碾压混凝土坝层面影响带渐变规律分析模型

针对碾压混凝土坝层面影响带具有渐变特性，基于复合材料分析思想，利用串联和并联模型，建立了碾压混凝土坝层面影响带渐变规律分析模型；并根据模型的不同状况，提出了，确定层面影响带厚度瞬时弹性模量、延迟弹性模量以及粘性系数等的方法，揭示了决定层面影响带性质的主要计算参数的渐变规律，表征了层面的渐变特性；在上述研究的基础上，建立了相应的三维粘弹性分析模型，研制了相应的各部分分析程序；实例表明，提出的确定层面影响带主要计算参数的方法以及建立的分析模型比较好地反映了碾压混凝土坝的工作性态。     

碾压混凝土坝施工层面变形分析模型

针对碾压混凝土坝施工层面对大坝变形产生显著影响的问题,深入研究了施工层面的变化性质及规律,提出了层面不同阶段变形的模拟方法,建立了施工层面有厚度和无厚度分析模型,提出的模型能反映层面的弹性变形、衰减蠕变、不可逆变形以及加速蠕变等变形状态．实例分析表明:所提出的碾压混凝土坝施工层面有厚度和无厚度分析模型能较客观地模拟大坝的结构变化形态,尤其是施工层面有厚度分析模型较完整地模拟了层面的渐变规律,其计算结果与原位监测成果吻合较好．同时,提出的方法和建立的分析模型可推广应用于常规混凝土坝,特别是坝基内断层和夹层等变形规律的分析．     

基于遗传算法的岩体参数辨识研究

目前,对于岩体流固耦合分析研究已经很多,而耦合分析常常受困于计算参数的取值,因此对两场耦合模型中的计算参数反演分析是非常必要的.根据实测的水头、位移资料,利用遗传算法,建立了等效连续岩体渗流场与应力场耦合计算参数辨识模型.并对某算例在库水位下降情况下,以渗流场与应力场耦合正分析计算结果作为"实测值",进行两场耦合参数辨识分析.从参数辨识的结果来看,验证了所提出的思路、方法以及程序的正确性和可行性.两场耦合计算参数进行反演分.析,对于两场耦合模型的建立和计算结果的可靠性是非常有意义的.     

洼38块特稠油油藏流-固-热三场耦合规律研究

近年来,随着石油的不断开发开采,在研究高压注水,稠油热采等涉及到温度剧烈变化的研究领域中,油藏工作者难以通过经典的渗流力学理论和传统的油藏数值模拟方法得到有效、合理的解释,必须考虑到温度场、渗流场、应力场三场相互影响、相互作用、相互变化等相关变化因素.基于考虑热弹性的岩石应力一应变关系、地下流体运动定律、能量守恒定律,建立包括油水两相渗流控制方程、岩石变形体控制方程、温度场控制方程的稠油油藏三场耦合数学模型,运用全耦合算法实现同时求解所有耦合方程组,研究了应用有限元分析软件ADINA进行三场耦合规律的建模过程与方法.以小洼油田洼38块为例研究三场耦合规律.结果表明:距离井筒越近,其总位移、温度场、应力场、渗流场及岩石物性参数越会产生明显的变化;距离井筒越远,其变化越不明显.距离井筒越近的储层温度变化越剧烈,而距离井筒越远的储层温度变化越缓;井筒周围的温度变化呈现倒置漏斗形状,随着注水的不断进行,漏斗会逐渐平缓;最后储层各点的温度会平衡在同一温度水平线上,达到平衡状态.模型较为真实的模拟油藏实际开采情况.     

基于流-固耦合的水平缝压裂滤失规律研究

使用ABAQUS软件,建立了包含隔层和储层的层状多孔介质三维有限元模型,采用三维流固耦合实体单元和cohesive粘结单元描述岩石和裂缝的损伤行为.模拟直井水平缝的起裂和扩展以及液体滤失过程,分析得到了地质因素和工程因素对水平裂缝扩展参数的影响以及对滤失距离的影响,并进行了参数显著性分析,参数包括弹性模量、施工排量、渗透率、压力液粘度、地应力、孔隙压力和施工液量,最后利用模拟的规律认识指导实际井的压裂施工参数设计,压后效果显著.     

