变刚度群桩基础沉降计算研究

针对现行规范《建筑桩基技术规范》(JGJ94-94)无法计算变刚度群桩基础沉降的现状, 在前人建立单桩柔度矩阵的基础上,推导出变刚度两根桩、三根桩乃至群桩的沉降计算理论 半解析解. 并以均布9桩、变桩长9桩为例,计算其桩顶柔度系数的变化趋势. 结果表明, 中桩长、边桩次之、角桩短的变刚度群桩基础具有减小差异沉降的功能. 该方法对中国制定变刚 度群桩基础技术规范具有借鉴意义.     

基于群桩振动方程组的群桩基础阻抗函数求解及比较

本文首先在位移场叠加的基础上,对经典的单桩振动方程进行了修正得到群桩振动方程组;然后根据群桩振动方程组的近似求解,导出了群桩阻抗函数求解的常用方法一群桩阻抗方程方法。本文中给出的群桩阻抗方程方法在具体的表达形式上与常见的阻抗方程计算方法略有差别;而后根据振动方程组系数矩阵在复空间为正规阵的性质,提出了该四阶耦合微分方程组解耦求解的详细步骤,在直接求解微分方程组的基础上给出了群桩基础阻抗计算的一种新方法。与阻抗方程方法相比较,新方法未采用柔度因子来考虑桩与桩之间的相互影响,而是通过耦合的运动方程组对桩与桩之间的相互作用作了新的表述,并且近似地考虑了屏蔽效应。本文最后给出了上述两种计算方法的数值算例。     

用薄层法分析层状地基中各种基础的阻抗函数

薄层法是分析和模拟弹性波在层状介质中传播的一种半解析半数值方法.采用薄层单元和傍轴边界分别模拟层状地基和弹性半空间.利用薄层法位移基本解和容积法推导了层状地基中基础-地基动力相互作用方程及块式基础、桩基础和承台群桩基础阻抗函数的统一计算公式.通过计算半无限弹性地基中桩基础、块式基础和二层地基上基础的阻抗函数验证了方法的适用性.进而计算了某实际层状地基中承台群桩基础的阻抗函数,并与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好.本文方法可用于分析弹性层状地基中各种基础的阻抗函数.     

群桩作用机理的数值试验研究

在分析桩土支撑体系及其相互作用关系的基础上，利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了群桩体系计算模型．通过对均质土体例题计算结果分析，可以看出利用该建模方法与传统解答有很好的一致性．根据辽宁工程技术大学实验馆场地土实测资料，利用该建模方法，求解出了承台与桩的荷载分担比，对安全、经济地进行群桩基础设计具有重要指导作用和应用价值．     

土-桩-结构相互作用体系随机地震反应分析

本文采用随机振动理论与有限元技术相结合的方法，以基岩随机地震作为输入，对群桩基础和土-桩-结构相互作用体系进行了三维随机地震反应分析。文中首先以一3X3群桩基础作为分析模型，探讨了桩-土-桩动力相互作用对承台随机地震反应的影响；然后，用单自由度体系模拟上部结构，分析了上部结构惯性对桩基承台随机地震反应的影响。在此基础上，以某桥桥墩为背景，用多自由度体系模拟上部结构，建立了土-桩-结构相互作用体系的三维分析模型，获得了桩基承台的功率谱响应、以及桩顶处的主应力标准差和主应力速率标准差等结果，探讨了群桩顶部各桩主应力标准差的分布规律，得到了一些有应用价值的结果。     

群桩作用机理的数值试验研究

 在分析桩土支撑体系及其相互作用关系的基础上，利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了群桩 体系计算模型. 通过对均质土体例题计算结果分析，可以看出利用该建模方法与传统解答有 很好的一致性. 根据辽宁工程技术大学实验馆场地土实测资料，利用该建模方法，求解出了承台与桩的 荷载分担比，对安全、经济地进行群桩基础设计具有重要指导作用和应用价值.     

