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1.
A novel and efficient isocyanide‐based multicomponent reaction between alkyl or aryl isocyanides 1 , 2,3‐diaminomaleonitrile ( 2 ), naphthalene‐2,3‐diamines ( 6 ) or benzene‐1,2‐diamine ( 9 ), and 3‐oxopentanedioic acid ( 3 ) or Meldrum's acid ( 4 ) or ketones 7 was developed for the ecologic synthesis, at room temperature under mild conditions, of 1,6‐dihydropyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitriles 5a – 5f in H2O without using any catalyst, and of 3,4‐dihydrobenzo[g]quinoxalin‐2‐amine and 3,4‐dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐quinoxalin‐2‐amine derivatives 8a – 8g and 10a – 10e , respectively, in the presence of a catalytic amount of p‐toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) in EtOH, in good to excellent yields (Scheme 1).  相似文献   

2.
Iodine was explored as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidines 4 and pyrrolidines 5 by a multicomponent reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates (=dialkyl but‐2‐ynedioates) 1 , amines 2 , and HCHO 3 at room temperature (Scheme). When the molar ratios of these substrates were 1 : 2 : 4 and 1 : 1 : 4, tetrahydropyrimidines and pyrrolidines were formed, respectively. The products were obtained in high yields (73–85%) within a short period of time (25–35 min).  相似文献   

3.
The multicomponent domino Knoevenagel hetero‐Diels? Alder hydrogenation process of N‐[(benzyloxy)carbonyl(Cbz)‐protected amino aldehydes with N,N‐dimethylbarbituric acid and the trimethylsilyl enol ethers 1 – 3 leads to the formation of the substituted pyrrolidines 12 – 15 . Under the same conditions, reaction of the trimethylsilyl enol ether 4 , obtained from acetophenone, gave the primary amines 18a , b probably due to a hydrogenolytic cleavage of the intermediately formed pyrrolidines. The zwitterionic products were obtained in high purity simply by precipitation with Et2O.  相似文献   

4.
The synthesis of N′‐methyl‐4‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐yl)picolinohydrazide and N′‐methyl‐pyrimidine‐2‐carbohydrazide derivatives ( 5a and 5b ) was carried out. These compounds were used as starting materials to obtain methyl N′‐methylhydrazinecarbodithioates 6a and 6b , which, on reaction with either triethylamine or hydrazine, gave corresponding 1,3,4‐oxadiazioles 7a and 7b or 1,2,4‐triazoles 9a and 9b with the free NH2 group at the N‐4 position, respectively. Compounds 8a – e , particularly containing cyclic amines at N‐4 of the 1,2,4‐triazole ring, were also obtained. Synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The structure–activity relationship analysis for obtained compounds was done. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:223–230, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com . DOI 10.1002/hc.21008  相似文献   

5.
Synthesis of Novel (Phenylalkyl)amines for the Investigation of Structure–Activity Relationships. Part 21). 4‐Thio‐Substituted [2‐(2,5‐Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amines (=2,5‐Dimethoxybenzeneethanamines) The 4‐substituted [2‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amines (=2,5‐dimethoxybenzeneethanamines) and its α‐methyl analogs are known to act as potent 5‐HT2A/C ligands, which have, depending on their 4‐substituent, agonistic or antagonistic character. Generally, compounds with a small lipophilic substituent typically are agonists and those with a larger lipophilic substituent predominantly antagonists or at least partial agonists. Since little is known about the transition and more information is needed about the structural requirements of the 4‐substituent to control the functional activity, 12 novel 4‐thio‐substituted [2‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amines were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. Thus 2,5‐dimethoxybenzenethiol ( 7 ) was converted to the thioether derivatives 8a – l with several alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, and benzyl halides. Subsequent Vilsmeier‐formylation afforded the benzaldehydes 9a – l , condensation with MeNO2 the nitroethenyl derivatives 10a – l , and reduction with AlH3 the desired (2‐phenylethyl)amines 11a – l .  相似文献   

