416nm纳秒脉冲激光对CCD损伤机理研究

开展了416 nm纳秒脉冲激光对CCD的损伤实验,观察到了CCD从点损伤到线损伤,再到面损伤的过程,并计算出了点损伤、线损伤和面损伤所对应的损伤能量密度阈值分别为16.7 mJ/cm2～71.9 mJ/cm2、61.0 mJ/cm2～207.8 mJ/cm2和352.6 mJ/cm2;通过对不同损伤状态CCD的损伤点表...     

飞秒激光-物质相互作用产生Kα X射线

用无色散X射线谱仪分别在靶前后测量了飞秒激光辐照铜箔产生的Kα X射线,获得了能量转换效率。入射激光脉冲宽度33 fs,能量在50 mJ～5 J,强度1017～1019 W/cm2。靶后发射的Kα X射线强度随入射激光能量的增加而增加,其单色性较靶前好。采用100 μm厚靶,其能量转换率为2.2×10-5。     

多波长拉曼激光对CCD损伤实验研究

本文开展了多波长纳秒脉冲拉曼激光对行间转移CCD相机的损伤实验。分别研究了496 nm、574 nm、630 nm单波长拉曼激光与混合输出的多波长拉曼激光对CCD的点损伤、线损伤和面损伤情况,测量了不同波长拉曼激光的损伤阈值区间,并根据损伤情况统计拟合,获得了不同波长拉曼激光能量与损伤概率的关系曲线。实验结果表明：混合波长拉曼激光对CCD的损伤阈值低于单波长拉曼激光的损伤阈值,不同波长拉曼激光对于CCD的损伤阈值也存在区别,其中630 nm拉曼激光的损伤阈值低于496 nm激光,574 nm激光的损伤阈值介于496 nm和630 nm拉曼激光之间。在此基础上,通过分析CCD不同损伤情况的显微图像,以及受损伤CCD的电子学特性,对拉曼激光损伤CCD的机理进行了探讨。     

532 nm激光辐照下ZnSe薄膜光学特性研究

采用电子束热蒸发技术制备了ZnSe薄膜,研究了532 nm波长的不同能量(2.0 mJ、2.5 mJ、3.0 mJ)、不同脉冲数(3、10、15)激光诱导前后,ZnSe薄膜的透射率、折射率、消光系数、损伤阈值(LIDT)的变迁。研究结果显示,在能量为2.0 mJ激光辐照后,ZnSe薄膜折射率提高,透射率下降。相比较能量为2.5 mJ、3.0 mJ激光辐照,在能量为2.0 mJ激光辐照后折射率提高最明显,由2.489 4提高到2.501 6。薄膜损伤阈值从0.99 J/cm2提高到1.39 J/cm2(10脉冲辐照);薄膜的损伤经过了无损伤到严重损伤突变的损伤演变过程。采用原子力显微镜对预处理后薄膜表面粗糙度进行检测,发现激光预处理后的薄膜表面粗糙度Ra有所下降,从0.563 nm降低到0.490 nm(15脉冲激光辐照)。     

飞秒激光对镍基合金的损伤机制和阈值行为

针对飞秒激光加工镍基单晶高温合金材料,在能量密度为0~12.8J/cm2和脉冲个数为0~8000范围内,对表面损伤和加工侧壁区域进行了显微形貌分析,研究了不同能量密度和脉冲个数情况下的损伤机制,不同损伤机制的损伤阈值和热效应。镍基单晶高温合金经飞秒激光加工后,呈现两种损伤机制,分别为非热熔性损伤和热熔性损伤,单脉冲损伤阈值分别为0.23J/cm2和1.21J/cm2,孕育系数分别为0.90和0.92。在此基础上,建立了损伤机制和损伤阈值与能量密度和脉冲个数的定量关系,实验结果对加工无微裂纹和无再铸层的高质量镍基航空器件的工艺选择有实际指导意义。     

平顶激光束诱导薄膜损伤阈值测量系统

为了满足快速、精确、定量地测量薄膜激光损伤阈值的要求,设计了平顶激光束诱导薄膜损伤阈值测量系统.介绍了损伤阈值测量的原理和方法,提出二分查找与顺序查找相结合的能量密度查找方式;根据分光镜的分光比及能量探测器示值求解辐照激光能量,用CCD成像法精密测量了作用在薄膜表面的激光光斑面积;基于小波变换法,通过图像处理精确识别了薄膜的损伤;建立能量密度与损伤几率坐标并进行最小二乘法拟合,对损伤阈值进行了标定.对45°高反射膜分别进行了高斯光束辐照和平顶光束辐照的测量实验,结果表明:高斯光束辐照测量的损伤阈值为9.95J/cm~2,平顶光束辐照测量的损伤阈值为13.98J/cm~2,平顶光束诱导比高斯光束诱导的损伤阈值高40.5%.     

