Singlet oxygen‐induced protein aggregation: Lysozyme crosslink formation and nLC‐MS/MS characterization

Singlet molecular oxygen (¹O₂) has been associated with a number of physiological processes. Despite the recognized importance of ¹O₂‐mediated protein modifications, little is known about the role of this oxidant in crosslink formation and protein aggregation. Thus, using lysozyme as a model, the present study sought to investigate the involvement of ¹O₂ in crosslink formation. Lysozyme was photochemically oxidized in the presence of rose bengal or chemically oxidized using [¹⁸O]‐labeled ¹O₂ released from thermolabile endoperoxides. It was concluded that both ¹O₂ generating systems induce lysozyme crosslinking and aggregation. Using SDS‐PAGE and nano‐scale liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, the results clearly demonstrated that ¹O₂ is directly involved in the formation of covalent crosslinks involving the amino acids histidine, lysine, and tryptophan.     

分子氧选择性氧化醇类的研究进展

综述了分子氧化剂的醇类液相催化氧化的新进展。分别介绍了均相催化、水/有机两相催化、氟两相催化和液固多相催化体系。重点讨论了精细有机合成中有广泛应用前景的绿色氧化方法。预测了均相催化剂的多相化是今后工业化发展的趋势。     

Impact of photosensitized oxidation and singlet oxygen on degradation of stabilized polymers

Photooxidation, an important component of polymer weathering, involves excited polymer-inherent chromophores and photoactive additives and impurities. Quenching of excited species by ground state molecular oxygen, the common component of air, results in the formation of singlet state molecular oxygen ¹O₂. This active form of oxygen is a strong oxygenation agent attacking stabilized polymers. Resulting transformations of the polymer matrix and additives have a negative effect on the service life of the material. The formation of ¹O₂, its properties, and reactions and products arising from stabilizers are outlined.     

The effect of solvent on tetracene oxidation by singlet molecular oxygen (Δg): aspects of specific solvation

It is evident that the solvent effect on tetracene oxidation by singlet molecular oxygen is predominantly conditioned by a specific solvation of the reaction intermediate in aprotic media that is assumed to be a state with a stressed anionic center.     

Selective oxidation of tetrahydrofuran with molecular oxygen catalyzed by polyalumazane–platinum complexes

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was oxidized selectively with molecular oxygen catalyzed by magnesium oxide-based polyalumazane-supported platinum complexes under mild conditions. The selective oxidation of C–H bond α to the oxygen atom of ether and the oxidative path to ester other than ring cleavage to carboxylic acid were controlled by carrying out the reaction at 60°C with nitroethane as solvent. The platinum loading and the reaction time greatly affected the yield of γ-butyrolactone whereas the selectivity always remained at 100%. 76.92% γ-butyrolactone was obtained with 0.2811 mmol platinum loading per gram support within 12 hr. The single product of the THF oxidation was confirmed by ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data also confirmed the more recent report on the activation of the C–H bond by the null valent platinum from the viewpoint of supported platinum catalyst. The oxidation path was also suggested.     

Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone by molecular oxygen with Fe–Sn–O mixed oxides as catalysts

Fe–Sn–O mixed oxides were synthesized and used as catalysts for Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone, which showed both high catalytic activity and selectivity. X‐ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy suggested that the Fe–Sn–O catalysts had a tetragonal structure with a grain size of 29.3 nm. An ε‐caprolactone yield as high as 98.8% was obtained in a small‐scale experiment (5 mmol of cyclohexanone). In a scale‐up test (20 mmol of cyclohexanone), the cyclohexanone conversion and ε‐caprolactone yield were 96.7 and 96.5%, respectively. In addition, the catalysts can be reused five times without any major decline in catalytic activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectroscopic characterization and molecular structure of 3,14‐dimethyl‐2,6,13,17‐tetraazapentacyclo[16.4.0.12,17.16,13.07,12]tetracosane

Constrained cyclam derivatives have been found to exhibit anti‐HIV effects. The strength of binding to the CXCR4 receptor correlates with anti‐HIV activity. The conformation of the macrocyclic compound is very important for co‐receptor recognition. Therefore, knowledge of the conformation and crystal packing of macrocycles has become important in developing new highly effective anti‐HIV drugs. Structural modifications of N‐functionalized polyaza macrocyclic compounds have been achieved using various methods. A new synthesis affording single crystals of the title tetraazapentacyclo[16.4.0.1^2,17.1^6,13.0^7,12]tetracosane macrocycle, C₂₂H₄₀N₄, is reported. Formaldehyde reacts readily at room temperature with the tetraazatricyclo[16.4.0.0^2,17]docosane precursor to yield a macropolycycle containing two five‐membered rings. Characterization by elemental, spectroscopic and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses shows that the asymmetric unit contains half of a centrosymmetric molecule. The molecular structure shows a trans conformation for the two methylene bridges owing to molecular symmetry. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular C—H…N hydrogen bonds. NMR and IR spectroscopic properties support the methylene‐bridged macrocyclic structure.     