6.
The synthesis and reactivity of a series of bimetallic lanthanide aryloxides stabilized by a p‐phenylene‐bridged bis(β‐ketoiminate) ligand is presented. The reaction of 1,4‐diaminobenzene with acetylacetone in a 1:2.5 molar ratio in absolute ethanol gave the compound 1,4‐bis(4‐imino‐2‐pentanone)benzene ( 1 ) (LH2) in high yield. Compound 1 reacted with (ArO)3Ln(THF)2 (ArO = 2,6‐tBu2‐4‐MeC6H2O, THF = tetrahydrofuran) in a 1:2 molar ratio in THF, after workup, to give the corresponding dilanthanide aryloxides L[Ln(OAr)2(THF)]2 [Ln = Yb ( 2 ), Y ( 3 ), Sm ( 4 ), Nd ( 5 ), La ( 6 )] in high isolated yields. Compound 1 and complexes 2 – 6 were fully characterized, including X‐ray crystal structure analyses for complexes 2 , 3 , 5 , and 6 . Complexes 2 – 6 can be used as efficient pre‐catalysts for catalytic addition of amines to carbodiimides, and the ionic radii of the central metal atoms have a significant effect on the catalytic activity with the increasing sequence of La ( 6 ) < Nd ( 5 ) ≈ Sm ( 4 ) < Y ( 3 ) ≈ Yb ( 2 ). The catalytic addition reaction with 2 showed a good scope of substrates including primary and secondary amines.  相似文献   

7.
The two known Me‐ and allyl‐substituted 1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium bromides 1 and 2 , respectively, were converted to the corresponding BF and BPh salts 3 – 6 (Scheme 1). Compounds 3 and 4 were liquids at ambient temperature. Reaction of 1 or 2 with [PdCl2] afforded the corresponding 2 : 1 imidazolium/metal complexes 7 and 8 . The latter complex, melting at 58°, can be regarded as a ‘true’ ionic liquid. Attempts to polymerise 7 by radical promotion (AIBN) were unsuccessful, but resulted in the centrosymmetric 2 : 1 complex 9 . The allyl group of 1 could be arylated (giving rise to 10 ) or hydrogenated (at 100 bar H2 pressure). The solid‐state structures of compounds 5 – 7 and 9 were solved by means of single‐crystal X‐ray analyses (Figs. 1–4).  相似文献   

8.
The synthesis of novel triaryl‐substituted 4‐(isothiazol‐3‐yl)morpholines 7 and 8 , and 1‐(isothiazol‐3‐yl)piperazines 9 – 13 by reaction of the corresponding isothiazolium salts 5 and 6 with secondary amines in the presence of t‐BuOK in absolute THF is described. Some representatives of the isothiazoles were evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus.  相似文献   

9.
The chemoselective reactions of 2‐(5‐mercapto‐4‐phenyl‐4H‐[1,2,4]triazol‐3‐ylmethyl)‐6‐p‐tolyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyridazin‐3‐one ( 3 ) with different electrophiles were evaluated. Triazole 3 reacted with alkyl halides in the presence of triethylamine in alcohol to give the corresponding S‐substituted derivatives. On the basis of S‐chemoselective reactions of triazole 3 , a series of amino acid 10a – d and dipeptide derivatives 12a – d were prepared via azide coupling of the corresponding hydrazides 9 and 15 with amino acid ester hydrochlorides, respectively. N‐Substituted triazoles 6a – c or 7a – d attached to pyridazin‐3‐one moiety were successfully formed by the reaction of 3 with activated acrylic acid derivatives or with amines. Antibacterial activities of the synthesized derivatives were investigated through correlation with Escherichia coli FabH inhibitory activities using molecular modeling docking software. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds was evaluated, showing best inhibition zone for N‐substituted carboxylic acid 5a and N‐substituted nitrile 5c parallel to the molecular modeling studies.  相似文献   

10.
2‐(Aryloxymethyl)‐5‐benzyloxy‐1‐methyl‐1H‐pyridin‐4‐ones 8a – 8g , 2‐(aryloxymethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones 9a – 9g , and 2‐(aryloxymethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐1H‐pyridin‐4‐ones 10a – 10g were prepared from the known 5‐benzyloxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)pyran‐4‐one ( 3 ) in a good overall yield. These compounds were evaluated in vitro against a three‐cell lines panel consisting of MCF7 (breast), NCI‐H460 (lung), and SF‐268 (CNS), and the active compounds passed on for evaluation in the full panel of 60 human tumor cell lines derived from nine cancer cell types. The results indicated that 5‐hydroxy derivatives are more favorable than their corresponding 5‐benzyloxy precursors ( 10a – 10g vs. 8a – 8g ), and 1‐methyl‐1H‐pyridin‐4‐ones are more favorable than their corresponding pyran‐4(1H)‐ones ( 10a – 10g vs. 9a – 9g ). Among these three types of compounds, 2‐(aryloxymethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐1H‐pyridin‐4‐ones 10a – 10g were the most cytotoxic; they inhibited the growth of almost all the cancer cells tested. On the contrary, compound 8a (a mean GI50=27.8 μM ), 8b (38.5), 8d (11.0), and 8e (30.5) are especially active against the growth of SK‐MEL‐5 (a melanoma cancer cell) with a GI50 of <0.01, 5.65, 0.55, and 0.03 μM , respectively (cf. Table 2).  相似文献   

