使用AFS1201型原子荧光光度计应注意的问题

原子荧光光谱分析是一种具有重要实用价值的痕量分析技术。酸化过的样品溶液中砷、铅、汞等元素与还原剂硼氢化钾反应，生成氢化物，过量氢气和气态氢化物与载气混合，进入原子化器，使待测元素的激发光源激发氩氢焰中待测元素原子，得到的荧光信号被日盲光电倍增管接收，然后经放大、解调、     

流动注射化学发光同时测定废水中的三价铬和六价铬

首次将镀铜锌粒作成优良的还原柱，在线还原Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）成Ｃｒ（Ⅲ），以鲁米诺－Ｈ２Ｏ２（ＫＢｒ）体系流动注射化学发光同时测定废水中两种价态的铬。分析速率为６０试样／ｈ；线性范围为１．０×１０＾－５－１．０×１０＾－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；测Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）及Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的相对标准偏差（ｎ＝６）分别为０．３７％－４．０％及１．２％－４．４％；测定Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的检出限２．３×１０＾－１１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。测定结果与标准方法无显差     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水中痕量砷和汞

研究了用氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水中痕量坤和汞，此法是在盐酸介质中，以硼氢化钾作还原剂，将被测元素转化为挥发性氢化物，以高纯氩气作为载气将挥发性氢化物从母液中分离，并导入石英炉原子化器中原子化，以特种空心阴极灯作激发光源，激发被测元素原子发出荧光，荧光强度值在一定范围内与被测元素的浓度成正比。该法灵敏度高，精密度好，准确度高，砷和汞的检出限分别为0．0618和0．0158μg.L^-。     

痕量砷流动注射在线还原氢化物发生原子吸收测定

方法采用流动注射停流技术使水及土壤浸出液中Ａｓ（Ｖ）在线还原为Ａｓ（Ⅲ），不经手工还原，用氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法直接测定砷的含量。含４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ的样品溶液与３０％碘化钾溶液在编结式反应器中混合，并在采样环中停流４０ｓ，达完全还原后注入到载流中与硼氢化钠反应，采样速度５５次／ｈ，检出限（３δ）０．１μｇ／Ｌ，对自来水和土壤浸出液的加标回收结果满意。     

发生氢化物－原子吸收光谱法测定高纯氧化锗中的痕量砷

用硝酸和盐酸分解试样，氯化蒸发分离锗，以发生氢化物－原子吸收光谱法测定砷。本文考察了锗的分离效果，共存元素的干扰和发生氢化物的条件。用本方法测定氧化锗中５．８×１０￣（－５）％的砷，相对标准偏差为４．５％，方法检出限为６．８×１０￣（－５）％     

沉淀分离ICP—AES测定铅锭中Te,Cr,Co,Ni杂质元素

采用硫酸沉淀分离基本元素铅后，ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ直接测定铅锭中Ｔｅ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ杂质元素。试验证明在本文提供的条件下Ｓｅ会以ＰｂＳｅＯ３的形式与ＰｈＳＯ４共沉淀，而Ｔｅ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ等待测元素则保留在溶液中。待测元素加标回收率在８６．４％￣１０８．４％之间。     

氢化物-原子荧光法测定硒时元素的干扰及其消除

(一)引言在环保工作中具有重要意义的硒,通常用氢化物-原子荧光法测定。关于测定硒时其他元素的干扰及其消除已有一些报导,但其机理尚不清楚,以致干扰元素的允许存在量较低。本文根据元素干扰的可能机理,提出了一种较为方便的消除干扰方法,从而使一些元素,例如铜的允许存在量比文献报导的增加很多,而对Pd~(2+),As~(3+)和Bi~(3+)等元素的干扰也有较好的抑制作用。 (二)实验方法的考虑 1.如果把氢化物-原子荧光法中的主要反应分为三步:(1)水相中待测元素的被还原     

一种新型的用于ICP-AES的氢化物元素和非氢化物元素同时分析的氢化物发生-雾化装置的研究

本文提出了一种新型的用于氢化物元素和非氢化物元素同时分析的氢化物发生-雾化装置。在装置中,用一个同心玻璃雾化器将待测的样品溶液雾化,细雾滴形成气溶胶,较大液滴被收集在一个玻璃槽中。硼氢化钾溶液用蠕动泵从玻璃槽底部送入,与收集的样品溶液混合并发生化学反应,产生挥发性的共价氢化物。生成的气态氢化物和样品气溶胶以及载气一起进入等离子体,因而可以进行氢化物元素和非氢化物元素的同时测定。砷、秘、锑、硒和蹄的检出限分别为0.0075, 0.0006, 0.008, 0.003, 0.002wg/ml。比传统的气动雾化方法得到的检出限好20-30倍,而对非氢化物元素,检出限可与双筒雾室雾化法相当。     

氢化物－气相色谱的元素光度检测器

研究开发的一种新型的元素光度检测器主要用于锗、砷、锡和锑的氢化物气相色谱检测，具有高灵敏，高选择性。它是在普通火焰光度检测器的基础上加装了特制的滤光片改制而成的。对锗、砷、锡和锑的检测限分别为３．０×１０￣（－１１）ｇ、７．０×１０￣（－１１）ｇ、７．０×１０￣（－１０）ｇ和１．１×１０￣（－８）ｇ，相对标准偏差分别为１．８％、２．４％、２．６％和３．０％。     

用电解法采集钢样计算取样质量和测定钢样中的磷

１引言将阴离子交换膜置于阳极（钢样）和阴极之间，建立了一种新的采集钢样的电解法。该法可阻止从阳极溶解下来的待测组分再沉积到阴极上。但在先前工作中，是用氧化还原滴定阳极液中铁的量作钢样被采集的量，使方法尚欠简单且有一定的误差。这里根据碳素钢的牌号即表示碳的大致含量、钢中各元素含量范围基本固定和它们在电解时的电化摩尔质量，确定待分析碳素钢的近似电化摩尔质量；选择合适的电解质和电解电流使电流效率为１００％；用Ｆａｒａｄａｙ定律，ｍ＝ＫＩｔ直接计算钢样被采集的质量。经称重电解前后样品的质量差和其中磷的测…     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.