18F‐Labeling of Aryl‐SCF3, ‐OCF3 and ‐OCHF2 with [18F]Fluoride

We report that halogenophilic silver(I) triflate permits halogen exchange (halex) nucleophilic ¹⁸F‐fluorination of aryl‐OCHFCl, ‐OCF₂Br and ‐SCF₂Br precursors under mild conditions. This Ag^I‐mediated process allows for the first time access to a range of ¹⁸F‐labeled aryl‐OCHF₂, ‐OCF₃ and ‐SCF₃ derivatives, inclusive of [¹⁸F]riluzole. The ¹⁸F‐labeling of these medicinally important motifs expands the radiochemical space available for PET applications.     

Nano‐sized metal complexes of azo L‐histidine: Synthesis,characterization and their application for catalytic oxidation of 2‐amino phenol

A novel azo dye ligand formed by the coupling of L‐histidine with 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldyhide(H₂L) and its Ru³⁺, Pd²⁺ and Ni²⁺ nano‐sized complexes were obtained and described by elemental analysis, TGA, magnetic moment measurements, molar conductance, UV‐Vis, ESR, X‐ray powder diffraction, IR, SEM, TEM, ¹H‐nmr, ¹³C‐nmr, and EI‐mass spectral studies. The analytical results and spectral studies detected that the H₂L ligand acts as dibasic tetradentate via aldehyde oxygen, azo nitrogen and deprotonated OH and COOH groups. The data showed the paramagnetic Ru³⁺ complex has octahedral geometry while Pd²⁺ and Ni²⁺ have square planar structures. The molar conductance measurements display all complexes are nonelectrolyte. The crystallinity, morphology and average particle size data revealed the prepared complexes were formed in the Nano scale. The average particle size as calculated from TEM images are found to be 13.72, 64.52 and 115.00 nm for Ru³⁺, Pd²⁺ and Ni²⁺ chelates, respectively. The catalytic activities of these compounds were checked for oxidation of 2‐amino phenol to 2‐amino‐3H phenoxazine‐3‐one as heterogeneous catalysts. A 96, 31 and 21% catalytic conversion are found when using Ru(III), Pd(II) and Ni(II) complexes respectively.     

Synthesis of (+)‐13‐Stemarene and (+)‐18‐Deoxystemarin: Expeditious Preparation of the Key 6‐exo‐Hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐2‐one Ethylene Dithioacetal

An expeditious preparation of the 6‐exo‐hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐2‐one ethylene dithioacetal 2b , a key intermediate in the synthesis of (+)‐13‐stemarene ( 4 ) and (+)‐18‐deoxystemarin ( 5 ) is described. Compound 2b was obtained as the major product by equilibrating the endo rich mixture of 6‐hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐2‐one ethylene dithioacetals 2 with TsOH in benzene at reflux, easily available from the corresponding hydroxy ketones 9 . The model experiments which preceeded the above transformation, not previously described in the literature, are also presented.     

Recyclable 1,2‐bis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]diselane‐catalyzed oxidation of cyclohexene with H2O2: a practical access to trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol

1,2‐Bis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]diselane‐catalyzed oxidation of cyclohexene by hydrogen peroxide affords a quick, clean and practical access to the important compound trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol under mild conditions. The highly atom‐economic properties, clean procedures, high reaction concentration, short reaction time, mild conditions and eco‐friendly, recyclable and low loading catalysts facilitate this methodology for possible future practical industrial production. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel chelated dimethylamino lithium arylamide dimers: molecular structure of [1‐LiNPhCHPhCH2‐2‐NMe2C6H4]2

The reaction of 1‐NHPhCHPh‐2‐NMe₂C₆H₄ ( 1 ) and 1‐NHPhCHPhCH₂‐2‐NMe₂C₆H₄ ( 2 ) with n‐BuLi in diethyl ether gave the solvent‐free chelated dimethylamino lithium amides [1‐LiNPhCHPh‐2‐NMe₂C₆H₄]₂ ( 3 ) and [1‐LiNPhCHPhCH₂‐2‐NMe₂C₆H₄]₂ ( 4 ). The lithium amides 3 and 4 were characterized by ¹H, ⁷Li, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. A crystal structure determination was carried out on 4 , which is the first example of a structurally characterized solvent‐free dimeric chelated dimethylamino lithium arylamide with three‐coordinate lithium centers that contains a seven‐membered chelate ring. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation,characterization and catalytic oxidation properties of tris[2‐(2‐pyridyl)benzimidazole]iron(II) complexes