11.
A number of novel bicinnolines containing piperazine moieties, 4a – o , were synthesized via polyphosphoric acid‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of the respective acyl amidrazone derivatives ( 3a – o ). On the other hand, the amidrazones ( 3a – o ) were prepared by reaction of N′,N″‐(biphenyl‐4,4′‐diyl)bis(2‐oxopropane hydrazonoyl chloride) ( 2 ) with the appropriate cyclic sec‐amines in the presence of trimethylamine in absolute ethanol. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by NMR and mass spectral data. The antitumor activity of compounds 4a – o was evaluated in vitro on human breast cancer MDA‐231 by a cell viability assay. Results revealed that compounds 4k , 4n , and 4o exhibit potential cytotoxic effects (>70%) on the cancer cells. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of compounds 4a – o was evaluated against three clinical microbial strains: Escherichia coli (Gram‐negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive bacteria), and Candida albicans (fungi/yeast). Results revealed that compounds 4e and 4k exhibit good activity against all three strains included in the study and that compound 4d displays excellent activity against Saureus strain with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 0.187 mg/mL.  相似文献   

12.
The glucose‐, mannose‐, and galactose‐derived spirocyclic cyclopropylammonium chlorides 1a – 1d, 2a – 2d and 3a – 3d were prepared as potential glycosidase inhibitors. Cyclopropanation of the diazirine 5 with ethyl acrylate led in 71% yield to a 4 : 5 : 1 : 20 mixture of the ethyl cyclopropanecarboxylates 7a – 7d , while the Cu‐catalysed cycloaddition of ethyl diazoacetate to the exo‐glycal 6 afforded 7a – 7d (6 : 2 : 5 : 3) in 93–98% yield (Scheme 1). Saponification, Curtius degradation, and subsequent addition of BnOH or t‐BuOH led in 60–80% overall yield to the Z‐ or Boc‐carbamates 11a – 11d and 12a – 12d , respectively. Hydrogenolysis of 11a – 11d afforded 1a – 1d , while 12a – 12d was debenzylated to 13a – 13d prior to acidic cleavage of the N‐Boc group. The manno‐ and galacto‐isomers 2a – 2d and 3a – 3d , respectively, were similarly obtained in comparable yields (Schemes 2 and 4). Also prepared were the differentially protected manno‐configured esters 24a – 24d ; they are intermediates for the synthesis of analogous N‐acetylglucosamine‐derived cyclopropanes (Scheme 3). The cyclopropylammonium chlorides 1a – 1d, 2a – 2d and 3a – 3d are very weak inhibitors of several glycosidases (Tables 1 and 2). Traces of Pd compounds, however, generated upon catalytic debenzylation, proved to be strong inhibitors. PdCl is, indeed, a reversible, micromolar inhibitor for the β‐glucosidases from C. saccharolyticum and sweet almonds (non‐competitive), the β‐galactosidases from bovine liver and from E. coli (both non‐competitive), the α‐galactosidase from Aspergillus niger (competitive), and an irreversible inhibitor of the α‐glucosidase from yeast and the α‐galactosidase from coffee beans. The cyclopropylamines derived from 1a – 1d or 3a – 3d significantly enhance the inhibition of the β‐glucosidase from C. saccharolyticum by PdCl , lowering the Ki value from 40 μM (PdCl ) to 0.5 μM for a 1 : 1 mixture of PdCl and 1d . A similar effect is shown by cyclopropylamine, but not by several other amines.  相似文献   

