RHIC能区Au+Au碰撞中椭圆流的横半径依赖

用RQMD模型模拟了质心系束能量为s_NN=200GeV的Au+Au非对心碰撞, 研究了椭圆流对末态粒子冻出位置的关系. 研究表明, 随着冻出半径的增加, 椭圆流逐渐增强, 在源的初始表面处达到最大值, 随着冻出半径的继续增加, 椭圆流逐渐减小. 椭圆流的这种变化趋势反映了随着半径的增加, 压力梯度在各个方向上不同的变化. 本文提出了利用平均径向速度分析压力梯度的方法.     

重离子碰撞中的横向非对称流与多粒子方位角关联

非对心重离子碰撞中,横向非对称核物质流的存在引起了末态的多粒子方位角关联.对600A MeV Au+Au碰撞的QMD模拟数据分析表明,不同事件中侧向流与椭圆流在横向上的夹角存在明显的涨落,多粒子方位角关联揭示了相互作用区域核物质运动的空间–动量相关性.椭圆流对碰撞系统的演化过程反映敏感,在中间快度区域,不同事件中椭圆流的差别与反应过程中粒子经历再散射的情况有关.     

100MeV/uAu+Au对心碰撞中心集体流的发展

用量子分子动力学(QMD)模型研究了100MeV/u Au+Au对心碰撞的时间演化过程,着重研究了各种物理量随时间的发展如何趋向平衡及freeze-out的条件. 计算结果表明,对于100MeV/uAu+Au的对心碰撞,中心区的最高密度可以达到1.6ρ_0,在达到最大压缩后,体系开始膨胀,并发展成一个与粒子位置相关的中心集体流. 通过计算两粒子相对动量谱,可以将中心集体流与随机的热运动区分开来. 研究了中心集体流与状态方程的依赖关系.     

高能重离子碰撞中末态粒子分布的非对称性

对Bevalac1.2A GeV Au+Au碰撞实验,根据以流方向为z轴的质心坐标系中末态粒子方位角分布的非对称性为极小的条件,确定了事件中五种质量范围(A=1,2,3,4,5-8)末态粒子的集合侧向流流角.在以流方向为z轴的质心坐标系中研究了不同质量末态粒子极角分布,结果表明质量越大的粒子在流方向分布得越集中,侧向流的“流”值越大.     

兰州CSR能区238U238U碰撞椭圆流模拟研究

用相对论输运模型模拟了束流动能为520MeV/u的²³⁸U＋²³⁸U碰撞实验. 研究了在两种极端对撞方位的UU碰撞中, 末态核子和π介子椭圆流v₂与碰撞参数、快度以及横动量的依赖关系. 研究表明, 由于挤压(squeeze-out)效应, 末态核子和π具有负的椭圆流; 体-体UU中心碰撞事件具有最大初始坐标空间形变, 因而具有最大的负的椭圆流, 约12%; 在最小无偏事件样本下, 体-体和头-头碰撞, 中央快度平台上的核子椭圆流大小相当, 而前者π椭圆流略大于后者; 在中央快度平台, 低横动量核子和π主要由反应后期Δ衰变得到, 而高横动量主要是参与核子再散射生成, 因而在低横动量区它们具有相似的流, 而在较高横动量区(>0.3GeV/c)由于旁观核子的再散射和吸收效应, 它们的椭圆流有明显压低.     

√SNN=130GeV时Au+Au碰撞中的反重子与重子比率

按照夸克随机组合的简单组合模型, 本文通过分析得出重子反重子比率与夸克反夸克平均产生几率的关系. 进一步计算了相对论重离子碰撞过程中各种反粒子与粒子的比率, 不需要任何额外假定, 预言的比率与RHIC加速器√S_NN=130GeV时Au+Au碰撞STAR实验的结果基本一致. 表明夸克组合模型能够解释相对论重离子碰撞过程的反粒子与粒子比率.     

RHIC能区Au+Au碰撞中集合径向流的研究

利用相对论量子分子动力学模型RQMD,对RHIC能区s=200A GeV Au+Au碰撞的集体膨胀效应进行了研究,对散射粒子的横质量谱进行了分析.研究表明,在RHIC能区的重离子反应中存在有强的集合径向流.对单粒子谱的拟合结果给出Au+Au的源冻结温度为160MeV,平均径向流速度为0.6c.     

高能重离子碰撞中的横向非对称流

对末态粒子方位角分布的研究可以获得反应中有关横向非对称流的信息.研究了碰撞中侧向流与椭圆流间的方位角关联,给出了一种定量测量反应中椭圆流大小的方法,该方法的计算结果可以有效地消除估计反应平面离散的影响.     

高能重离子碰撞中的集体流与空间-动量关联

高能重离子碰撞中,末态粒子的侧向流与椭圆流间存在方位角集体关联,该关联对反应中集体流的性质反映敏感.碰撞时,系统在坐标空间的演化与动量空间的演化过程相互影响,表现出明显的空间-动量关联.不同事件中椭圆流形式的差别与此空间-动量关联有关,反映了系统演化过程的涨落.     

对Z0三喷注事例中色联接敏感可观测量的研究

将末态部分子的色分离联接引入JETSET事例产生器,通过用喷注的DURHAM判据y_cut及用喷注夹角限制事例形状,对Z⁰衰变进行三喷注事例挑选,发现可以得到对色联接敏感的三喷注事例.对于这类事例,末态强子的平均带电多重数及胶子喷注中的一系列可观测量对色联接的敏感性随y_cut值的减小而增大;在小y_cut值时,色中性流和色分离两种联接导致了显著差别.使通过实验测量鉴别部分子的色联接成为可能.     