非饱和膨胀土的结构损伤模型及其在土坡多场耦合分析中的应用

针对原状膨胀土对气候变化反映敏感的特点和其具有胀缩性、裂隙性、超固结性等力学特性,以非饱和土力学和损伤力学为基础,建立了一个非饱和膨胀土的弹塑性损伤本构模型及相应的固结模型．把原状膨胀土看成是由未损部分和损伤部分的复合体,未损部分用非饱和土的非线性本构关系描述,损伤部分用损伤演化方程和两个屈服面（即,加载屈服面和剪切屈服面）描述．其中的损伤演化方程包括加载引起的损伤和干湿循环引起的损伤两个方面,用作者研制的CT-三轴试验确定．设计了相应的有限元程序UESEPDC;对非饱和膨胀土边坡进行了三相多场耦合问题的数值分析．分析分为4个阶段,得到了边坡在每一分析阶段的应力场、位移场、孔隙水压力场、孔隙气压力场、含水量场、基质吸力场、结构损伤演化场和塑性区扩展的动态图,较好地揭示了膨胀土边坡在开挖和气候变化条件下逐渐发生失稳滑动的现象及其机理．     

中厚度复合材料夹芯层板变分渐近精细模型

为准确预测对中厚度复合材料夹芯层板分层开裂至关重要的沿厚向应力/应变分布,利用板固有小参数将原三维板分析严格拆分为沿厚向的一维分析和二维板非线性分析,并将原三维能量渐近扩展为系列二维近似能量泛函;通过对近似能量泛函中主导变分项(含翘曲项)的渐近修正,得到与原三维模型尽可能接近的近似能量,从而构建无需任何场变量假设的精细模型,并转换为工程常用的Reissner模型形式．通过4层复合材料夹芯板柱形弯曲算例表明:基于所构建模型重构的三维场精度较一阶剪切变形理论和经典层合理论更好,与精确解基本一致;由于所构建的变分渐近模型为等效单层板模型,在保证足够精度的前提下,相比三维有限元计算可减少2~3阶计算量,在精确性和有效性间取得较好的折衷．     

高精度方法在面板堆石坝计算中的应用

1 引 言 混凝土面板碾压堆石坝(简称面板坝)是在美、澳、巴西等国迅速发展的一种新坝型,在我国列为七·五重点攻关项目。与其它坝型相比,它有许多优点,例如采用当地石料,用钢材与水泥很少,造价低;施工不受气候与场地限制,可快速施工,且安全可靠等。面板坝设计的关健是如何防止水库蓄水后因为面板开裂或周边缝张开过大而出现严重漏水。到目前为止,面板坝的设计还不完善,处于凭经验与工程类比阶段,有限元的计算研究正在进行中。 面板坝的设计计算有两个主要困难,一是力学模型,描述堆石体应力应变的本构关系本身不够成熟与准确。现在流行的力学模型大致有两类(都未考虑堆石体的流变特性):以Duncan模型为代表的非线性弹性模型及以沈珠江模型为代表的非线性弹塑性模型。我     

变温度荷载作用下半无限成层饱和介质的热固结分析

对半无限成层饱和多孔介质作用随时间变化的温度荷载的热固结问题进行解析求解．其中,热-水-力耦合线性弹性控制方程考虑了热渗效应和等温热流效应的影响．先采用Laplace变换求其在变换域上的解,然后用数值方法求逆变换．对半无限体表面作用呈指数衰减热荷载的双层体系进行研究,分析了两层介质热固结系数、弹性模量等的差异性对热固结特征的影响．研究表明:位移场和应力场对温度场的耦合作用可以忽略,而热渗效应对温度和孔压有显著影响．     

Elastic Analysis of Anisotropic Functionally Graded Rotating Disks With Non-Uniform Thicknesses北大核心CSCD

研究了任意梯度变化的变厚度各向异性转动圆盘的弹性问题.假设圆盘绕刚性轴匀速转动,其材料性能和厚度沿径向任意梯度变化.考虑圆盘在中心转轴处受位移约束,外侧自由,根据各向异性转动圆盘的平衡微分方程,得到关于径向应力的Fredholm积分方程,继而通过对Fredholm积分方程进行数值求解,得到结构的位移场和应力场.对具体梯度变化情况仅需代入相应梯度变化进行求解即可.数值算例部分,通过假设厚度、弹性模量等参数为特殊的幂函数形式,将由Fredholm积分方程求出的数值解与对应的精确解进行对比,以及针对常见的Voigt模型,将由该方法算得的数值解和ANSYS有限元计算结果进行对比,验证了该方法的准确性和精度.其次,针对Voigt模型,重点分析了厚度变化、材料性能梯度参数、各向异性度等对应力场和位移场的影响.提出了针对材料性能和厚度沿径向呈任意梯度变化的圆盘结构弹性分析方法,将为优化功能梯度圆盘的结构和材料参数、有效调整构件应力分布、提高结构安全性,提供强有力的工具;算例分析结果对功能梯度圆盘在复杂条件下的结构安全设计有重要的理论指导意义.     