13.
The kinetics of the reactions of 4‐methylphenyl, phenyl, and 4‐chlorophenyl 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl carbonates ( 1 , 2 , and 3 , respectively) with a series of anilines and secondary alicyclic (SA) amines has been carried out spectrophotometrically in 44 wt% ethanol–water, at 25.0°C, ionic strength 0.2 M. The Brønsted plots (statistically corrected) for the reactions of carbonates 1 – 3 with anilines and SA amines were linear with slopes (βN) in the range of 0.69–0.78 and 0.45–0.48, respectively, attributed to a concerted mechanism. The negative values found for the sensitivity of log kN to the basicity of the nonleaving (βnlg) and leaving (βlg) groups are discussed. Anilines are more reactive than isobasic SA amines, probably because of the greater steric hindrance offered by the latter. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 604–611, 2012  相似文献   

14.
Isothiochromene[3,4‐d] pyrimidine derivatives 2 , 3 , and 4a , b were synthesized from the reaction of 3‐amino‐1‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐5‐(pyridin‐4‐ylmethylene)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1H‐isothiochromene‐4‐carbonitrile 1 with acetic anhydride, formamide, urea, or thiourea in appropriate experimental conditions. Combination of 1 with carbon acid derivatives afforded isothiochromene [3,4‐b]pyridine 6 – 8 in good yield. A simple approach for N‐substituted fused isothiochromene derivatives has been explored. A POCl3‐mediated direct amination of isothiochromene amide 2 with NH2‐heterocycles, secondary amines, and carbohydrazides is described and compared with classical method, yielding 10 – 14 . The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis, and spectral data.  相似文献   

15.
The synthesis of novel 2,2‐disubstituted 2H‐azirin‐3‐amines with a chiral amino group is described. Chromatographic separation of the diastereoisomer mixture yielded the pure diastereoisomers (1′R,2R)‐ 4a – e and (1′R,2S)‐ 4a – e (Scheme 1, Table 1), which are synthons for the (R)‐ and (S)‐isomers of isovaline, 2‐methylvaline, 2‐cyclopentylalanine, 2‐methylleucine, and 2‐(methyl)phenylalanine, respectively. The configuration at C(2) of the synthons was determined by X‐ray crystallography relative to the known configuration of the chiral auxiliary group. The reaction of 4 with thiobenzoic acid, benzoic acid, and the dipeptide Z‐Leu‐Aib‐OH ( 12 ) yielded the monothiodiamides 10 , the diamides 11 (Scheme 2, Table 3), and the tripeptides 13 (Scheme 3, Table 4), respectively.  相似文献   

16.
The 3‐allyl‐2‐methylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one ( 1 ), a model functionalized terminal olefin, was submitted to hydroformylation and reductive amination under optimized reaction conditions. The catalytic carbonylation of 1 in the presence of Rh catalysts complexed with phosphorus ligands under different reaction conditions afforded a mixture of 2‐methyl‐4‐oxoquinazoline‐3(4H)‐butanal ( 2 ) and α,2‐dimethyl‐4‐oxoquinazoline‐3(4H)‐propanal ( 3 ) as products of ‘linear’ and ‘branched’ hydroformylation, respectively (Scheme 2). The hydroaminomethylation of quinazolinone 1 with arylhydrazine derivatives gave the expected mixture of [(arylhydrazinyl)alkyl]quinazolinones 5 and 6 , besides a small amount of 2 and 3 (Scheme 3). The tandem hydroformylation/reductive amination reaction of 1 with different amines gave the quinazolinone derivatives 7 – 10 . Compound 10 was used to prepare the chalcones 11a and 11b and pyrazoloquinazolinones 12a and 12b (Scheme 4).  相似文献   

17.
The photochemical reactions of 2‐substituted N‐(2‐halogenoalkanoyl) derivatives 1 of anilines and 5 of cyclic amines are described. Under irradiation, 2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropananilides 1a – e undergo exclusively dehydrobromination to give N‐aryl‐2‐methylprop‐2‐enamides (=methacrylanilides) 3a – e (Scheme 1 and Table 1). On irradiation of N‐alkyl‐ and N‐phenyl‐substituted 2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropananilides 1f – m , cyclization products, i.e. 1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐indol‐2‐ones (=oxindoles) 2f – m and 3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones (=dihydrocarbostyrils) 4f – m , are obtained, besides 3f – m . On the other hand, irradiation of N‐methyl‐substituted 2‐chloro‐2‐phenylacetanilides 1o – q and 2‐chloroacetanilide 1r gives oxindoles 2o – r as the sole product, but in low yields (Scheme 3 and Table 2). The photocyclization of the corresponding N‐phenyl derivatives 1s – v to oxindoles 2s – v proceeds smoothly. A plausible mechanism for the formation of the photoproducts is proposed (Scheme 4). Irradiation of N‐(2‐halogenoalkanoyl) derivatives of cyclic amines 5a – c yields the cyclization products, i.e. five‐membered lactams 6a , b , and/or dehydrohalogenation products 7a , c and their cyclization products 8a , c , depending on the ring size of the amines (Scheme 5 and Table 3).  相似文献   