RHIC能区Au+Au碰撞中HBT关联参数分析

利用相对论量子分子动力学模型RQMD,对RHIC能区s=200GeV/u Au+Au碰撞进行了2π干涉学分析,并讨论了HBT半径参数对横动量的依赖关系.研究表明,两粒子关联函数能够给出碰撞源在冻结时刻的时空拓扑信息,HBT半径参数能够较好地反映源的尺度和形状,但其对横动量的依赖关系并不能直接反映源的压缩性质,而是对粒子产生时源的空间–动量关联程度更为敏感.     

Elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at square root(S)NN = 130 GeV

Elliptic flow from nuclear collisions is a hadronic observable sensitive to the early stages of system evolution. We report first results on elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at square root(S)NN = 130 GeV using the STAR Time Projection Chamber at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The elliptic flow signal, v2, averaged over transverse momentum, reaches values of about 6% for relatively peripheral collisions and decreases for the more central collisions. This can be interpreted as the observation of a higher degree of thermalization than at lower collision energies. Pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow are also presented.     

Flow measurements via two-particle azimuthal correlations in Au + Au collisions at sqrt [s(NN)]=130 GeV

Two-particle azimuthal correlation functions are presented for charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (sqrt [s(NN)]=130 GeV). The measurements permit determination of elliptic flow without event-by-event estimation of the reaction plane. The extracted elliptic flow values (v2) show significant sensitivity to both the collision centrality and the transverse momenta of emitted hadrons, suggesting rapid thermalization and relatively strong velocity fields. When scaled by the eccentricity of the collision zone epsilon, the scaled elliptic flow shows little or no dependence on centrality for charged hadrons with relatively low p(T). A breakdown of this epsilon scaling is observed for charged hadrons with pT >1.0 GeV/c.     

Size of the freeze-out source in high energy heavy ion collisions

Based on a hydro-inspired azimuthally symmetric emission function, we analyze the HBT radius Rs and the single-particle transverse momentum spectra in Au+Au collisions measured by the STAR Collaboration at SNN = 200 GeV. The results show that consistent assumptions about transverse density (and/or flow profile) in the calculation of the HBT radius Rs and single-particle spectral analyses play an important role for understanding the size of the freeze-out source.     

200 A GeV Au + Au collisions serve a nearly perfect quark-gluon liquid

A new robust method to extract the specific shear viscosity (η/s)(QGP) of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at temperatures T(c) < T ? 2T(c) from the centrality dependence of the eccentricity-scaled elliptic flow v2/ε measured in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is presented. Coupling viscous fluid dynamics for the QGP with a microscopic transport model for hadronic freeze-out we find for 200 A GeV Au + Au collisions that v2/ε is a universal function of multiplicity density (1/S)(dN(ch)/dy) that depends only on the viscosity but not on the model used for computing the initial fireball eccentricity ε. Comparing with measurements we find 1<4π(η/s)(QGP) < 2.5 where the uncertainty range is dominated by model uncertainties for the values of ε used to normalize the measured v2.     

Development of Central Collective Flow in 100MeV/u Au+Au Central Collisions

Using QMD model the time evolution of Au+Au system at 100MeV/u is studied.For very central collisions the conditions for freeze-out and how the different physical quantities approaching equlibrium are investigated.The calculated results show that for 100MeV/u Au+Au at b=0fm,the maximum density can reach 1.6ρ₀ and after that the system expands to a low density region.A position correlated central flow is developed during the expansion stage.By studying the two pamicle reladve momentum spectrum it is able to separate central flow from random thenmal motion.The dependence of this central flow on E.O.S.is also discussed.     

Effects of mean-field and softening of equation of state on elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at (~SNN)~(1/2)=5 GeV from the JAM model

We perform a systematic study of elliptic flow(v_2) in Au+Au collisions at(~SNN)~(1/2) = 5 GeV by using a microscopic transport model, JAM. The centrality, pseudorapidity, transverse momentum and beam energy dependence of v_2 for charged as well as identified hadrons are studied. We investigate the effects of both the hadronic mean-field and the softening of equation of state(EoS) on elliptic flow. The softening of the EoS is realized by imposing attractive orbits in two body scattering, which can reduce the pressure of the system. We found that the softening of the EoS leads to the enhancement of v_2, while the hadronic mean-field suppresses v_2 relative to the cascade mode. It indicates that elliptic flow at high baryon density regions is highly sensitive to the EoS and the enhancement of v_2 may probe the signature of a first-order phase transition in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies of a strong baryon stopping region.     

Spectra,elliptic flow and azimuthally sensitive HBT radii from the Buda-Lund model for $ \sqrt{{s_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions

We present calculations of elliptic flow and azimuthal dependence of correlation radii in the ellipsoidally symmetric generalization of the Buda-Lund hydrodynamic model of hadron production in high-energy nuclear collisions. We compare them to data from RHIC by simultaneous fits to azimuthally integrated invariant spectra of pions, kaons and protons-antiprotons measured by PHENIX in Au + Au reactions at center-of-mass energy of 200 AGeV. STAR data were used for azimuthally sensitive two-particle correlation function radii and for the transverse momentum dependence of the elliptic flow parameter v ₂. We have found that the transverse flow is faster in the reaction plane than out of plane, which results in a reaction zone that gets slightly more elongated in-plane than out of plane. The model parameters extracted from the fits are shown and discussed.