Derived space of L p (G, H)

Let G denote a locally compact abelian group and H a separable Hilbert space. Let L _p (G, H), 1 ≤ p < ∞, be the space of H-valued measurable functions which are in the usual L _p space. Motivated by the work of Helgason [1], Figa-Talamanca [11] and Bachelis [2, 3], we have defined the derived space of the Banach space L _p (G, H) and have studied its properties. Similar to the scalar case, we prove that if G is a noncompact, locally compact abelian group, then L _p ⁰ (G, H) = {0} holds for 1 ≤ p < 2. Let G be a compact abelian group and Γ be its dual group. Let S _p (G, H) be the L ₁(G) Banach module of functions in L _p (G, H) having unconditionally convergent Fourier series in L _p -norm. We show that S _p (G, H) coincides with the derived space L _p ⁰ (G, H), as in the scalar valued case. We also show that if G is compact and abelian, then L _p ⁰ (G, H) = L ₂(G, H) holds for 1 ≤ p ≤ 2. Thus, if F ∈ L _p (G, H), 1 ≤ p < 2 and F has an unconditionally convergent Fourier series in L _p -norm, then F ∈ L ₂(G, H). Let Ω be the set of all functions on Γ taking only the values 1, ?1 and Ω* be the set of all complex-valued functions on Γ having absolute value 1. As an application of the derived space L _p ⁰ (G, H), we prove the following main result of this paper. Let G be a compact abelian group and F be an H-valued function on the dual group Γ such that $$ \sum \omega (\gamma )F(\gamma )\gamma $$ is a Fourier-Stieltjes series of some measure µ ∈ M(G, H) for every scalar function ω such that |ω(γ)| = 1. Then F ∈ l ²(Γ, H).     

Greedy expansions in Hilbert spaces

We study the rate of convergence of expansions of elements in a Hilbert space H into series with regard to a given dictionary D. The primary goal of this paper is to study representations of an element f ∈ H by a series f ～ ∑ _j=1 ^∞ c _j (f)g _j (f), $g_j \left( f \right) \in \mathcal{D}$ . Such a representation involves two sequences: {g _j (f)} _j=1 ^∞ and {c _j (f) _j=1 ^∞ . In this paper the construction of {g _j (f)} _j=1 ^∞ is based on ideas used in greedy-type nonlinear approximation, hence the use of the term greedy expansion. An interesting open problem questions, “What is the best possible rate of convergence of greedy expansions for f ∈ A ₁(D)?” Previously it was believed that the rate of convergence was slower than $m^{ - \tfrac{1} {4}}$ . The qualitative result of this paper is that the best possible rate of convergence of greedy expansions for $f \in A_1 \left( \mathcal{D} \right)$ is faster than $m^{ - \tfrac{1} {4}}$ . In fact, we prove it is faster than $m^{ - \tfrac{2} {7}}$ .     

The Presentation Problem of the Conjugate Cone of the Hardy Space Hp (0 < p ≤ 1)

The Hardy space Hpis not locally convex if 0 < p < 1, even though its conjugate space(Hp) separates the points of Hp. But then it is locally p-convex, and its conjugate cone(Hp) p is large enough to separate the points of Hp. In this case, the conjugate cone can be used to replace its conjugate space to set up the duality theory in the p-convex analysis. This paper deals with the representation problem of the conjugate cone(Hp) p of Hpfor 0 < p ≤ 1, and obtains the subrepresentation theorem(Hp) p L∞(T, C p).     

The maximal Fejér operator on the spacesH p (R×···×R)

It is shown that the maximal operator of the Fejér means of a tempered distribution is bounded from thed-dimensional Hardy spaceH _p (R×···×R) toL _p (R ^d ) (1/2<p<∞) and is of weak type (H ₁ ^?i ,L ₁) (i=1,…,d), where the Hardy spaceH ₁ ^?i is defined by a hybrid maximal function. As a consequence, we obtain that the Fejér means of a functionf ∈H ₁ ^?i ?L(logL) ^d?1 converge a.e. to the function in question. Moreover, we prove that the Fejér means are uniformly bounded onH _p (R×···×R) whenever 1/2<p<∞. Thus, in casef ∈H _p (R×···×R) the Fejér means converge tof inH _p (R×···×R) norm. The same results are proved for the conjugate Fejér means, too.     