黄土地基中大直径超长群桩基础受力特性的模型实验研究

通过室内模型试验,对黄土地基中大直径超长群桩基础的承载-沉降关系、承台下土体附加应力的分布及发展、桩土承载情况以及不同位置桩的受力特性分别进行了研究。结果表明:黄土地基中大直径超长群桩基础荷载-沉降曲线呈缓变型且没有明显拐点,故群桩基础的极限承载力应综合沉降-时间对数s-lgt曲线和荷载-沉降Q-s曲线来确定。承台下土体附加应力分布为边缘大中心小。不同位置的桩承载性能不同,总体上是角桩(6#桩)最大,边桩(5#桩)次之,中心桩(1#桩)最小;同时各桩的桩侧摩阻力及桩身轴力沿桩长的变化也有所不同。     

单桩沉降可靠度的配点谱随机有限元分析

基于配点的谱随机有限元方法(CSFEM)可以实现随机分析与确定性有限元分析的解耦,并通过采样,重复多次确定性有限元分析,从而得到随机有限元的解.本文以处于粘土中的柔性单桩为例,用CSFEM 方法对线性土弹簧及非线性土弹簧时的单桩沉降进行随机有限元分析,计算了沉降可靠度指标,并与蒙特卡罗模拟的结果对比.算例结果显示,CS...     

用优化方法确定桩基的荷载传递函数

传递函数法计算单桩沉降及轴力的关键在于确定桩身和桩端的传递函数本文提出了根据室内砼和岩土试验所得到的荷载传递函数的数学表达式，结合桩基静载荷试桩资料用改进的Ｐｏｗｅｌ法确定数学模型中的待定参数来获得桩基的荷载传递函数     

桩土共同作用的位移影响系数的计算

本文对十分繁冗的单桩位移影响系数和桩对桩位移影响系数的计算提出简易解法。对单桩的各种参数给出笔算的解析式。将桩对桩和桩对土的位移影响系数计算归并于单桩位移影响系数计算公式中。将简化计算解与精确解进行详尽的比较和细致的分析,给出简化计算解的最大相对误差范围,而简化计算结果足以满足工程要求。     

A modified variational approach for the analysis of piled raft foundation

A modified variational approach is presented to study the behavior of piled raft foundation under vertical loads. The free-body for analysis is a flexible raft isolated from piled raft foundation instead of pile group–soil system or whole pile raft system, which are usually used in other researches. The deflected shape of raft is represented by a function with a set of undetermined coefficients and the interactions between piles and/or the surface loads of soil are evaluated by a simplified approximate analytical solution. The response of the piled raft system is determined by the principle of minimum potential energy. Compared to other rigorous approaches, the present method is computationally efficient and inexpensive. The solutions obtained using the present method of analysis are shown to be in good agreement with other available published results.     

A method of analysis for end and transitional effects in anisotropic cylinders

We present a rigorous verification study and an extension to an existing semi-analytical finite element formulation for analysis of end and transition effects in prismatic cylinders. End and transition effects in stressed cylinders are phenomena associated with the difference between results that are predicted by the Saint–Venant solutions and the actual point-wise conditions. These differences manifest themselves as self-equilibrated stress states. Notwithstanding certain well-known exceptions (e.g., restrained torsion of open thin-walled sections), such effects in isotropic cylinders are usually confined to a very small neighborhood of a terminal boundary or transition zone, and are typically neglected. For anisotropy, as in the case of most smart/active and composite material systems, they can persist much further into the interior of the structure, and need to be quantified to design geometry transition zones and to fully understand the delamination effects. In the semi-analytical approach, we first discretize the governing equations within the cross-sectional plane of the cylinder. The end-solution fields satisfy the homogeneous form of the resulting semi-analytical system of ordinary differential equations. This leads to an algebraic eigenvalue problem, and an eigenfunction expansion of the stress and displacement fields due to end effects. Unique to the present study, we formulate a procedure to quantify the transitional effects for end-to-end connected cylinders for which the displacement and stress continuity along the transition interface need to be enforced. The semi-analytical approach has several distinct advantages: (i) It is computationally efficient, as only the cross-sectional geometry is discretized; (ii) it can be applied to arbitrary cross-sectional geometries and the most general form of anisotropy; and (iii) it yields direct measures for the decay lengths (or decay rates) of any end-or transition-solution field. Analytical solutions to end-effect problems are scarce. Those that exist are for simple geometry and material constitution. We use these analytical solutions, as well as solutions obtained using three-dimensional finite element models, to verify our approach and to assess its efficiency.     

