聚硅氧烷-聚丙烯酸酯-聚氨酯三元复合乳液的制备与表征及其胶膜性能

用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与仲羟基封端的聚硅氧烷(PMTS)反应在聚硅氧烷分子链端引入异氰酸酯基团, 然后将其与聚丙二醇、二羟甲基丙酸等反应制备聚硅氧烷改性聚氨酯(PSU)预聚体, 再以甲基丙烯酸甘油酯(GM)为偶联剂在PSU链上引入双键, 最后加入丙烯酸酯单体和交联剂乳化后通过乳液聚合制备了偶联型聚硅氧烷聚丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯(PSU-X-AC)三元复合乳液. 同样条件下不使用偶联剂制备了非偶联型三元复合乳液(PSU-AC). 无论是否使用偶联剂, 三元复合乳液的稳定性都明显优于不含PAC的PSU二元乳液. 对于三元复合乳液及其胶膜的性能表征结果显示, 与非偶联型PSU-AC三元乳液相比, 偶联型PSU-X-AC乳液的乳胶粒尺寸较小, 粒径分布更均一|偶联型三元乳液的表面张力较小|其胶膜的力学强度远优于非偶联型|除非在PMTS分子量较高的情况下, 偶联型乳胶膜中未观察到非偶联型所见的相分离, 偶联剂GM的使用对提高材料的憎水及力学性能有明显作用. PMTS分子量及其用量对乳液的乳胶粒径、表面张力和粘度影响不明显. 但对于复合胶膜的性能来说, 三元复合乳液聚合物中PMTS分子量及其用量存在上限, 分子量上限值约为2000, 其用量上限约为PSU二元聚合物的10%, 在此之下PMTS的使用可以明显提高胶膜的力学及耐水性能.     

(+)-樟脑亚甲胺α位负碳离子的不对称氧化偶联反应研究

本文研究了(+)-樟脑亚甲胺α位负碳离子的氧化偶联反应, 所得偶联产物经高效液相色谱分析,测定了苏式赤式比,苏式异构体的de.值由^1HNMR测定为20-95%,对影响偶联反应的诸因素:如氧化偶联剂.溶剂.碱等进行了初探.     

MnCl_2催化交叉偶联合成沙坦联苯的工艺改进

以对氯甲苯为原料,THF为溶剂,经 Grinard反应制得对甲苯基氯化镁格氏试剂,在MnCl2催化下格氏试剂与邻氯苯腈发生交叉偶联反应制得沙坦联苯,总收率80%,纯度大于99%.     

二步法合成凝胶星型聚合物

用含悬吊双键的微胶核为偶联剂,合成了不同支化度的苯乙烯-异戊二烯凝胶星型聚合物。紫外光谱测试发现二乙烯基苯可控制双键含量,链转移剂对微胶核的分子量影响较大。GPC跟踪偶联反应表明,偶联反应是快步骤,偶联度的增加是慢过程。要提高聚合物的支化度,必须考虑到空间位阻效应和双键包埋的影响。     

金属锡和三甲基氯硅烷存在下芳香醛、酮与醇的还原-偶联-醚化 反应

在三甲基氯硅烷(TMSCl)、四氢呋喃(THF)体系中,芳香醛、酮和醇在金属锡的作用下发生还原-偶联-醚化反应生成相应的频那醇二醚类化合物。文中对此反应的应用范围进行了探讨,并提出了合理的反应机理。     

星形偶联反应的动力学分析

<正> 链端带有一个官能团的聚合物与多官能团偶联剂之间的反应,是合成星形聚合物的主要途径之一。一些研究者已对上述反应作了统计分析。本文则严格求解了星形偶联反应的动力学微分方程组,得到了星形聚合物的各种分子参数与被偶联聚合物的分子参数之间的关系。     

