Breaking the law: promoting domain-specificity in chemical education in the context of arguing about the periodic law

In this paper, domain-specificity is presented as an understudied problem in chemical education. This argument is unpacked by drawing from two bodies of literature: learning of science and epistemology of science, both themes that have cognitive as well as philosophical undertones. The wider context is students’ engagement in scientific inquiry, an important goal for science education and one that has not been well executed in everyday classrooms. The focus on science learning illustrates the role of domain specificity in scientific reasoning. The discussion on epistemology of science presents ideas from the emerging field of philosophy of chemistry to highlight the much neglected area of epistemology in chemical education. Domain-specificity is exemplified in the context of chemical laws, in particular the Periodic Law. The applications of the discussion for chemical education are explored in relation to argumentation, itself an epistemologically grounded discourse pattern in science. The overall implications include the need for reconceptualization of the nature of teaching and learning in chemistry to include more particular epistemological aspects of chemistry.     

元素周期表与化学教育 ——纪念门捷列夫元素周期表发表150周年

元素周期表的发表是化学知识领域的里程碑,其在化学,尤其是无机化学的学习和研究中的贯穿指导作用和重要性为大家所共识。本文讨论了元素周期表在大学无机化学中的教育作用和开展方式,提出周期表的应用要将化学史与化学教育有机结合。在此基础上,展望周期表未来的发展。     

On the calculation of expectation values and transition matrix elements by coupled cluster method

Summary Finite order expressions are derived for expectation values and transition matrix elements within the framework of the coupled cluster method.     

Some solved problems of the periodic system of chemical elements

Basic questions on the periodic system (PS) of chemical elements are still under discussion. Several common misconceptions will be resolved. The word “chemical element” comprises more than two concepts. The PS can be rationalized on a quantum chemical basis, namely with the aid of four concepts: (1) electron configurations of bonded atoms, (2) realistic sequences of orbital energies, (3) spatial extension of valence and Rydberg orbitals, and (4) energy gaps above the closed 1s² and np⁶ shells (n = 2–6). The PS of known elements cannot be naively extrapolated. The common discussion of the PS in textbooks of general, inorganic, and physical chemistry needs revision. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010     

华东师范大学青少年化学科普基地的探索与实践

为激发青少年科学兴趣、培养青少年化学探究与创新能力和拓展高等院校的社会服务功能,华东师范大学建设了面向社会开放的青少年化学科普基地。科普基地以化学探索工作室、化学实践工作室和化学实验数字化工作室为主体,在空间布局上突出化学特色,具有科技展馆的视觉效果。科普基地开设了系列化学科普讲座、系列趣味化学实验及化学探究课题,构建了"中小学生、在校师范生和中小学教师"三位一体的教学实践模式,在青少年化学知识普及和实践创新能力培养方面取得了较好的实践效果。华东师范大学化学科普基地实现了青少年科普基地与学校常规教学工作的有机结合,有效地解决了高校自身培养目标与服务社会之间的矛盾,希望能为高等院校科普基地的建设提供有益的借鉴。     

可互动的便携式元素周期表实物展盒

介绍了一款具有教学和科普功能的元素周期表实物展盒,它集趣味性、便携性与科普范围广等特点于一身。展盒内样品丰富、贴近生活,并与名为"爱猜元素"的app配合使用,拓展了元素知识内容。千余人参与科普互动的反馈表明:这款元素周期表实物展盒激发了大众的学习兴趣,使大众在轻松愉快的氛围中学习了化学元素知识,从科学的角度认识到化学元素与生活密切相关,具有很好的科普效果。     

亚里士多德的哲学元素观及其在化学中的演化

亚里士多德早在两千多年前就总结了古希腊自然哲学家们探索世界万物本原的思想成果,提出了与近代表述极其相近的古代元素概念。只是由于长期无人挖掘和论述,以致被埋没和误解。本文探讨了亚里士多德的哲学元素学说(包括元素概念和元素体系两部分内容)及其对近代化学、尤其是对近代化学元素论和原子论建立和发展的影响。指出了亚里士多德元素观中的“不可分性”概念,一直被近代化学元素论所继承和发展,直至现代科学元素学说建立后才被推翻。     

化学实验课程思政探索与实践

化学实验是理工类高校开设的重要基础课程,也是化学课程学习中不可缺少的组成部分。在实验教学过程中,充分挖掘相关的思政元素,并将其融合渗透于实验教学,不仅有助于学生深入理解学科知识,活跃课堂气氛,还可以激发他们的学习积极性,培养良好的职业素养和社会责任感,实现高等教育知识传授和价值引领的教学目的。     

化学品安全知识与应急科普宣传研究

Based on the theme of chemical awareness and safety accident response capability, this paper conducts a questionnaire survey for college students. In response to the survey results, scientific, popular, and novel offline activities/online publicity will be used to popularize chemical basics, relevant laws and regulations, and chemical safety accident emergency response methods for university students. The aim is to improve the level of understanding of various types of chemicals among college students. In the event of sudden chemical safety incidents, corrective measures can be taken, and useful information can be accurately identified after a chemical accident.     