Complexes [Fe(Hpbi)₃](ClO₄)₂ (1) and [Fe(Hpbi)₃](SbF₆)₂ (2) (Hpbi = 2‐(2‐pyridyl)benzimidazole) were prepared by a modified method and characterized by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and elemental analysis. The catalytic activities of 1 and 2 were evaluated for the oxidation of cyclohexene, cyclohexane, ethylbenzene and adamantane with tert‐butylhydroperoxide or H₂O₂ as oxidant, and the results were compared with the properties of their analogue [Fe(bpy)₃](SbF₆)₂ (3). Complexes 1 and 2 both afforded the ketonization product for the oxidation of ethylbenzene and the hydroxylation product for adamantane. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

[Na(DB18-C-6)(H2O)2][Na(DB18-C-6)(SCN)2]：Two-Di-mensional Network Complex Assembled by π-π Stacking Interactios,Hydrogen Bonds and Electrostatic Interactions

A novel two‐dimensional network dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 (DB18‐C6) complex: [Na (DB18‐C‐6) (H₂O)₂] [Na (DB18‐C‐6) (SCN)₂] has been isolated and characterized by elemental, IR and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structure belongs to monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with cell dimensions a = 1.06178(7), b = 1.40243(8), c = 3.03496(19) nm, β = 90.4220(10)°, V = 4.5292(5) nm³, Z=4, D_calcd =1.351 g/ cm³, F(000) = 1936, R₁ = 0.0369, wR₂ = 0.0821. The most interesting feature in this structure is that complex cation and complex anion form a two‐dimensional network via τ‐τ stacking interactions, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions.     

Two—dimensional Network Crown Ether Complex.Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 18—Crown—6 Complex：[K（18—C—6）]2[Cd—（nmt）2]

The novel complex [K(18-C-6)]2[Cd(mnt)2][18-C-6-18-crown-6,nmt=1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolate,C2S2-(CN)2^2-] was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectrum and X-ray diffraction analysis.The complex displays two-dimensional network structure of [K(18-C-6)] complex segments and [Cd(nmt)2] complex segment bridged by S-K-S,S-K-N and N-K-N interactions between adjacent[K(18-C-6)] and [Cd(mnt)2]units.     

Preparation and characterization of vanadium(IV) oxide supported on SBA-15 and its catalytic performance in benzene hydroxylation to phenol using molecular oxygen

Preparation of dispersed transition metal oxides catalyst with low oxidation state still remains a challenging task in heterogeneous catalysis.In this study,vanadium oxides supported on zeolite SBA-15 have been prepared under hydrothermal condition using V 2 O 5 and oxalic acid as sources of vanadium and reductant,respectively.The structures of samples,especially the oxidation state of vanadium,and the surface distribution of vanadium oxide species,have been thoroughly characterized using various techniques,including N 2-physisorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV-visible spectra(UV-Vis) and UV-visible-near infrared spectra(UV-Vis-NIR).It is found that the majority of supported vanadium was in the form of vanadium(IV) oxide species with the low valence of vanadium.By adjusting hydrothermal treatment time,the surface distribution of vanadium(IV) oxide species can be tuned from vanadium(IV) oxide cluster to crystallites.These materials have been tested in the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol in liquid-phase with molecular oxygen in the absence of reductant.The catalyst exhibits high selectivity for phenol(61%) at benzene conversion of 4.6%,which is a relatively good result in comparison with other studies employing molecular oxygen as the oxidant.     

Experimental and quantum-chemical study of the mechanism of oxidation of 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-uracil by molecular oxygen in the presence of copper(II) ions

It has been discovered experimentally that 5,5,6-trihydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione is formed on oxidizing 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil with molecular oxygen in aqueous medium in the presence of copper(II) chloride. Ab initio and DFT calculations on the 6-31G* basis, both in the gas phase and allowing for solvent, showed that the process proceeds with the direct participation of an activated oxygen molecule on the complex CuCl₂·(5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil)2. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 586-593, April, 2009.     

A facile synthesis of antitumoral indeno[1,2-c]pyrazole-4-one by mild oxidation with molecular oxygen

An efficient, convenient, and general synthetic method for indeno[1,2-c]pyrazole-4-ones through oxidation of indenopyrazoles by treatment with a base and molecular oxygen is described, and a possible mechanism for the oxidation is proposed. The product indeno[1,2-c]pyrazole-4-ones were elaborated further by Suzuki coupling and Mitsunobu reaction.