钯催化下(Z)-3-碘-3-三氟甲基-1-芳基烯丙醇与末端炔 烃的偶联反应

在Pd(PPh~3)~4/CuI催化下和使用1mol的NEt~3作碱和THF作溶剂,(Z)-3-碘-3-三氟甲基-1-芳基烯丙醇(1)与末端炔烃(3)反应得到正常的偶联产物5。当以NEt~3作碱和溶剂,Pd(PPh~3)~4/CuI催化1与3的交叉偶联反应生成化合物4。4为正常偶联化合物5在NEt~3存在下双键发生重排反应的产物。     

新型芳基丙炔酸乙酯类化合物的合成

以Pd(PPh3)Cl2/CuI为催化剂,K2CO3为碱,在THF中实现了芳基碘与丙炔酸乙酯(2)的Sonogashira偶联反应,合成了两个新型的芳基丙炔酸乙酯类化合物。而芳基硼酸与2的反应则是在Cu I/Ag2O的催化下,以Cs2CO3为碱,在DCE溶剂中经Suzuki偶联实现的。化合物的结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS表征。     

含吡咯基亚胺配体稀土铕配合物催化合成胍

以2-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2N=CH)C4H3NH为配体与铕配合物[(Me3Si)2N]3Eu(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3反应,合成了三价铕金属配合物[2-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2N=CH)C4H3N]3Eu(THF),以此配合物为催化剂催化芳胺与N,N’-二异丙基碳二亚胺反应,得到一系列胍产物,研究了反应时间、温度、催化剂用量和溶剂对催化反应的影响。结果表明:铕配合物具有良好的催化活性,以2%mol的催化剂用量、在THF中加热60℃反应8 h,得到高于80%产率的相应胍产物。     

TiCl4-Mg介导的立体选择性的频哪醇偶联反应研究

以ＴｉＣｌ４－Ｍｇ和ＴｉＣｌ４－Ｍｇ－ＴＭＥＤＡ为偶联剂实现对芳香醛高非对映选择性的还原偶联反应。以３种类型的手性试剂对ＴｉＣｌ４－Ｍｇ系统进行修饰,对苯甲醛的反应最高可得到５０％对映体过量的偶联产物。     

Synthesis And Properties Of Functional Ultra-High Molecular Weight Transparent Styrene-Butadiene Block Copolymer

Functional ultra-high molecular weight transparent styrene-butadiene block copolymer possesses both high transparency and impact resistance and has excellent comprehensive properties prior to other transparent resins. In this paper we not only use anionic polymerization process which includes 1 time addition of initiator and 3 time addition of monomers, but also introduce functional coupling agent for the fist time to prepare mentioned functional block copolymer. The typical preparation proces…     

Grafting of styrene onto low molecular weight polymers and copolymers of butadiene

The grafting of styrene onto low molecular weight polybutadienes and butadiene–styrene co-polymers was studied. A mathematical method was used for the design of experiments and for the determination of the optimum grafting conditions with respect to the conversion of styrene and the efficiency of grafting. The reaction parameters were temperature (65–105°C), time (2–10 hr), concentration of the initiator, polymer to monomer ratio (10/90–90/10) and dilution by solvent (toluene). The optimum grafting conditions were chosen under which 50–60 wt-% of styrene was grafted onto backbone polymer at a high conversion of the monomer. It was found that the reactions producing graft copolymer prevailed over the styrene homopolymerization when the temperatures employed were lower (65–85°C), and the reaction time (8–10 hr), backbone polymer/monomer ratio, and the dilution by solvent were higher. The efficiency, density, and degree of grafting were found to increase with the increase in the molecular weight of the backbone polymer. The efficiencies and densities of grafting onto low molecular weight polybutedienes were higher than those of grafting onto low molecular weight butadiene–styrene copolymers. Grafting efficiencies and grafting densities were in the ranges 37.8–61.6 wt % and 0.06–0.26, respectively, in the studied range of number-average molecular weights (M?_n = 2400–6000).     