Simulation and Analysis of Thermal Fatigue Based on Imperfection Model of Brake Discs

A non-linear FEM model of brake discs of high-speed trains with thermal-mechanical coupling has been established in ANSYS. The simulation and analysis of 3-D transient temperature field and stress field of brake discs have been carried out for the braking process. According to typical imperfections of brake discs, some imperfection models of brake discs have been developed and the thermal stresses of different models are obtained through simulation and analysis. By comparing results of different models, the influence of imperfection parameters, including the position, depth and size, is resulted for the thermal resistance of brake discs. (© 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Modelling of recrystallization behavior and austenite grain size evolution during the hot rolling of GCr15 rod

In this paper, four 3-D finite element models are developed to simulate the whole rod rolling process of GCr15 steel. The distribution and evolution of different field-variables, such as effective strain, effective strain rate and temperature, are obtained. Based on the simulated results and the microstructure evolution models of the steel, the paper designs a FORTRAN program to predict the evolution of recrystallization behavior and austenite grain size in rolled piece during the rolling. The surface temperatures of rolled piece calculated by FEM agree well with measured values. Comparison between calculated values and measured ones of grain size shows the validity of the program.     

Evaluación numérica del efecto del espesor de la placa de contacto en la acción de palanca en conexión de acero tipo «T»

This paper presents a numerical study of «T-Stub» steel connections using FEM analyses. In such connections prying action phenomenon may take place. Prying action effect on the bolts has been studied before but the location of the prying action forces has always been simplified. The effect of the thickness of «T-Stub» flanges on contact areas between flanges and support base is investigated in this paper. A 3D finite element model is used and interface elements are employed for the investigation. Nonlinear FE analyses are undertaken on connection with different flange thickness and bolt preload with two bolts. Nonlinear gap elements are used as interfaces. Discussion and conclusions on contact areas and stresses, prying action distributions and resultant of loads on bolts in the «T-Stub» connections are presented.     

3-D network model and its parameter calibration

A material model, whose framework is parallel spring-bundles oriented in 3-D space, is proposed. Based on a discussion of the discrete schemes and optimum discretization of the solid angles, a 3-D network cell consisted of one-dimensional components is developed with its geometrical and physical parameters calibrated. It is proved that the 3-D network model is able to exactly simulate materials with arbitrary Poisson ratio from 0 to 1/2, breaking through the limit that the previous models in the literature are only suitable for materials with Poisson ratio from 0 to 1/3. A simplified model is also proposed to realize high computation accuracy within low computation cost. Examples demonstrate that the 3-D network model has particular superiority in the simulation of short-fiber reinforced composites.     

有限元混合法自动网格划分技术分析贴边岔管

本文应用有限元混合法分析水电站贴边岔管于内水压力作用时的应力问题.岔管系当作为二个薄壳相交的组合壳体.由于需要计算大量的岔管,发展了自动网格划分技术用于有限元混合法.根据三个参数即二个交叉管道的轴线交角、管壁厚度及交叉口二管道直径之比,区分出八种网格,十二种单元信息,编出自动确定节点坐标及形成边界条件信息的程序,业已计算了101个岔管,计算效果优良.     

A three-dimensional dynamic model for train-track interactions

This paper develops a novel three-dimensional (3-D) train-track interaction model, where the train is modelled as a group of multi-rigid-body vehicles connected by coupler and gear draft systems, and the tracks are modelled as ballastless tracks using finite element method, and finally the train and the tracks are integrated into an entire system by train-rail coupling matrices. In this model, the time-dependent coupling matrices are developed to characterize the train-track interaction in 3-D space. Mostly important the difficulties in establishing dynamic equations of motion for train-track systems by matrix representations of wheel-rail separation and infinite length computation are properly solved. The numerical results show that this model has high efficiency, stability and accuracy in the calculation of train-track interactions. Besides this model can further provide insights into a number of railway dynamics related subjects, such as train-track dynamic assessment and train derailment.     

Numerical optimisation for induction heat treatment processes

This paper aims at introducing new approaches for designing and optimising induction heat treatment processes. Although the final objectives of induction heating processes may deal with some specific mechanical or metallurgical properties for manufactured parts, we shall primarily focus here on achieving an accurate control of temperature distribution and evolution in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). This objective can be formalised as a classical optimisation problem: we seek to minimise a cost function which measures the difference between computed and goal temperatures – along with some constraints on process parameters. We deal here with both zero-order algorithms – using a method based on Efficient Global Optimization algorithm which is an optimisation procedure assisted by a meta model – as well as first-order algorithms. These algorithms have been coupled with 2-D and 3-D finite element models developed in our laboratory; this model is based on a coupling procedure between Maxwell equations and heat transfer models, and has been extended to mechanical and metallurgical computations.     

Theory of vibration-damping polymeric coatings

Conclusions 1. An approximate method for calculating the characteristics of vibration-damping polymeric coatings of complex construction, based on equations of the theory of multilayer plates and shells, has been developed.2. The dimensionless parameters of the theory of multilayer plates and shells, g and h/r, are the basic quantities which determine the effectiveness of a damping coating.3. An increase in number of layers in the coating, while preserving the overall thickness of the packet and an assigned ratio between the thicknesses of the polymeric and rigid layers, exerts only a small effect on the effectiveness of the coating.Moscow Power Institute. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 2, pp. 269–276, March–April, 1978.