非晶态Co-P-B催化剂在1-辛烯氢甲酰化反应中的应用

通过化学还原法制备了不同Co/P和P/B摩尔比的Co-P-B非晶态催化剂. 采用XRD, ICP-Mass和氮气吸附-脱附等温线对催化剂的性质进行了表征. 在5.0 MPa和120 ℃条件下, 以1-辛烯的氢甲酰化为模型反应, 对Co-P-B催化剂的活性进行了评价, 并与Co-B及Co-P催化剂进行了比较. 结果表明, 非晶态Co-P-B催化剂对1-辛烯氢甲酰化反应具有良好的活性和选择性. 催化剂中P, B和Co的摩尔比、结构及比表面积等性质影响催化剂的活性和选择性, 添加适量的P有助于提高转化率和选择性. 在Co-P-B(Co摩尔分数为85.4%, P摩尔分数为3.3%)催化剂上, 1-辛烯的转化率为97.2%, C9-醛的选择性达到99.5%.     

Co-B非晶态合金超细微粒的热稳定性与催化性能研究

利用化学还原法制备了Co—B非晶态合金超细微粒，用电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP)、电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、BET、表面积测试及X光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对新鲜样品及经过不同温度热处理后的样品进行了表征，并用微型催化反应装置评价其CO H2催化性能．结果表明，经过热处理后的样品不仅其表面组成和结构状态发生了变化，而且其催化性能也发生了明显变化，同时还表明非晶态Co—B合金超细微粒具有比其晶态更高的催化活性和独特的选择性。     

新型负载水相催化剂（SAPC）的制备及其在丙烯氢甲酰化反应中的应用

以新型水溶性二磺化 - 1-苯基二苯并膦 (简称 PDBPDS)为配体 ,制备了铑膦配合物 Rh(acac) (CO ) -(PDBPDS) 3.将其负载于高吸水性载体上 ,制得负载水相催化剂 ,并对催化剂的制备条件进行了优化 .以人造沸石为载体 ,在载水量 30 % ,[Rh]=2 .0× 10 - 5、 [P]/ [Rh]=40的条件下 ,筛选出丙烯氢甲酰化反应的最佳工艺条件 .在反应温度 10 0℃、压力 2 .0 MPa、搅拌速度为 5 0 0 r/ m in条件下 ,催化剂活性达 10 12 g丁醛 / (g Rh· h) ;正异比高达 43.5 ;在有机相中铑的浓度为 1.2× 10 - 9,解决了均相反应催化剂回收和循环使用的问题 .实验结果表明 ,新型配体二磺化 - 1-苯基二苯并膦是一性能较好的新配体 ,所制备的新型负载水相催化剂是一有较好开发前景的新型催化剂     

负载型非晶态催化剂Ru-B/TiO2的制备及应用

本工作用浸渍法和沉淀法制得了两种负载型非晶态催化剂Ｒｕ－Ｂ／ＴｉＯ２「ｗ（Ｒｕ）＝５％」。Ｘ射线衍射和差动热分析实验结果证实了Ｒｕ以非晶态形式存在,这两种非晶态催化剂在温和条件下对苯和环己烯均具有很高的催化加氢活性并对ＣＳ２也有良好的抗毒性能,在９０℃,０．２２ＭＰａ条件下,苯在这两种非晶态催化剂上加氢生成环己烷的转化率分别为９９．４％和９１．０％;当环己烯中ＣＳ２的含量为２．５％时环己烯在这两种催化剂上的加氢转化率分别为１００％和３１．３％。     

Co-B/SBA-15非晶态催化剂应用于肉桂醛选择性加氢的研究

以介孔材料SBA-15作为载体,采用浸渍法制备Co-B/SBA-15非晶态催化剂,该样品仍然保持SBA-15特有的有序规整孔道结构,Co-B非晶态合金颗粒均匀分布在孔道内壁,采用普通SiO2载体制备的Co-B/ SiO2,Co-B颗粒主要分布在外表面.在肉桂醛选择性加氢制肉桂醇中,Co-B/SBA-15的催化活性和对肉桂醇的最佳得率显著高于Co-B/SiO2,主要归因于活性位的高分散,规整的孔道结构,以及独特的活性位团簇结构和电子态.     

负载型水相催化剂的制备及其在丙烯氢甲酰化中的应用

以ＳｉＯ２为载体,制备了负载型水相铑膦催化剂。在反应温度为１００－１１０℃,合成气ＣＯ：Ｈ２＝１：１,反应压力２．０ＭＰａ,「Ｒｈ」＝７．５×１０＾５,Ｐ／Ｒｈ＝２５的条件下,进行丙烯氢甲酰化反应。结果表明,时空收率可达１９４－２２８ｇ丁醛,正异比高达约１４．２,反应结束后催化剂与体系易分离,铑在有机相中的浓度仅为１×１０＾－９－４×１０＾－９,基本消除了铑的流失,克服了均相反应中催化剂铑的回收和     

