Synthesis,Anticancer Evaluation,and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel (4‐Hydroxy‐2‐Thioxo‐3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐[1,3]Thiazin‐6‐Yl)‐Chromen‐2‐Ones via a Multicomponent Approach

A series of coumarin‐substituted 1,3‐thiazine‐2‐thione derivatives ( 4a–m ) were synthesized via the multicomponent reaction of 3‐chloro‐3‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)acrylaldehyde ( 1 ) carbon disulfide ( 2 ), and various primary amines ( 3 ), in presence of triethylamine and acetonitrile under stirring with good yields. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral studies. Further, the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against different cancer cell lines (A549, MDA‐MB‐231, MCF7, HeLa, and B16F10). Studies on the molecular interactions to recognize the hypothetical binding motif of the title compounds with the target Hsp 100 were carried out employing the Schrodinger software. Compounds 4a , 4c and 4m showed activity against all the five cell lines compared with the reference drug, and 4a exhibited the least IC₅₀ concentration of 7.56 ± 1.07 μg/mL against MCF7. This in vitro anticancer result was supported by in silico docking and in silico ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) studies as well.     

Regioselective Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity Studies of 1,2,3‐Triazol‐4‐YL]‐4‐methyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones

Synthesis, spectral analysis, and antibacterial activity of new coumarin derivatives are described in this paper. Twelve new coumarin derivatives were synthesized in moderate to good yields by the react with 4‐methyl‐6‐(prop‐2‐ynyloxy)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one ( 3a – c ) and ethyl azide ( 4a – l ) and done by the click reaction to obtained 6‐[(l‐ethyl‐lH‐l,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy]‐4‐methyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones ( 5a – l ). The structures of all the newly synthesized molecules were assigned by elemental analysis and spectral data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities strains using Cup plate method.     

Facile Synthesis of Novel 3‐(4‐phenylisothiazol‐5‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents

A series of 3‐(4‐phenylisothiazol‐5‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one ( 6a – l ) derivatives has been efficiently synthesized by straightforward sequential reactions. Tandem Vilsmeier Hack reaction/cyclization/bromination/Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions were successfully applied to the preparation of title compounds in good‐to‐high yields. In the synthetic sequences, 3‐chloro‐3‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)acrylaldehydes ( 2 ) were found to react with ammonium thiocyanate to yield the corresponding 3‐(isothiazol‐5‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones ( 3 ). These derivatives were brominated with N‐bromo succinamide to yield the corresponding regioselective 3‐(4‐bromoisothiazol‐5‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one ( 4 ). Finally, compound 4 was treated with various phenyl/pyrazole/7H –pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidinyl boronic acids 5a – l in the presence of K₂CO₃ and Pd catalyst in dimethylformamide to yield the corresponding title derivatives 6a – l . All the synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral studies. All the final compounds were screened against different cancer cell lines (A549, PC3, SKOV3, and B16F10), and among these compounds, 6b , 6g , 6h , and 6l displayed moderate cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines.     

Facile Synthesis and Anticancer Activity Study of Novel Series of Substituted and Fused Coumarin Derivatives

Various new substituted and fused coumarin analogues have been synthesized via different synthetic pathways. Among which are variable substituted coumarin derivatives bearing either biologically active side chains or rings at 5, 6, and 3 positions of the coumarin nucleus as indicated in compounds 10 , 12 , 13 , 16–19 , 21 , 23–32 , 38 , and 42–45 . In addition, different pyranocoumarin derivatives either substituted as in compounds 2 , 3 , and 6 or fused as compounds 33–36 , pyranoxanthene analogues such as compounds 4 and 46 , coumarinotriazolothiadiazine derivative 8 , coumarinonaphthodiazocin analogue 39 and coumarinopyrazolone derivative 40 were synthesized. Thirty‐eight of the synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro anticancer screening against mammalian liver carcinoma HepG2 and breast carcinoma MCF7 cell lines using Cisplatin as a standard reference. The anticancer activity screening results revealed that, among the tested compounds, compounds 16 , 40 , and 43 bearing 4‐chlorophenyl‐2‐aminopyridine‐3‐carbonitrile attached to C₆ position, fused pyrazolone ring or attached to 4‐chlorophenyl‐2‐oxo‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carbonitrile at C₃ position of the coumarin nucleus, respectively, exhibited moderate to strong activity against both cell lines.     