实时测量308 nm 激光对薄膜的损伤阈值

用散射光法, 建立了一套实时监视与测量308nm 激光对全反膜和增透膜的损伤的实验装置。实时观察到了损伤从起始、加深直至饱和的整个过程的波形。用这一装置测量了全反膜和增透膜在308nm 激光作用下的损伤阈值。测得全反膜在0°与45°入射角时的损伤阈值分别为1.7与1.0J/cm2。而增透膜的阈值为1.3J/cm2。     

飞秒激光-物质相互作用产生K_α X射线(英文)北大核心CSCD

用无色散X射线谱仪分别在靶前后测量了飞秒激光辐照铜箔产生的KαX射线,获得了能量转换效率。入射激光脉冲宽度33 fs,能量在50 mJ^5 J,强度1017~1019W/cm2。靶后发射的KαX射线强度随入射激光能量的增加而增加,其单色性较靶前好。采用100μm厚靶,其能量转换率为2.2×10-5。     

硅光电二极管激光损伤阈值随激光脉宽的变化

对飞秒激光辐照下硅光电二极管损伤阈值进行了实验测量,对从1s到60fs不同脉宽激光辐照下硅光电二极管损伤阈值进行了讨论。实验数据表明,在1s到10ns脉宽范围内损伤所需能量密度近似而非严格地与脉宽的平方根成正比。信号分析表明硅光电二极管的损伤主要由热效应造成,而60fs激光辐照下的损伤阈值为0.1J/cm2,明显偏离普通温度分布预言的趋势。     

飞秒激光诱导硬质合金YG6表面累积效应

采用波长800nm的飞秒激光对硬质合金YG6表面进行多脉冲加工,利用光学显微镜测量微凹坑损伤形貌及损伤直径,研究了飞秒激光在不同能量密度和脉冲数下硬质合金YG6的损伤阈值和损伤直径的变化规律及其损伤机制.试验结果表明:硬质合金YG6的多脉冲损伤阈值随着脉冲数增加而降低,呈现明显的累积效应.试验得到了多脉冲飞秒激光加工YG6的损伤阈值、损伤直径与脉冲数及中心能量密度的定量关系,YG6多脉冲损伤阈值主要与脉冲数相关,由单脉冲损伤阈值和累积系数共同决定,试验得到YG6单脉冲损伤阈值为1.14±0.06J/cm2,累积系数为0.84±0.02.损伤直径主要与光束中心能量密度和脉冲数相关,由光束束腰半径,单脉冲损伤阈值和累积系数共同决定.试验采用多组平均功率和脉冲数对YG6进行烧蚀,验证了单脉冲损伤阈值和累积系数的可靠性.     

Femtosecond and nanosecond laser damage thresholds of doped and undoped triazenepolymer thin films

The influence of pulse duration on the laser-induced damage in undoped or infrared-absorbing-dye doped thin triazenepolymer films on glass substrates has been investigated for single, near-infrared (800 nm) Ti:sapphire laser pulses with durations ranging from 130 fs up to 540 fs and complementarily for infrared (1064 nm) Nd:YAG ns-laser single-pulse irradiation. The triazenepolymer material has been developed for high resolution ablation with irradiation at 308 nm. Post-irradiation optical microscopy observations have been used to determine quantitatively the threshold fluence for permanent laser damage. In contrast to our previous studies on a triazenepolymer with different composition [J. Bonse, S.M. Wiggins, J. Solis, T. Lippert, Appl. Surf. Sci. 247 (2005) 440], a significant dependence of the damage threshold on the pulse duration is found in the sub-picosecond regime with values ranging from ∼500 mJ/cm² (130 fs) up to ∼1500 mJ/cm² (540 fs). Other parameters such as the film thickness (50 nm and 1.1 μm samples) or the doping level show no significant influence on the material behavior upon irradiation. The results for fs- and ns-laser pulse irradiation are compared and analyzed in terms of existent ablation models.     

Design and performance of a transverse discharge, UV-preionized mercury-bromide laser

The design, construction, and operating characteristics of a pulsed, transverse discharge-pumped HgBr laser, capable of operation at pulse repetition frequencies as high as 100 Hz, are presented. Having an active length of 53 cm, this laser system is preionized by two sets of spark arrays and average single pulse energies of 55 mJ are produced from Ne/N₂/HgBr₂ (natural abundance) vapor mixtures, with an output coupling of 50% and 17 J of energy stored in the pulse forming network. Based on measurements of the laser pulse energy for several values of cavity output coupling, the small signal gain coefficient and saturation intensity for the laser were determined to be 4.7% cm^–1 and 260 kW cm^–2, respectively. The single pass gain-to-loss ratio is 12.4.     

High-energy PPMgLN optical parametric oscillator pumped by a 1.064 μm E-O Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser

A high-energy PPMgLN optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by a E-O Q-switched Nd:YAG laser working at 1.064 μm was successfully illustrated. A maximum output pulse energy of 3.4 mJ was obtained with a pump threshold of 1.5 mJ and a slope efficiency of 30% around room temperature. The OPO output signal and idler wavelength were 1552 and 3384 nm, respectively. The damage to the input surface of PPMgLN crystal was carefully observed with a damage threshold of 4.6 J/cm².     