A simplified solution for piled-raft foundation analysis by using the two-phase approach

In common practice, the pile–soil–raft interaction still remains a challenging problem in the analysis of piled-raft foundations. In the present study, a simplified analytical approach is introduced to analyze a vertically-loaded piled-raft foundation by using a developed homogenization technique called the two-phase approach. In spite of classical and simplified methods in the literature, the proposed method considers the pile–soil interaction. The other major advantage is the ability to predict the axial pile load along the pile length. The problem is solved in the domain of elasticity and simple closed-form solutions are presented for the prediction of the settlement and the pile load sharing of a piled raft as well as the pile's axial force distribution along its length. The applicability of the proposed method is validated by considering case studies and field measurements. A comparison of the results indicates that the method can be utilized safely in a proper, quick, and effective manner with the least computational effort in comparison with sophisticated numerical approaches. The raft settlement can be accurately predicted while the pile load sharing might be over/under estimated. A parametric study is also carried out to investigate the response of piled-raft foundations including the influence of the parameters of the soil and the geometric characteristics of the piles.     

桩侧扰动分区饱和土中桩竖向振动特性研究

考虑沉桩过程中桩周土受到扰动产生软化或硬化的现象,建立了饱和土中径向分区桩竖向振动简化模型,通过分离变量方法,得到了桩竖向振动频域解析解和时域半解析解。分析了分区土对桩竖向振动特性的影响,数值计算结果表明,土层模量比、分区半径和桩底支承系数对桩竖向振动有较明显的影响。研究结果还表明,在较强的振动作用下,由于分区软化或强...     

用二次形函数薄层法分析弹性层状地基中的动力问题

薄层法是分析和模拟弹性波在层状介质中传播的一种半解析半数值方法。本文在土层垂直方向离散中利用Galerkin加权残值法推导出二次形函数薄层元的计算公式。采用薄层单元模拟半空间上的层状场地,模型底面用阻尼器边界或傍轴边界代替半空间。利用点源简谐荷载作用下的土层反应与其它数值分析方法的对比讨论薄层模型的设置指标。并用一次和二次两种形函数离散方法计算了层状地基中的面波频散曲线、圆形均布简谐荷载作用下弹性半空间的位移反应和半无限地基中单桩的竖向阻抗函数,分别讨论其计算精度。     

层状地基中的单桩沉降分析

本文利用薄层法得出层状地基在内、外部荷载作用下的位移格林函数,并由此结果求得层状地基的柔度矩阵。在此基础上,文中利用子结构法分析单桩的沉降问题,并与工程实测进行了比较,二者较为一致,说明了本文方法的有效性。     

A semi-analytical approach for calculating the equilibrium structure and radial breathing mode frequency of single-walled carbon nanotubes

A semi-analytical model for determining the equi-librium configuration and the radial breathing mode (RBM) frequency of single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is pre-sented. By taking advantage of the symmetry characteristics, a CNT structure is represented by five independent vari-ables. A line search optimization procedure is employed to determine the equilibrium values of these variables by minimizing the potential energy. With the equilibrium con-figuration obtained, the semi-analytical model enables an efficient calculation of the RBM frequency of the CNTs. The radius and radial breathing mode frequency results obtained from the semi-analytical approach are compared with those from molecular dynamics (MD) and ab initio calculations. The results demonstrate that the semi-analytical approach offers an efficient and accurate way to determine the equilib-rium structure and radial breathing mode frequency of CNTs.     

Parametric study of the distribution of the tensile stresses in pavilion structures constituted by four sectors of barrel shells

A semi-analytical approach is followed in order to obtain an approximate solution for an analytical model describing the static behaviour of pavilion shells. With the aim to parametrically investigate the distribution of the linear elastic tensile stresses, a linear elastic isotropic behaviour of the material is considered. Inside the pavilion shell, a family of arches and a family of straight beams can be recognized. This assumption justifies the separation of the variables which is at the basis of the proposed semi-analytical approach. The sensitivity of the behaviour of the shells to the values of the mechanical and geometrical parameters characterizing the system is investigated. Comparisons with results obtained by finite element models are performed to confirm both the validity of the semi-analytical approach and the provided results. Since only a linear elastic isotropic material has been taken into account, the results do not claim to describe the behaviour of masonry pavilion vaults.     

柔性桩沉降的随机特性

本文采用小波动方法结合剪切位移法,将土体弹性模量视为沿深度方向的一维随机场,推导出了柔性桩桩顶沉降响应方差上限的解析表达式。通过算例探讨了四种不同相关函数及相关距离对桩身沉降及桩身应力响应方差的影响。得出了指数型相关函数较其它三种的计算值明显偏小;当竖向相关距离大于桩长时其变化对桩顶沉降响应方差影响不大的结论。