The relations among the three kinds of conditional risk measures

Let(Ω,E,P)be a probability space,F a sub-σ-algebra of E,Lp(E)(1 p+∞)the classical function space and Lp F(E)the L0(F)-module generated by Lp(E),which can be made into a random normed module in a natural way.Up to the present time,there are three kinds of conditional risk measures,whose model spaces are L∞(E),Lp(E)(1 p+∞)and Lp F(E)(1 p+∞)respectively,and a conditional convex dual representation theorem has been established for each kind.The purpose of this paper is to study the relations among the three kinds of conditional risk measures together with their representation theorems.We first establish the relation between Lp(E)and Lp F(E),namely Lp F(E)=Hcc(Lp(E)),which shows that Lp F(E)is exactly the countable concatenation hull of Lp(E).Based on the precise relation,we then prove that every L0(F)-convex Lp(E)-conditional risk measure(1 p+∞)can be uniquely extended to an L0(F)-convex Lp F(E)-conditional risk measure and that the dual representation theorem of the former can also be regarded as a special case of that of the latter,which shows that the study of Lp-conditional risk measures can be incorporated into that of Lp F(E)-conditional risk measures.In particular,in the process we find that combining the countable concatenation hull of a set and the local property of conditional risk measures is a very useful analytic skill that may considerably simplify and improve the study of L0-convex conditional risk measures.∞     

Cesàro summability of one- and two-dimensional Walsh-Fourier series

ВВОДьтсьp-кВАжИлОкАл ьНыЕ ОпЕРАтОРы И ОДНО МЕРНыЕ ДИАДИЧЕскИЕ МАРтИНг АльНыЕ пРОстРАНстВА хАРДИH _p . ДОкАжАНО, ЧтО ЕслИ сУБлИНЕИНыИ ОпЕРАтО РT p-кВАжИлОкАлЕН И ОгРА НИЧЕН ИжL _∞ ВL _∞, тО ОН ьВльЕтсь тАкжЕ ОгРАН ИЧЕННыМ ИжH _p ВL _p , (0<p<1). В кАЧЕстВЕ пРИ лОжЕНИь ДОкАжАНО, ЧтО МАксИМАльНыИ ОпЕРАт ОР ОДНОгО ЧЕжАРОВскОгО пАРАМЕтРА И МОДИФИцИ РОВАННых ЧЕжАРОВскИх сРЕДНИх МАРтИНгАлА ьВльЕтсь ОгРАНИЧЕННыМ ИжH _p ВL _p И ИМЕЕт слАБыИ тИп (L ₁,L ₁). Мы ВВОДИМ ДВУМЕРНыИ ДИА ДИЧЕскИИ гИБРИД пРОс тРАНстВ хАРДИH ₁ И пОкАжыВАЕМ, Ч тО МАксИМАльНыИ ОпЕРАт ОР сРЕДНИх ЧЕжАРО ДВУ МЕРНОИ ФУНкцИИ ИМЕЕт слАБыИ тИп (H ₁ ^# ,L ₁). тАк Мы пОлУЧАЕМ, Ч тО ДВУпАРАМЕтРИЧЕск ИЕ сРЕДНИЕ ЧЕжАРО ФУНкц ИИf ?H ₁ ^# ?L logL схОДьтсь пОЧтИ ВсУДУ к ИсхОДНОИ ФУНк цИИ.     

Singular integrals along Lipschitz curves with holomorphic kernels

If γ(x)=x+iA(x),tan ^?1‖A′‖_∞<ω<π/2,S _ω ⁰ ={z∈C}| |argz|<ω, or, |arg(-z)|<ω} We have proved that if φ is a holomorphic function in S _ω ⁰ and \(\left| {\varphi (z)} \right| \leqslant \frac{C}{{\left| z \right|}}\) , denotingT f (z)= ∫?(z-ζ)f(ζ)dζ, ?f∈C ₀(γ), ?z∈suppf, where C_c(γ) denotes the class of continuous functions with compact supports, then the following two conditions are equivalent:

1. T can be extended to be a bounded operator on L²(γ);
2. there exists a function ?₁ ∈H ^∞(S _ω ⁰ ) such that ?′₁(z)=?(z)+?(-z), ?z∈S _ω ⁰ ?z∈S _w ⁰ .

     

Equivalent boundedness of Marcinkiewicz integrals on non-homogeneous metric measure spaces

Let(X,d,μ)be a metric measure space satisfying the upper doubling condition and the geometrically doubling condition in the sense of Hyto¨nen.We prove that the L p(μ)-boundedness with p∈(1,∞)of the Marcinkiewicz integral is equivalent to either of its boundedness from L1(μ)into L1,∞(μ)or from the atomic Hardy space H1(μ)into L1(μ).Moreover,we show that,if the Marcinkiewicz integral is bounded from H1(μ)into L1(μ),then it is also bounded from L∞(μ)into the space RBLO(μ)(the regularized BLO),which is a proper subset of RBMO(μ)(the regularized BMO)and,conversely,if the Marcinkiewicz integral is bounded from L∞b(μ)(the set of all L∞(μ)functions with bounded support)into the space RBMO(μ),then it is also bounded from the finite atomic Hardy space H1,∞fin(μ)into L1(μ).These results essentially improve the known results even for non-doubling measures.     