Micromachining of a thin film by laser ablation using femtosecond laser with masks

A gold thin film was machined by laser ablation using a femtosecond laser with mask patterns in the shape of lines and numbers. The patterns were successfully transferred with proper focusing and laser fluence. The optimal femtosecond laser fluence to keep the line width was about 5.2 mJ/cm² on the mask, and 99 mJ/cm² on the film. The processing resolution was 13 μm, and the narrowest line width was about 4 μm.     

CCD强光串扰效应的串扰线缺口现象及其机制

在激光辐照行间转移CCD相机的实验中发现了关于CCD串扰效应的一个新现象,即在串扰线上出现缺口,该缺口紧邻主光斑上侧且随光强增大而减小。基于行间转移面阵CCD的构造和工作过程,利用CCD串扰效应的一种新机制对现象作出了合理的解释。串扰线的形成依赖于在垂直转移动作过程中CCD信号积分势阱中的载流子向垂直转移CCD寄存器中的溢出。串扰线上缺口的出现则是由于CCD的信号积分势阱被读出转移动作清空后再次填满需要经过一定时间,该时间内无信号电荷溢出至转移沟道;读出转移清空存储势阱的时刻是构成主光斑的主体信号电荷按正常时序进入垂直转移CCD寄存器的时刻,故缺口紧邻主光斑的上侧;光强越大,光电子再次填满存储势阱乃至溢出形成串扰线所需要的时间越短,则缺口越小。     

Absorption and thermal study of dental enamel when irradiated with Nd:YAG laser with the aim of caries prevention

It is widely recognized that Nd:YAG can increase enamel resistance to demineralization; however, the safe parameters and conditions that enable the application of Nd:YAG laser irradiation in vivo are still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine a dye as a photoabsorber for Nd:YAG laser and to verify in vitro a safe condition of Nd:YAG irradiation for caries prevention. Fifty-eight human teeth were selected. In a first morphological study, four dyes (waterproof India ink., iron oxide, caries indicator and coal paste) were tested before Nd:YAG laser irradiation, under two different irradiation conditions: 60 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz (84.9 J/cm²); 80 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz (113.1 J/cm²). In a second study, the enamel surface and pulp chamber temperatures were evaluated during laser irradiations. All dyes produced enamel surface melting, with the exception of the caries indicator, and coal paste was the only dye that could be completely removed. All irradiation conditions produced temperature increases of up to 615.08°C on the enamel surface. Nd:YAG laser irradiation at 60 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz and 84.9 J/cm² promoted no harmful temperature increase in the pulp chamber (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Among all dyes tested, the coal paste was an efficient photoabsorber for Nd:YAG irradiation, considered feasible for clinical practice. Nd:YAG laser at 84.9 J/cm² can be indicated as a safe parameter for use in caries prevention.     

长脉冲激光对组成CCD图像传感器的MOS光敏单元的硬破坏机理研究

以帧转移型面阵CCD图像传感器为例,采用有限元法研究了波长1.06 μm,脉宽ms量级长脉冲Nd:YAG激光与组成CCD传感器的MOS光敏单元的作用过程及硬破坏机理.建立了长脉冲激光辐照MOS光敏单元的热力耦合模型,模拟了MOS光敏单元的温度分布和应力分布.研究结果表明:在长脉冲激光作用下,由于S层表面径向压应力超过其抗压强度引起MOS光敏单元出现了OS层间分裂,进而受径向、环向和轴向压应力的共同作用下,在光敏单元还未熔融时,层间分裂就扩大至光敏单元的整个OS层间.OS层间完全分裂会使光敏单元发生硬破坏,并造成CCD传感器中激光照射区的单个或一列光敏单元的功能完全失效.文章的研究结果可为CCD图像传感器的激光损伤及防护提供必要的理论依据. 关键词： 长脉冲激光 CCD图像传感器 硬破坏机理 层间分裂     

1.444 mm Nd:YAG激光器的实验研究

在理论分析的基础上设计了直腔结构1.444 mm Nd:YAG激光器,并进行了实验研究。获得了1.444 mm激光输出,当泵浦能量为55 J时,其最高静态激光输出310 mJ。电-光转换效率为0.56%,斜效率为0.81%。并实现了1.444 mm调Q输出,脉冲输出能量18 mJ,脉宽150 ns。     

激光脉冲能量对激光诱导Al等离子体辐射特征的影响

使用Nd：YAG激光器烧蚀金属Al靶获得等离子体,利用光谱时-空分辨技 术,在52 mJ～145 mL/pulse激光脉冲能量范围内,关于激光脉冲能量对激光诱导等离子体 辐射特征的影响进行了研究。使用的气体是Ar气,压强为10 kPa。结果发现,激光脉冲能量 升高,引起特征谱线强度增加,连续谱强度也增加;但能量过高,会击穿周围气体,产生气 体微等离子体。此时,特征谱和连续谱几乎不再增强;最大特征辐射强度在145 mJ、10 kPa 、靶前0.1 mm处、延时180 ns获得;同一条件下获得最强背景连续谱,而信号-背景差是在 145 mJ、10 kPa、靶前1.0 mm处、延时450 ns达到最大值。基于Al等离子体不同激光脉冲能 量下的时间-空间分辨谱,对结果进行了简单的讨论。并分别确定了获得最大特征辐射和信 号-背景差的条件。