羟基硅酸镁纳米管负载非晶态Co-B催化环己烯氢甲酰化

采用浸渍化学还原法制备羟基硅酸镁纳米管(MgSNTs)负载非晶态钴硼催化剂(Co-B/MgSNTs)。应用X衍射技术(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS),元素分析(ICP)和比表面积(BET)分析等手段对催化剂进行了表征。研究了催化剂对于环己烯氢甲酰化反应的催化活性及循环使用。研究结果表明,具有高比表面积(250 m2·g-1)、较强耐受性和稳定性的MgSNTs可以有效的分散金属粒子,防止活性中心团聚和流失,催化环己烯的转化率为75.8%,醛的选择性为65.8%,实验重复3次以上,催化剂依然保持良好的催化活性和选择性。     

新型水溶性配体-负载金属氢甲酰化催化剂:TPPTS-Rh/SiO2

考察了几种硅胶负载贵金属催化剂和HRhCO(TPP)3催化剂的1-己烯氢甲酰化反应,对Rh/SiO2、 HRhCO(TPPTS)3/SiO2 和TPPTS-Rh/SiO2上的1-己烯氢甲酰化结果进行了比较.结果表明, TPPTS-Rh/SiO2催化剂的醛的选择性和醛的正异比n/b接近HRhCO(TPPTS)3/SiO2 的相应的催化性能,而远高于Rh/SiO2的相应的催化性能, 7.0 MPa高压下TPPTS-Rh/SiO2催化剂的活性大幅度增加,达到0.0692 S-1.实验排除了其他可能,认为是含有孤对电子的TPPTS 和Rh/SiO2中高度分散的Rh粒子产生了化学键的作用,形成了具有匀相性能的支撑水膜多相催化剂: TPPTS-Rh/SiO2.     

碳纳米管负载铑催化剂上丙烯氢甲酰化

Effect of carbon nanotubes, as a novel support material, on the performance of Rh-catalyst supported by them was studied. Catalysts based on carbon nanotubes, SiO2, carbon molecular sieves, active carbon, and GDX-l02(a copolymer of styrene with divinylbenzene),were prepared, and their catalytic behaviors for propene hydroformylation were investigated and compared. The results showed that, over the carbon nanotubes-supported Rh-catalyst, C3H6 conversion and regioselectivity of butyric aldehyde (represented by n/i, a ratio of n-butyric aldehyde to its isomer, i-butyric aldehyde, in the products) were pronouncedly improved: the average turnover frequency(TOF) for the catalytic hydroformylation of propene was 0.079 s-1 at 393K, which was 2.1 times faster than that over the Rh catalyst based on SiO2, and the n/i ratio of the aldehyde products reached to 11.6, which was 1.9 times higher than that over the catalyst based on SiO2. The roles of six-membered C-ring at the surface of the carbon-nanotubes on the stability of the catalytically active Rh-complexes and of the tubular nano-channel on the spatiospecific seletivity of reaction intermediate state and butyric aldehyde produced were discussed.     

有机聚合物负载铑催化剂在氢甲酰化反应中的应用研究进展

氢甲酰化反应是工业上最重要的均相反应之一.该反应被广泛应用于醛的生产,生产的醛还可以进一步转为具有高附加值的醇、酸等衍生物.与均相反应相比,多相催化在催化剂循环、产物和催化剂分离等方面具有优势.近年来,有机聚合物负载铑催化剂在非均相的甲酰化反应中表现出优秀的催化活性、高的选择性和好的循环性等优点,因而受到广泛关注.总结了有机聚合物负载催化剂在氢甲酰化反应中应用研究进展,主要介绍了催化剂的合成、材料特点和应用,最后对发展前景进行了展望.     

Hydroformylation of 1-Octene over Nanotubular TiO2-supported Amorphous Co-B Catalysts

TiO₂ nanotubes supported amorphous Co-B(Co-B/TNTs) catalyst was prepared via impregnationchemical reduction procedure. The catalyst was characterized with transmission electron microscopy(TEM), ammonia temperature-programmed desorption(NH₃-TPD), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of temperature and ratio of CO to H₂ on the hydroformylation of 1-octene were studied. At an optimized reaction temperature(150℃) and volume ratio of CO to H₂(2:1), the conversion of 1-octene can reach 97.4% with a selectivity of 23.1% for total aldehydes and n/i-aldehyde molar ratio of 40:60. To obtain higher selectivity for linear aldehydes, Co-B/TNTs modified with triphenylphosphine for the hydroformylation of 1-octene were investigated. When molar ratio of P/Co was 4, the yield of total aldehydes was the highest(31.6%) with a good selectivity for linear product(n/i-aldehyde molar ratio was 70:30). In recycle use, the Co-B/TNTs catalyst modified with triphenylphosphine could be reused five times without reducing the activity and selectivity obviously. For a comparative study, all the Co-B/TNTs to catalyze the hydroformylation of other olefins exhibited high conversion under the optimized conditions.     