Design,Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pyrazole,Oxazole, and Pyridine Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents Using Mixed Chalcone

New pyrazole, oxazole, and pyridine derivatives bearing naphthalene and furan moieties have been prepared by condensing 3‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐1‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one 1 with different nitrogen and carbon nucleophiles such as hydrazine, hydroxylamine, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, ethyl cyanoacetate, and malononitrile, respectively. Cyclization of chalcone 1 with malononitrile in refluxing ethanol and ammonium acetate gave the corresponding dihydropyridine, which was condensed with different carbon electrophilic reagents such as ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, formamide, and acetic anhydride to yield the pyridine derivatives 13 – 16 . Elemental and spectroscopic evidences characterized all the newly synthesized compounds. All of the newly synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their anti‐proliferative activities against HePG‐2 and MCF‐7 cell lines. Compounds 11 , 8 , and 15 displayed promising growth inhibitory effect toward the two cell lines compared with the standard drug doxorubicin.     

One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Novel Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐a]Pyridine Incorporated Thiazolyl Coumarins and their Antimicrobial Activity

A series of novel substituted imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine incorporated thiazolyl coumarin derivatives ( 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e , 4f , 4g , 4h , 4i , 4j , 4k , 4l , 4m , 4n , 4o , 4p , 4q , 4r , 4s , 4t ) were synthesized in good yields via one‐pot multicomponent condensation of substituted imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine‐3‐carbaldehyde ( 3a , 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e ), thiosemicarbazide ( 2 ), and substituted 3‐(2‐bromoacetyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones ( 1a , 1b , 1c , 1d )/2‐(2‐bromoacetyl)‐3H‐benzo[f]chromen‐3‐one ( 1e ) in refluxing ethanol with catalytic amount of acetic acid. All the synthesized compounds ( 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e , 4f , 4g , 4h , 4i , 4j , 4k , 4l , 4m , 4n , 4o , 4p , 4q , 4r , 4s , 4t ) have been characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectral studies as well as elemental analyses and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains. All the compounds displayed moderate antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration 150 µg/mL, but none of the compounds have shown any antifungal activity.     

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Some Novel Dihyrobenzo[h]pyrano[3,2‐c]chromene Derivatives

Three‐component reaction of 4‐hydroxy‐2H‐benzo[h]chromen‐2‐one, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile in the presence of 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) in ethanol at room temperature affords good yields of novel dihyrobenzo[h]pyrano[3,2‐c]chromene derivatives. The synthesized compounds examined by MTT assays for cytotoxic activity in two human cancer cell lines (MOLT‐4, HL‐60). Most of the evaluated compounds showed low inhibitory activity against tumor cell line at micromolar concentrations.     

A Facile Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted Hydrazono‐Pyrazolyl[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4][thiadiazol]‐coumarin Derivatives

Some inimitable and therapeutic coumarin‐substituted fused[1,2,4]triazolo‐[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadizole derivatives were synthesized by the cyclocondensation reaction of 2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carboxylic acid ( 1 ) and 4‐amino‐5‐hydrazinyl‐4H‐[1,2,4]‐triazole‐3‐thiol ( 2 ) by using phosphorous oxychloride as a cyclizing agent. This cyclized intermediate 3‐(3‐hydrazino‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazol‐6‐yl)‐chromen‐2‐one ( 3 ) later condensation with various ethyl 2‐(2‐arylhydrazono)‐3‐oxobutanoates ( 4 ) in NaOAc/MeOH under reflux conditions afforded the corresponding new series of aryl‐substituted hydrazono‐pyrazolyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4][thiadiazol]‐coumarin derivatives ( 5 ) in good to excellent yields. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR and mass spectroscopic studies.     

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Andrographolide‐1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives

A series of new andrographolide‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives, 3a , 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e , 3f , 3g , 3h , 3i , 3j , 3k , were synthesized from a natural bioactive labdane type diterpenoid, andrographolide. All the derivatives were screened against human cancer cell lines MCF7, MDA‐MB‐231, COLO205, HepG2, K562, Hela, and HEK293 to evaluate their cytotoxic activity. All the compounds showed anticancer activity selectively against K562 cell line, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 8.00 to 17.11 µM, and are inactive against the rest of the cell lines. Compounds 3c and 3d showed significant cytotoxicity among the synthesized derivatives. The in silico docking studies revealed compounds 3b and 3d with high binding affinity against the cancer target, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1.     