On quasinormal,subnormal, and hyponormal Toeplitz operators

Let ? be a non-constant function inL ^∞(D) such thatφ=φ ₁+φ ₂, whereφ ₁ is an element in the Bergman spaceL _a ² (D), and \(\phi _2 \in \overline {L_a^2 (D)} \) , the space of all complex conjugates of functions inL _a ² (D). In this paper, it is shown that if 1 is an element in the closure of the range of the self-commutator ofT _?, \(T_{\bar \phi } T_\phi - T_\phi T\phi \) , then the Toeplitz operatorT _? defined ofL _a ² (D) is not quasinormal. Moreover, if \(\phi = \psi + \lambda \bar \psi \) , whereψ∈ H ^∞(D), and λεC, it is proved that ifT _? is quasinormal, thenT _? is normal. Also, the spectrum of a class of pure hyponormal Toeplitz operators is determined.     

Inequalities for entire functions of exponential type satisfying f(z) \equiv e^{i\gamma } e^{i\tau z} \overline {f(\bar z)}

Let f be an entire function of exponential type satisfying the condition $ f(z) \equiv e^{i\gamma } e^{i\tau z} \overline {f(\bar z)} $ for some real γ. Lower and upper estimates for ∫ _?∞ ^∞ |f′(x)| ^p dx in terms of ∫ _?∞ ^∞ |f(x)| ^p dx, for such a function f belonging to L ^p (R), have been known in the case where p ? [1, ∞) and γ = 0. In this paper, these estimates are shown to hold for any p ? (0, ∞) and any real γ.     

Lower bound and upper bound of operators on block weighted sequence spaces

Let $A = {({a_{n,k}})_{n,k \ge 1}}$ be a non-negative matrix. Denote by L _v,p,q,F (A) the supremum of those L that satisfy the inequality $$\parallel Ax{\parallel _{v,q,F}} \ge L\parallel x{\parallel _{v,p,F}}$$ where x ? 0 and x ε ? _p (v, F) and also v = (v _n ) _n=1 ^∞ is an increasing, non-negative sequence of real numbers. If p = q, we use L _v,p,F (A) instead of L _v,p,p,F (A). In this paper we obtain a Hardy type formula for L _v,p,q,F ( ${H_\mu }$ ), where ${H_\mu }$ is a Hausdorff matrix and 0 < q ? p ? 1. Another purpose of this paper is to establish a lower bound for ‖A _W ^NM ‖ _v,p,F , where A _W ^NM is the N?rlund matrix associated with the sequence W = {w _n } _n=1 ^t8 and 1 < p < ∞. Our results generalize some works of Bennett, Jameson and present authors.     

Atomic decomposition characterizations of weighted multiparameter Hardy spaces

Let w ?? A _??. In this paper, we introduce weighted-(p, q) atomic Hardy spaces H _w ^p,q (? ⁿ ×? ^m ) for 0 < p ? 1, q >q _w and show that the weighted Hardy space H _w ^p (? ⁿ × ? ^m ) defined via Littlewood-Paley square functions coincides with H _w ^p,q (? ⁿ × ? ^m ) for 0 < p ? 1, q > q _w . As applications, we get a general principle on the H _w ^p (? ⁿ × ? ^m ) to L _w ^p (? ⁿ ×? ^m ) boundedness and a boundedness criterion for two parameter singular integrals on the weighted Hardy spaces.     

Absolute convergence of Walsh-Fourier series and related results

We consider the Walsh orthonormal system on the interval [0, 1) in the Paley enumeration and the Walsh-Fourier coefficients $ \hat f $ (n), n ∈ ?, of functions f ∈ L ^p for some 1 < p ≤ 2. Our aim is to find best possible sufficient conditions for the finiteness of the series Σ _n=1 ^∞ a _n | $ \hat f $ (n)| ^r , where {a _n } is a given sequence of nonnegative real numbers satisfying a mild assumption and 0 < r < 2. These sufficient conditions are in terms of (either global or local) dyadic moduli of continuity of f. The sufficient conditions presented in the monograph [2] are special cases of our ones.     

Базисы из экспонент в пространствахL p

Let the rootsλ _n of an entire functionL(z) be separated and lie in some horizontal strip ¦Im z¦ ≦h, and suppose that $$0< c \leqq |L(z)|(1 + |z|)^{ - b} \exp ( - a|\operatorname{Im} z|) \leqq C< \infty$$ for ¦Imz¦≧H>h. If 1<p<2 and - 1/pq (1/q+1/p=1), then the system {exp (iλ _n x)} _n=0 ^∞ constitutes a basis нn the spaceL ^p (-a,a). In the caseb=1/q orb=?1/p the theorem fails, Equivalence of the following two statements is also proved:

1. {exp (iλ _n x)} _n=0 ^∞ is an extendable convergence system inL ^p from the interval (-a, a).
2. {exp (iλ _n x)} _n=0 ^∞ is a continuable basis inL ^p (-a,a).