Synthesis of novel hydrocarbon polymers containing 6‐membered rings in the main chain: living anionic polymerization of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene

The n‐butyllithium (n‐BuLi)/N,N,N',N'‐tetrametylethylene‐diamine (TMEDA) system (the molar ratio of TMEDA to n‐BuLi higher than 4/4) has been found to polymerize 1,3‐cyclohexadiene (1,3‐CHD) to produce “living” polymer having narrow molecular weight distribution with well‐controlled polymer chain length. Binary and ternary block copolymers with narrow molecular weight distribution could be synthesized from 1,3‐cyclohexadiene, styrene, and butadiene with very high efficiency. These polymers and their hydrogenated derivatives have excellent thermal, mechanical, chemical, and optical properties for the new industrial materials.     

Anionic synthesis of polystyrene and polybutadiene heteroarm star polymers

The use of living linking reactions of poly(styryl)lithium with 1,3-bis(1-phenylvinyl)benzene followed by crossover reactions with styrene or butadiene monomers has been used to prepare four-armed heteroarm, star-branched polymers. Bimodal molecular weight distributions have been observed for crossover reactions with both styrene and butadiene. Addition of THF ([THF]/[Li]=14–32) for crossover to styrene and lithium sec-butoxide for crossover to butadiene produces monomodal molecular weight distributions. Symmetrical, four-armed star polystyrenes have been synthesized; properties have been compared with a corresponding polymer prepared via a silicon tetrachloride linking reaction. Heteroarm, star-branched polymers with two polystyrene arms and two polybutadiene arms with high 1,4-microstructure have been prepared.     

结构明确的梳形支化聚合物的合成与表征

通过活性聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚异戊二烯(PI)负离子与含1,1-二苯基乙烯(DPE)侧基的聚苯乙烯(PSe)的偶联反应合成了结构明确的每个重复单元含一条侧链的梳形支化聚合物,其中,PSe是通过Sc单体的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)和Wittig反应制得的.用IR1、H-NMR、GPC和SLS等测试方法对所得梳形支化聚合物进行了详细表征,讨论了活性负离子链与PSe的DPE基团的配比对接枝率的影响.结果表明,活性负离子链与DPE基团的偶联反应是高效的,可以通过调节活性负离子链与DPE基团的加料比来控制接枝率.另外,还讨论了PSe和活性负离子链的分子量对接枝率的影响.结果表明,在实验范围内当活性负离子链过量时可获得几乎定量的接枝率.     

活性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和溴甲基化聚苯乙烯偶合反应制备接枝共聚物

采用基团转移聚合、阴离子聚合以及高分子偶合反应的方法,合成了一种结构明确、链长均匀和分子量可控的聚苯乙烯接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。主链聚苯乙烯由阴离子聚合得到,并进行溴甲基化。支链活性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯由基团转移聚合制备。经偶合反应后得到分子量为3×10⁴～7×10⁴、多分散性指数D为1.2～1.4的接枝共聚物。溴甲基化聚苯乙烯和活性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的偶合反应活性随分子量的增大而降低,理想的反应温度为-20℃。用¹HNMR、GPC和DSC表征接枝产物。和均聚物相比,共聚物的玻璃化温度较低。     

Filler‐polymer interactions of styrene and butadiene units in silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber compounds

Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) is a copolymer of styrene and butadiene, and the butadiene unit is composed of cis‐1,4‐, trans‐1,4‐, and 1,2‐components. Filler‐polymer interactions of each component of SBR in silica‐filled SBR compounds were examined by microstructure analysis of the bound and unbound rubbers. The composition ratio of butadiene and styrene units (butadiene/styrene) of the bound rubber was higher than that of the compounded rubber. Of the butadiene units, the 1,2‐component of the bound rubber was more abundant than the cis‐1,4‐ and trans‐1,4‐components. The filler‐polymer interaction of the butadiene unit with silica was stronger than that of the styrene unit, and the interaction of the 1,2‐component was stronger as compared with the others. The butadiene–styrene ratio of the bound rubber of the compounds containing the silane coupling agent was lower than for the compounds without the silane. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 577–584, 2004     