异丁烯氢甲酰化用负载型PPh3-Rh-Co/SiO2配合物高效催化剂

制备了SiO2担载的Rh-Co双金属配合物催化剂,用FT-IR、TPR和TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并用异丁烯氢甲酰化反应考察了催化剂的性能.结果表明,Co和Rh之间存在协同效应,这种协同效应可以促进二者在载体表面的分散;可以促进催化活性物种前驱物数量的增加,从而提高催化剂的催化性能;氢甲酰化反应产物中没有副产物特戊醛的生成;经过研究和优化,高效催化剂在2.5 MPa反应压力下5 b内异戊醛的平均产率可达1257.5 mol/mol-Rh·h.     

Co-B/γ-Al2O3非晶态催化剂的制备及其催化乳酸乙酯液相加氢性能

采用浸渍-还原法制备了负载型Co-B/γ-Al₂O₃非晶态合金催化剂, 并将其应用于乳酸乙酯液相加氢制备1,2-丙二醇(1,2-PDO)反应中, 研究了其催化加氢性能. 采用电感耦合等离子体(ICP)发射光谱仪、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂的性能进行了表征, 考察了制备条件对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明, 新鲜的Co-B/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂具有非晶态结构, Co-B均匀地分散在载体γ-Al₂O₃上. 随着Co负载量的增加, 催化剂的热稳定性提高, 催化剂表面Co/B原子比增加. 当金属Co理论负载量为30%(质量分数, w)时, Co-B/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂表现出最高的加氢催化性能, 在160 ℃, 氢气压力为6.0 MPa条件下反应9 h, 乳酸乙酯的转化频率(TOF)为1.41 h^-1, 转化率达到93.63%, 1,2-丙二醇的选择性达到96.10%. 催化剂的加氢性能取决于其分散均匀的Co-B纳米粒子、较高的表面Co/B原子比及Co和B之间的电子转移效应.     

Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol over Co-B Amorphous Catalysts Prepared by Chemical Reduction in Variable Media

Five Co-B amorphous alloy catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction in different media, including pure water and pure ethanol as well as the mixture of ethanol and water with variable ethanol content, Their catalytic properties were evaluated using liquid phase furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol as the probe reaction. It was found that the reaction media had no significant influence on either the amorphous structure of the Co-B catalyst or the electronic interaction between metallic Co and alloying B. This could successfully account for the fact that all the as-prepared Co-B catalysts exhibited almost the same selectivity to furfuryl alcohol and the same activity per surface area （ Rs ）, which could be considered as the intrinsic activity, since the nature of active sites remained unchanged. However, the activity per gram of Co （ R^mH ） of the as-prepared Co-B catalysts increased rapidly when the ethanol content in the water-ethanol mixture used as the reaction medium for catalyst preparation increased. This could be attributed to the rapid increase in the surface area possibly owing to the presence of more oxidized boron species which could serve as a support for dispersing the Co-B amorphous alloy particles.     

NiP非晶态合金的负载方法及催化剂的结构与催化性能

采用ＮｉＢ作为引导剂,使ＮｉＰ完全定向沉积到载体上,用ＩＣＰ,ＸＲＤ,ＤＳＣ,ＢＥＴ,ＴＥＭ对制备的负载型ＮｉＰ（Ｂ）催化剂进行表征,研究了这类催化剂对乙烯中微量乙炔的选择加氢性能,结果表明,ＮｉＰ（Ｂ）以超细颗粒分散到载体上,由于少量Ｂ的存在,使其比相应的ＮｉＰ或ＮｉＢ具有更高的热稳定性。非晶态ＮｉＰ（Ｂ）合金催化剂具有比相应的晶态合金更好的催化性能。低温氢气处理可以除去表面镍的氧化物,从而提高     

Zn对非晶态Co-B催化剂巴豆醛选择加氢性能的影响

考察了Zn的两种不同修饰方式对非晶态Co-B催化剂上巴豆醛液相加氢性能的影响, 并采用ICP, XRD, DSC, XPS等手段对催化剂进行了系统的表征. 实验表明, 当反应液中加入适量的ZnCl₂时, Zn^2＋离子一方面通过在活性位上的选择性吸附抑制C＝C键的加氢; 另一方面, Zn^2＋离子可通过极化作用使羰基活化, 令解离吸附氢对羰基的亲电进攻更容易, 从而提高羰基的加氢活性. 当ZnCl₂/Co摩尔比为5%时, 羰基加氢产物巴豆醇的最高得率为36 mol%, 达到文献较高水平. 催化剂制备时加入的ZnCl₂在催化剂中以Zn(OH)₂的形式存在, 并使催化剂中的Co, B氧化物增多. 这些氧化物无选择性地覆盖了活性位, 使羰基和C＝C键的加氢速率以相似的程度下降, 这样不仅不能有效提高巴豆醇的选择性, 还使催化剂活性急剧降低.     

Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Cinnamyl Alcohol over An Ultrafine Co—B Amorphous Catalyst

A novel Co-B amorphous alloy catalyst in the form of ultrafine particles was prepared by chemical reduction of CoCl2 with aqueous NaBH4, which exhibited excellent activity and selectivity during the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol in liquid phase. The optimum yield of cinnamyl alcohol was 87.6%, much better than the yield of using Raney Ni, Raney Co and other Co-based catalysts.