     

Invariant Weighted Algebras ℒ p w (G)

The paper is devoted to weighted spaces ? _p ^w (G) on a locally compact group G. If w is a positive measurable function on G, then the space ? _p ^w (G), p ≥ 1, is defined by the relation ? _p ^w (G) = {f: fw ∈ ? _p (G)}. The weights w for which these spaces are algebras with respect to the ordinary convolution are treated. It is shown that, for p > 1, every sigma-compact group admits a weight defining such an algebra. The following criterion is proved (which was known earlier for special cases only): a space ? _p ^w (G) is an algebra if and only if the function w is semimultiplicative. It is proved that the invariance of the space ? _p ^w (G) with respect to translations is a sufficient condition for the existence of an approximate identity in the algebra ? _p ^w (G). It is also shown that, for a nondiscrete group G and for p > 1, no approximate identity of an invariant weighted algebra can be bounded.     

Martingale Hardy spaces and the dyadic derivative

It is shown that the maximal operator of the one-dimensional dyadic derivative of the dyadic integral is bounded from the dyadic Hardy-Lorentz spaceH _p,q toL _p,q (1/2<p<∞, 0<q≤∞) and is of weak type (L ₁,L ₁). We define the twodimensional dyadic hybrid Hardy spaceH ₁ ^‖ and verify that the corresponding maximal operator of a two-dimensional function is of weak type (H ₁ ^‖ ,L ₁). As a consequence, we obtain that the dyadic integral of a two-dimensional functionfεH ₁ ^‖ ?LlogL is dyadically differentiable and its derivative is a.e.f.     

Inversion complexity of self-correcting circuits for a certain sequence of boolean functions

The asymptotics L _k ^? (f ₂ ⁿ ) ?? n min{k+1, p} is obtained for the sequence of Boolean functions $f_2^n \left( {x_1 , \ldots ,x_n } \right) = \mathop \vee \limits_{1 \leqslant i < j \leqslant n}$ for any fixed k, p ?? 1 and growing n, here L _k ^? (f ₂ ⁿ ) is the inversion complexity of realization of the function f ₂ ⁿ by k-self-correcting circuits of functional elements in the basis B = {&, ?}, p is the weight of a reliable invertor.     

Fourier multipliers for Sobolev spaces on the Heisenberg group

In this paper, it is shown that the class of right Fourier multipliers for the Sobolev space W ^k,p (H ⁿ ) coincides with the class of right Fourier multipliers for L ^p (H ⁿ ) for k ∈ ?, 1 < p < ∞. Towards this end, it is shown that the operators R _j $ \bar R $ _j ?^?1 and $ \bar R $ _j R _j ?^?1 are bounded on L ^p (H ⁿ ), 1 < p < ∞, where $$ R_j = \frac{\partial } {{\partial z_j }} - \frac{i} {4}\bar z_j \frac{\partial } {{\partial t}}, \bar R_j = \frac{\partial } {{\partial \bar z_j }} + \frac{i} {4}z_j \frac{\partial } {{\partial t}} $$ and ? is the sublaplacian on H ⁿ . This proof is based on the Calderon-Zygmund theory on the Heisenberg group. It is also shown that when p = 1, the class of right multipliers for the Sobolev space W ^k,1(H ⁿ ) coincides with the dual space of the projective tensor product of two function spaces.     

Weighted norm inequalities for the vectorvalued Hardy-Littlewood maximal functions of one parameter rectangles

Let N denote the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator for the familyR of one parameter rectangles. In this paper, we obtain that for 1 _w ^p (l^r) to L _W ^P (l^r) if and only if w ∈ A_P(R); for 1≤p<∞, N is bounded from L _W ^P (l^r) to weak L _W ^P (l^r) if and only if W ∈ A_P(R). Here we say W∈A_p (1), if $$\begin{gathered} \mathop {sup}\limits_{R \in R} \left( {\tfrac{1}{{|R|}}\smallint _r wdx} \right)\left( {\tfrac{1}{{|R|}}\smallint _R w^{ - 1/(p - 1)} dx} \right)^{p - 1}< \infty ,1< p< \infty , \hfill \\ (Nw)(x) \leqslant Cw(x)a.e.,p = 1 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ ,     

On the basis property of a trigonometric system arising in the Frankl problem

We consider the function system {cos4nθ} _n=0 ^∞ , {sin(4n ? 1)θ} _n=1 ^∞ , which arises in the Frankl problem in the theory of elliptic-hyperbolic equations. We show that this system is a Riesz basis in the space L ₂(0, π/2) and construct the biorthogonal system.