射和-菲涅耳透镜的色散现象,使得沿光轴方向短、中、长波段聚光发散及聚光不均匀,从而造成了三结电池的上、中、下各子电池光谱响应失配损失,模组光电转换性能下降;进一步,通过采用棱镜二次聚光,能较好地改善聚光和温度均匀性;通过对光轴方向上短、中、长波段的聚光特性与三结电池光谱响应匹配优化,使得模组输出功率提高10%以上.模拟结果己得到实验验证.     

基于自由曲面的LED全反射准直透镜的设计

为在特定角度范围内实现所需照明,满足各类LED照明系统的要求,提出一种适用于扩展光源的透射 全反射复合曲面的LED透镜设计方法。根据光源的大小由非成像光学原理确定反射面面型并计算光源发散角度,再根据照射的角度要求进行自由曲面的透镜设计。文章给出了设计思想及方法,并设计了一款出射半角为2.5的透镜实例,分析了误差对实际结果的影响。     

Experimental test on a gravity-controlled solar concentrator

Summary The low density of solar-radiation flow requires the use of concentrators having the greatest aperture and highest concentrations, within the limits of an installation cost to be kept as low as possible, to the end of utilizing solar energy for industrial purposes. The present work analyses a solar concentrator examined on the theoretical plane so as to satisfy, as far as possible, the above-mentioned requirements. An experimental test on the model of this concentrator has been carried out, to obtain data that enable one to establish quantitatively the concentration obtainable, through a simple method that suitably alters the surface of the reflector allowing the focal axis to remain fixed.

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Riassunto La bassa densità del flusso di radiazione solare richiede l'impiego di concentratori on le più grandi aperture e le più elevate concentrazioni, compatibilmente con un costo d'impianto che deve essere mantenuto il più basso possibile, al fine di utilizzare l'energia solare per scopi industriali. Il presente lavoro analizza un concentratore solare studiato sul piano teorico al fine di soddisfare, per quanto possibile, i requisiti precedentemente enunciati. Un test sperimentale su un modello di questo concentratore è stato condotto al fine di ottenere misure che permettono di stabilire quantitativamente la concentrazione ottenibile, attraverso un metodo semplice che deforma opportunamente la superficie del riflettore consentendo di mantenere l'asse focale fisso.

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Резюме Низкая плотность потока солнечной радиации требует применения концентраторов, имеющих большую диафрагму и наибольшие концентрации, но по возможности низкую стоимость, для использования солнечной энергии в индустриальных целях. В настоящей работе анализируется солнечный концентратор, исследованный в теоретическом плане, который удовлетворяет вышеуказанным требованиям. Проводится зкспериментальная проверка работы модели такого концентратора с целью получения данных для установления количественной оценки получаемой концентрации, используя простой метод, который позволяет изменить поверхность рефлектора, оставляя фиксированной фокальную ось.

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A work carried out within the Finalized Energy Programme of C.N.R.     

On focal shift and phase Fresnel lens

A physical interpretation of the focal shift is given based on geometrical optics. The results of an analytical study of the focal shift depending on the Fresnel numbers are presented. The effect of the aperture diameter and the width of the central zone of the phase Fresnel lens on the distribution of the light intensity along the axis upon illumination by a convergent light beam is analyzed.     

Fresnel problem and surface waves

The similarity and difference between the Fresnel problem, i.e., the problem of electromagnetic wave reflection and refraction, including that at the Brewster angle, and the problem of surface electromagnetic wave (SEW) excitation on a plane surface of a conducting medium is studied.     

等厚型平板菲涅尔透镜设计与研究

针对当前曲面菲涅尔透镜普遍存在的加工工艺复杂、面型精度难于控制、制作成本较高等问题,在研究非等厚型平板菲涅尔透镜设计方法的基础上,提出一种中心透镜为球面、外侧环带为倾斜面的等厚型平板菲涅尔透镜的设计方法,给出了具体的设计实例,并进行了建模和光学仿真,模拟结果表明:该菲涅尔透镜设计的光学效率达到90.7%。     

基于自由曲面的光纤照明用耦合透镜设计

提出一种基于自由曲面的光纤照明用耦合透镜的设计方法。通过非成像光学设计,以光学扩展量与折射定律为理论基础,自由曲面迭代优化,实现光源与光纤之间的低损耗耦合。仿真结果表明:以LED芯片作为光源,该透镜可以将光通量传导效率提高至89%以上,具有良好的应用和发展前景。     

微聚焦菲涅耳波带板聚焦特性研究

通过激光轰击Ti平面靶,用微聚焦菲涅尔波带板做成像器,测到了在放大倍数为66倍时X射线焦斑图像.利用Fresnel-Kirchhoff衍射积分公式数值模拟了微聚焦菲涅尔波带板的点扩展函数,模拟结果表明该微聚焦菲涅尔波带板在两倍焦距处强聚焦.改变物距和像距但保持透镜的物像距公式,也可得到类似的结果.模拟和实验表明微聚焦波带板可以应用于X射线点对点成像,实现激光等离子体X射线高空间分辨成像. 关键词： 菲涅尔波带板 Fresnel-Kirchhoff衍射 数值模拟 点扩展函数     

Thermal modeling and the optimized design of metal plate cooling systems for single concentrator solar cells

A metal plate cooling model for 400× single concentrator solar cells was established.The effects of the thickness and the radius of the metal plate,and the air environment on the temperature of the solar cells were analyzed in detail.It is shown that the temperature of the solar cells decreased sharply at the beginning,with the increase in the thickness of the metal plate,and then changed more smoothly.When the radius of the metal plate was 4 cm and the thickness increased to 2 mm or thicker,the temperature of the solar cell basically stabilized at about 53 C.Increasing the radius of the metal plate and the convective transfer coefficient made the temperature of the solar cell decrease remarkably.The effects of Al and Cu as the metal plate material on cooling were analyzed contrastively,and demonstrated the superiority of Al material for the cooling system.Furthermore,considering cost reduction,space holding and the stress of the system,we optimized the structural design of the metal plate.The simulated results can be referred to the design of the structure for the metal plate.Finally,a method to devise the structure of the metal plate for single concentrator solar cells was given.     

焦距法测试自聚焦透镜折射率分布常数

本文介绍了一种测量自聚焦透镜折射率分布常数的方法─—焦距法，并进行了原理公式推导，和精度分析，其测量不确定度为±１×１０￣（－３）；其次，简要地介绍了实验方法。实验结果证明了焦距法是测量自聚焦透镜折射率分布常数的简单实用的方法，它具有装置简单、数据处理也不复杂的特点，是一种非破坏性的测试方法。     

Principle and design approach of flat nano-metallic surface plasmonic lens

The principle of a flat nano-metallic surface plasmonic lens is analyzed based on phase matching and effective refractive index theory. The complex relationships between the macro-parameters such as focal length with other design freedoms, e.g. material properties of the lens, sheet thickness, slit width, and slit pitch, are disclosed as well. A set of tailored formulae are derived for the design of such a nano-metallic surface plasmonic lens. Several simplified implementations of the nano-metallic lens such as a lens with equidistant slits but bearing different widths, and a lens with equal slit widths but different pitches are given. The performance of the beyond-diffraction-limit focusing effect is given as well. PACS 02.60.Cb; 78.20.Ci; 71.36.+c; 78.68.+m