化学与社会文理渗透型课程建设的实践与思考

在碳金融为首的化学与经济相结合的时代背景下,经济与管理专业的学生必须具备足够的化学知识以应对未来的挑战,化学的思维方式对经济与管理专业学生在研究问题时意义重大。在分析经济与管理专业生源差异的基础上,作者提出了从课程目标、教学内容以及教学方式上进行文理渗透型的化学与社会课程建设的方法。进一步提出了将传统的化学与社会课程与MOOC进行有机结合,使化学学习更加生趣和灵活化。     

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H alkylation of heterocycles with allylic alcohols in water: A reusable catalytic system for the synthesis of β-aryl ketones

A highly efficient, green and sustainable protocol for rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H alkylation of heterocycles with allylic alcohols has been achieved, which affords a series of β-aryl ketones in high yields. The reaction proceeds smoothly in water under air, and works well with heterocycles such as indoles, indolines, pyrroles and carbazoles. Notably, the expensive rhodium catalyst in water could be easily separated from the organic products, and reused for at least five times without loss of its catalytic activity and selectivity, which is a promising, green and sustainable pathway for the synthesis of β-aryl ketones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example for the reuse of expensive rhodium catalyst in water.     

A century on from Dmitrii Mendeleev: tables and spirals,noble gases and Nobel prizes

Mendeleev’s failure to represent the periodic system as a continuum may have hidden from him the space for the noble gases. A spiral format might have revealed the significance of the wide gaps in atomic mass between his rows. Tables overemphasize the division of the sequence into ‘periods’ and blocks. Not only do spirals express the continuity; in addition they are more attractive visually. They also facilitate a new placing for hydrogen and the introduction of an ‘element of atomic number zero’.

Interplay of thermochemistry and Structural Chemistry, the journal (volume 19, 2008) and the discipline

In the current review paper the content of the journal Structural Chemistry for the calendar year 2008 is related to thermochemistry. Papers are summarized and a thermochemical slant added. Often questions are asked and research topics suggested.     

Human hair as a marker of pollution by chemical elements emitted by a thermoelectric power plant

A preliminary study was undertaken to assess the risk posed to the environment and health of residents by trace elements released by fuel combustion in the thermoelectric power plant of Pian de’ Gangani (Montalto di Castro, Latium, Italy). In this context, analysis of human hair can be considered as an advantageous approach to monitor the exposure of population to the adverse effects of the power plant, which is now fully operative. To this purpose 92 healthy children (aged 9–10 years) were selected from two primary schools of Montalto di Castro and Pescia Romana. The young age of the donors guarantees that the effects of cosmetic treatment and occupational exposure on the representativeness of data are minimized. Hair samples were collected, washed and digested as prescribed by already well-established procedures. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were employed for the determination of the trace and minor elements of interest (As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn). The entire analytical procedure was checked for both measurement precision and accuracy by using the Certified Reference Material BCR No. 397 Human Hair. The mean values obtained were (in μg g⁻¹): As, 0.159±0.044; Ca, 393±187; Cd, 0.047±0.055; Co, 0.040±0.038; Cr, 0.704±0.208; Cu, 12.0±10.3; Fe, 12.1±10.8; Mg, 40.6±27.7; Mn, 0.383±0.296; Ni, 0.868±1.331; P, 141±138; Pb, 1.64±1.63; Sb, 0.041±0.058; Se, 0.430±0.135; Tl, 0.001±0.001; V, 0.185±0.158; and Zn, 177±173. These experimental figures can be assumed to be the baseline values prior to the full operation of the power plant. Within the next 4–5 years it is planned to conduct a similar study with a new group of subjects, comparable for age, sex, style of life and exposure mode, to the present ones so as to detect possible trends in the bioaccumulation of the above elements.     

低熟煤中常量、微量元素与煤生烃潜力参数的相关性研究

应用电离耦合等离子体原子反射光谱（ICP AES）和X射线荧光光谱（XRF），对新疆准噶尔六道湾侏罗纪低熟煤中36种微量元素的质量分数进行了测定，同时作岩石热解分析，有机碳测定，并对获取的各种数据进行回归分析，以考察它们之间的相关性。实验结果表明，除个别具有一定化学催化能力的元素外，多数常量元素及其所形成的矿物质，由于其对成煤有机物质的负增量作用，会明显降低煤的生烃潜力；微量元素对煤的生烃性能影响则较为复杂,既与其对煤的各种化学组成的有机亲和性之差异有关，亦与其在煤的大分子热裂解成烃中的某种化学催化作用有关。此外，由于某些微量元素所特有的古气候、古成煤沼泽类型的“指相”作用，亦能间接地指示煤的生烃潜力。其中Cu既是一个有着与煤的大分子物质较强亲和力的元素，又是一个可以显示古气候古成煤沼泽类型的“指相”元素，因而在指示煤的生烃潜力方面可能具有普适性。     

A minicomputer program based on additivity rules for the estimation of 13c-nmr chemical shifts

A minicomputer program for the estimation of ¹³C-n.m.r. chemical shifts based on simple additivity rules is described.     

Charge-transfer properties of the hydrogen bond: Part 6. Charge-transfer theory and dipole moments of hydrogen-bonded complexes

The enhancement of the dipole moments of hydrogen-bonded complexes are discussed using Mulliken's charge-transfer theory.A linear relation is found between the ratio a/b and the ionization potential of the donor, I^V_D. This behaviour is similar to that previously found for halogen charge-transfer complexes [6].     

第29届中国化学奥林匹克(决赛)实验试题的设计与解析

详细介绍和评析了第29届中国化学奥林匹克决赛实验试题;并详细介绍了实验设计思路和筛选过程,给出了评分规则制定的原则。