An Efficient,Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrazolyl Triazolo Thiadiazinyl Chromen ‐ 2 ‐ Ones

One‐pot synthesis of 3‐(3‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐7H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazin‐6‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones was achieved via the multicomponent reaction of purpald, acetyl acetone, and different derivatives of 3‐(2‐bromo‐acetyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one in absolute ethanol. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral data.     

Design and Synthesis of Novel Triazolyl Benzoxazine Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Activity

A series of novel triazolyl benzoxazine derivatives have been synthesized via Cu(I)‐catalyzed ‘Click’ cycloaddition. All of the compounds were fully characterized from their spectral data, and their antiproliferative activity was evaluated against three selected human cancer cell lines: cervical cancer cells (HeLa), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT‐29), and ovarian adenocarcinoma (SKOV‐3). A few representative compounds have also been evaluated for their antibacterial potential against two bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Phthalimide‐pyrano[3,2‐c]chromene and Phthalimide‐pyrano‐2‐one Hybrids

Coumarin skelton holds substantial promise for further exploration because of its immense pharmacological potential. In this pursuit, a series of phthalimide‐chromen and phthalimide‐pyran‐2‐one hybrids were synthesized in efficient yields via one‐pot multicomponent reaction of aldehyde linked to phthalimide moiety, 4‐hydroxy coumarin/4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, and malanonitrile by Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature in the presence of DABCO as catalyst. The compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR, MS, and FTIR. All the compounds consisting of phthalimide‐chromen/pyrano‐2‐one moieties tethered by spacers of varying lengths were evaluated for their biological activity in Ellman's assay. Most of the compounds feebly inhibited Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme and were inactive toward Butyrylcholinesterase Enzyme.     

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of certain new arylazothiazole containing compounds

2‐Amino‐5‐arylazo‐4‐(2‐chlorophenyl)thiazoles ( 2a‐e ) were prepared by the coupling of aryldiazonium chlorides with 2‐amino‐4‐(2‐chlorophenyl) thiazole ( 1 ). The thioureas 3a‐e were obtained by condensing the arylazothiazoles 2a‐c with the appropriate isothiocyanates. Reaction of 2d with aromatic aldehydes afforded the chalcone analogues 4a‐c . The pyridone derivatives 5a,b were synthesized by reacting the ketone 2d with different aromatic aldehydes, ethyl cyanoacetate and ammonium acetate. On the other hand, 5b was also prepared by cyclizing 4c with ethyl cyanoacetate and ammonium acetate. Furthermore, 6‐chloroimidazo[2,l‐b]‐thiazole 7 was obtained from the acid derivative 6b by treatment with POC1₃. While, the imidazo[2,l‐b]‐thiazolones 9a‐d were produced by the cyclization of the chloroacetyl derivatives 8a‐d with DMAP/pyri‐dine. Representative examples of the prepared compounds were tested for in vitro antitumor activity against two human tumor cell lines. Some compounds showed activity against brain tumor cell lines.     

Mannich Reaction as a New Route for the Synthesis of Tetrahydro Pyrimido Benzimidazolyl Coumarins

Condensation of coumarin‐4‐acetic acids ( 1 ) with ortho‐phenylenediamine ( 2 ) in anhydrous phosphoric acid afforded 4‐((1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones ( 3 ). Attempted Mannich reaction of 3 with formalin and primary amines resulted in 4‐(2‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐c]pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones ( 6 ). The structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated by analyses including 2D HETCOR and DEPT experiments. Synthesized compounds have been subjected for anti‐inflammatory activity. Compound 6j exhibited promising anti‐inflammatory activity.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxic Activity Evaluation of Novel 1,2,3‐Triazole Linked Quinazoline Derivatives

A series of novel 1,2,3‐triazole‐quinazoline derivatives were synthesized in five steps starting from anthranilamide by conventional methods. All the title compounds 10a — 10r were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines (MGC ‐803, EC ‐109, MCF ‐7 and HGC ‐27) using MTT assay in vitro . Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to potent activity against tested cancer cell lines. Among them, compounds 10 h and 10q exhibited excellent growth inhibition against HGC ‐27 and compound 10 m also possessed excellent activity against MCF ‐7, with IC₅₀ values less than 1 µmol/L. Especially, compound 10 h was more cytotoxic than 5‐fluorouracil against all tested four human cancer cell lines.     