18.
The reaction of 3‐amino‐4,6‐dimethylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxamide (1a) or its N‐aryl derivatives 1b‐d with carbon disulphide gave the pyridothienopyrimidines 2a‐d , whilst when the same reaction was carried out using N1‐arylidene‐3‐amino‐4,6‐dimethylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carbohydrazides (1e‐h) , pyridothienothiazine 3 was obtained. Also, refluxing of 1b‐d with acetic anhydride afforded oxazinone derivative 4 . Compounds 2a and 2b‐d were also obtained by the treatment of thiazine 3 with ammonium acetate or aromatic amines, respectively. When compound 2a was allowed to react with arylidene malononitriles or ethyl α‐cyanocinnamate, novel pyrido[3″,2″:4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′:4,5]pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3] thiazines 5a‐c were obtained. Treatment of 2b‐d with bromine in acetic acid furnished the disulphide derivatives 6a‐c . U.V. irradiation of 2b‐d resulted in the formation of pyrido[3″,2″:4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′:4,5]pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzthiazoles 7a‐c . The reaction of 2a‐d with some halocarbonyl compounds afforded the corresponding S‐substituted thiopyrido thienopyrimidines 8a‐j . Compound 8b was readily cyclized into the corresponding thiazolo[3″,2″‐a]‐pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine 9 upon treatment with conc. sulphuric acid. Heating of 2a,b with hydrazine hydrate in pyridine afforded the hydrazino derivatives 11a,b . Reaction of ester 8c with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol gave acethydrazide 10 . Compounds 10 and 11a,b were used as versatile synthons for other new pyridothienopyrimidines 12–15 as well as [1,2,4] triazolopyridothienopyrimidines 16–19.  相似文献   

19.
The title compounds were prepared from valine‐derived N‐acylated oxazolidin‐2‐ones, 1 – 3, 7, 9 , by highly diastereoselective (≥ 90%) Mannich reaction (→ 4 – 6 ; Scheme 1) or aldol addition (→ 8 and 10 ; Scheme 2) of the corresponding Ti‐ or B‐enolates as the key step. The superiority of the ‘5,5‐diphenyl‐4‐isopropyl‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one’ (DIOZ) was demonstrated, once more, in these reactions and in subsequent transformations leading to various t‐Bu‐, Boc‐, Fmoc‐, and Cbz‐protected β2‐homoamino acid derivatives 11 – 23 (Schemes 3–6). The use of ω‐bromo‐acyl‐oxazolidinones 1 – 3 as starting materials turned out to open access to a variety of enantiomerically pure trifunctional and cyclic carboxylic‐acid derivatives.  相似文献   

20.
Reaction of some selected benzoic acid hydrazides 1a – c with phosphorus decasulfide P4S10 in dry pyridine afforded some novel pyridine solvate of 1,3,4,2‐thiadiazaphospholes 2a – c . Similarly, treatment of their corresponding hydrazones 3a – c toward phosphorus decasulfide under the same reaction conditions gave the corresponding thio‐analog 4 and 1,3,2‐benzoxazaphosphinine and benzodiazaphosphinine pyridine solvates 5a,b , respectively. Treatment of (thio)semicarbazides and their corresponding (thio)semicarbazones with phosphorus decasulfide in dry pyridine yielded the novel 1,2,4,3‐triazaphospholidines 6a,b , and 1,3,2‐diazaphosphetidines 8a,b , respectively. Moreover, cyclization of (thio)carbohydrazides and their mono‐ (thio)carbohydrazones with phosphorus decasulfide produced 1,2,4,3‐triazaphospholidines 9a,b and 11a,b , respectively. The structures of these products were confirmed from analytical and spectral data.  相似文献   

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