Grafting by in situ coupling of epoxy groups of a living copolymer with an anionic living polymer

A tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of the living random copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was prepared by the living anionic copolymerization of the two monomers, using 1,1‐diphenylhexyllithium (DPHLi) as initiator, in the presence of LiCl ([LiCl]/[DPHLi]₀ = 3), at −50°C. The copolymer thus obtained has a controlled composition and molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution. By introduction of an anionic living polystyrene (poly(St)) or anionic living polyisoprene (poly(Is)) solution into the above system at −30°C, a coupling reaction took place and a graft copolymer with a polar backbone and nonpolar side chains was produced. The solvent used in the preparation of the living poly(St) or poly(Is) affects the coupling reaction. When benzene was the solvent, a graft copolymer of high purity, controlled graft number and molecular weight, and narrow molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n = 1.11–1.21) was obtained. In the coupling reaction, the living poly(St) reacted only with the epoxy groups and not with the carbonyls of the backbone polymer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 105–112, 1999     

Synthesis of Surface-Functionalized Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) Nanoparticles via Controlled/Living Radical Mini-emulsion Copolymerization Stabilized by Ammonolyzed Poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (SMA) RAFT Agent

A process for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization in a mini-emulsion system stabilized by ammnolyzed poly(styrene-alt- maleic anhydride) copolymer (SMA) as an amphiphilic macro RAFT agent has been applied to the copolymerization of styrene and butadiene to prepare nanoparticles. First, for the RAFT polymerization of styrene, the results of molecular weights (Mns) and polydispersity index (PDIs) determined by GPC showed that the RAFT mini-emulsion polymerization of styrene exhibited good controlled/living nature with a lower degree of aminolysis (～30%). Second, for the copolymerization of styrene and butadiene, before the gel point the molecular weight growth was followed during the polymerization by GPC and the results revealed that the GPC curve moves to the higher molecular weight indicating the formation of the copolymer. At low conversion, molecular weights (Mns) are in good agreement with theoretical prediction. The microphase separation of the copolymer nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).     

Polar,functionalized diene‐based materials. V. Free‐radical polymerization of 2‐[(N‐benzyl‐n‐methylamino)methyl]‐1,3‐butadiene and copolymerization with styrene

2‐[(N‐Benzyl‐N‐methylamino)methyl]‐1,3‐butadiene (BMAMBD), the first asymmetric tertiary amino‐containing diene‐based monomer, was synthesized by sulfone chemistry and a nickel‐catalyzed Grignard coupling reaction in high purity and good yield. The bulk and solution free‐radical polymerizations of this monomer were studied. Traditional bulk free‐radical polymerization kinetics were observed, giving polymers with 〈M_n〉 values of 21 × 10³ to 48 × 10³ g/mol (where M_n is the number‐average molecular weight) and polydispersity indices near 1.5. In solution polymerization, polymers with higher molecular weights were obtained in cyclohexane than in tetrahydrofuran (THF) because of the higher chain transfer to the solvent. The chain‐transfer constants calculated for cyclohexane and THF were 1.97 × 10^?3 and 5.77 × 10^?3, respectively. To further tailor polymer properties, we also completed copolymerization studies with styrene. Kinetic studies showed that BMAMBD incorporated into the polymer chain at a faster rate than styrene. With the Mayo–Lewis equation, the monomer reactivity ratios of BMAMBD and styrene at 75 °C were determined to be 2.6 ± 0.3 and 0.28 ± 0.02, respectively. Altering the composition of BMAMBD in the copolymer from 17 to 93% caused the glass‐transition temperature of the resulting copolymer to decrease from 64 to ?7 °C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3227–3238, 2001