Synthesis,Antiproliferative, and c‐Src Kinase Inhibitory Activities of 4‐Oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran Derivatives

A new class of 4‐oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran derivatives were synthesized and their antiproliferative activity examined against a panel of three human cancer cell lines, that is, breast carcinoma (MDA‐MB‐468), ovarian adenocarcinoma (SK‐OV‐3), and colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT‐29). Two compounds, that is, 3‐hexyl‐7,8‐dihydroxy‐4‐oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran and (E)‐ethyl 3‐(7‐methoxy‐4‐oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐yl)acrylate were found to be potent against all three cancer cell lines studied at 50 μM concentration. Also, the inhibitory potency of the compounds was evaluated against active Src kinase. A few of these compounds exhibited modest Src kinase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 52–57 μM). Structure‐activity relationship studies with respect to the nature and position of substituents on the lead compounds could be further exploited for the design and development of more potent antiproliferative agents and/or Src kinase inhibitors.     

Design and Synthesis of Antimicrobial Active (E)‐(3‐(Substituted‐styryl)‐7H‐furo[2,3‐f]chromen‐2‐yl)(phenyl)methanone Derivatives and Their In Silico Molecular Docking Studies

Nine new (E)‐(3‐(substituted‐styryl)‐7H‐furo[2,3‐f]chromen‐2‐yl)(phenyl)methanone derivatives, 7 ( a – i ), with an efficient microwave‐assisted synthetic method was achieved by reacting with (E)‐3‐(aryl)‐1‐(5‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromen‐6‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones and 2‐bromo‐1‐(4‐bromophenyl)ethanone. The microwave irradiation method was found to be best with high yields and with shorter reaction times compared with the conventional method. All the new products structural assignments were confirmed by spectral data like FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ESI MS, and analytical data. Moreover, these newly synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains. Some of these new chromen derivatives like 7b , 7c , and 7d exhibits good antibacterial and antifungal activities. Furthermore, these biological evolution results were a good correlation with molecular docking studies performed based on their computational DFT minimized structures exhibited high binding energies.     

An Efficient Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3‐d]isoxazolo[5,4‐b]pyridin‐6‐one Derivatives

A series of chromeno[4,3‐d]isoxazolo[5,4‐b]pyridin‐6‐one derivatives were easily and efficiently synthesized by the reaction of 3‐acyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones with isoxazol‐5‐amine in acetic acid. Some synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative properties in vitro against cancer cells, and these compounds were found to have some activities.     

Synthesis,Photophysical and Computational Study of Novel Coumarin‐based Organic Dyes

A series of novel coumarin pyrazoline moieties combined with tetrazoles, 3‐(1‐phenyl‐4‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one , 6‐chloro‐3‐(1‐phenyl‐4‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one , 6‐bromo‐3‐(1‐phenyl‐4‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one and 6‐bromo‐3‐(1‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐4‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1H pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one 7(a‐d), were designed and synthesized. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction and their interactions were studied by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Thermal stabilities and electrochemical properties of these compounds were examined from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC ), thermogravimetric (TGA ) and cyclic voltammetric (CV ) studies. Their spectroscopic properties were analyzed in various alcohols and general solvents by UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence and time‐resolved spectroscopy. In addition, the ground and excited state electronic properties were investigated using density functional theory (DFT ). The calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO ) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO ) and energy band gap (E _g ) values have revealed the effect of substitution of halogens. The substitution has equally affected the ground and excited states of 7(a‐d) compounds. The solvatochromism on absorption, fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetimes of these compounds was investigated. All these results showed the chromen‐2‐one of pyrazoline tetrazole derivatives could play an important role in photonic and electronic devices.     

Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel 2‐Phenyl‐4‐Substituted Oxazole Derivatives as Potential Anti‐cancer Agents

A novel series of 2,4‐disubstituted oxazole derivatives were synthesized, screened for their anti‐tumor activity against three cell lines MCF‐ 7 , TK‐10, and UACC‐62. Molecular docking study was carried out against epidermal growth factor receptor. A new series of 2‐phenyl‐4‐substituted oxazole derivatives were synthesized. A series of chiral α‐amino acid derivatives 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 were synthesized by coupling various l ‐acylated amino acid azide 3. The synthesized compounds were tested for their in vitro antitumor activity against MCF‐7, TK‐10, and UACC‐62 cell lines. Compound 6 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against TK cell lines, while compound 12 showed the highest activity against MCF‐7 cell lines. Compound 14 was the most active against UACC‐62 cell lines. Furthermore, a molecular docking study of the most active compounds was carried out using epidermal growth factor receptor X‐ray 3D structure (protein data bank ID 1 M17). Docking results revealed that compound 6 showed the highest binding energy of ΔG = ?78.17 Kcal/mol.