香烟烟雾冷凝液中多环芳烃的测定

吸烟对人的健康是有害的,它比大气污染对肺癌增长更具有直接关系。研究香烟烟雾冷凝液,发现其中有为数众多的多环芳烃,它就是引起癌变的原因。测香烟烟雾中的多环芳烃,将为生产无毒香烟提供科学依据,并对宣传戒烟也有积极作用。     

烟草及香烟中锌的溶出特性及其形态探讨

为探讨烟草和香烟中微量元素锌的存在形态，采用不同极性溶剂做萃取剂，分别萃取了白肋烟叶和两种品牌香烟中的锌，并用火焰原子吸收分光光度法（FAAS）测定了萃取液中的锌含量。结果表明，烟草和香烟丝中锌主要是以水溶态的无机Zn^2＋或水溶态的低相对分子质量有机态结合锌形式存在；烟草对锌的利用率高。     

麦饭石的实验研究与应用进展

对麦饭石的结构、理化性能及其保健功能进行了实验研究，介绍了麦饭石在改善水质、人体健康、发展养殖等方面的应用，同时提示了采用研制麦饭石多微烧结球(粉)的方法来提取其中有效成分的研究方向。     

铅中毒细胞遗传学效应

对确诊为铅吸收和铅中毒的铅冶炼５９名，进行了外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变（ＣＡ），姐妹单体互换（ＳＣＥ），微核（ＭＮ）等细胞遗传学指标检测观察，并与血铅、尿铅、ＺＰＰ、ＦＥＰ及尿δ－ＡＬＡ等生化指标进行相关分析，结果表明，铅毒作用能引起细胞染色体畸变率、姐妹染色单体交换率及微核率提高，提示铅能引起ＤＮＡ损伤，但无明显致突变作用。     

异味中华牌香烟烟气成分的GC-MS分析

先后采用浸泡法和烟雾抽提吸附法分别对正常的中华牌香烟和有异味的中华牌香烟进行了测试,以寻找香烟异味的原因.实验结果表明,异味来自烟丝本身.由于卷烟烟气的化学成分非常复杂,而各种品牌的香烟都有其特定的烟丝配方,因此只能先找出异味香烟和正常香烟出峰的差异点,再利用质谱对这些有差异的峰进行定性分析.分析结果表明,这些有差异的峰基本属于苯、苯乙烯和奈系列化合物.     

硒对不同水体致癌因子诱发健康人微核的拮抗作用

采用微核检测技术，研究了亚硒酸钠对启东肝癌高发区不同类型饮用水诱发健康人外周血淋巴细胞微核的拮抗作用。结果表明：（１）各实验水体对细胞的毒性作用，宅沟水〉泯沟水〉自来水〉双蒸水。微核率随着实验水体剂量的增加而升高；（２）１ｍｇ／Ｌ的亚硒酸钠浓度对泯沟水，自来水诱发的微核效应有是显的抑制和／或拮抗作用，呈现明显的剂量－效应关系，提示肝癌高发区饮用水体中确存在与肝癌发病相关的致畸因子，补硒确有防与治原     

聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维的性能

应用冷场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、声速法、蠕变测试、苯胺吸附和振荡烧瓶法对聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维的形貌、取向因子、蠕变性、吸附性和抗茵率进行了测试与表征.研究表明:聚丙烯纤维和麦饭石添加剂呈镶嵌结构,聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维表面存在一些微细褶皱,其杨氏模量和取向因子相对较低,蠕变现象明显;苯胺的吸附率在30%左右;抗菌率在90%以上,而且水洗50次后抗茵率基本不变,具有很好的吸附和抑菌作用.     

类胡萝卜素与二氧化氮自由基(NO2·)的反应

研究表明,类胡萝卜素可以降低肿瘤、某些心血管病及衰老退行性疾病的发生率[1].但流行病学干预研究也指出,吸烟者与石棉工人补充β胡萝卜素却能促进肺癌发生[2,3].吸烟对健康有害,香烟烟雾中有许多活性氧自由基,NO是一种主要成分,它可生成二氧化氮自由基(NO·2),引起不饱和脂肪     

高锰酸钾氧化法对孤岛原油沥青质结构的研究

用高锰酸钾碱液对山东孤岛原油沥青质进行了分步氧化,其中有73.74%的碳转化为有机酸。对氧化产物水不溶酸及水溶酸先用乙醚后用甲醇分别进行了抽提。将乙醚抽出物经酯化后进行了色谱-质谱分析,水不溶酸乙醚抽出物的主要成分为C_(11)-C_(36)的正构脂肪一元酸,水溶酸的乙醚抽出物主要为芳酸及杂环化合物。对甲醇抽出物进行了红外光谱分析,水不溶酸的甲醇抽出物主要为脂肪族酸性物,水溶酸甲醇抽出物主要为芳香族酸性物。     

增容剂对“壳－核”型共聚物增韧尼龙6的亚微形态与性能的影响

增容剂对“壳－核”型共聚物增韧尼龙６的亚微形态与性能的影响汪晓东，金东吉，金日光（北京化工大学６１信箱北京１０００２９）关键词尼龙６，“壳－核”型共聚物，增容剂，增韧，亚微相态采用乳液“壳一核”型共聚物增韧各种工程塑料近年来引起广泛的关注ｌ‘，’１．...     

UV-B absorbance and UV-B absorbing compounds (para-coumaric acid) in pollen and sporopollenin: the perspective to track historic UV-B levels.

UV-B absorbance and UV-B absorbing compounds (UACs) of the pollen of Vicia faba, Betula pendula, Helleborus foetidus and Pinus sylvestris were studied. Sequential extraction demonstrated considerable UV-B absorbance both in the soluble (acid methanol) and insoluble sporopollenin (acetolysis resistant residue) fractions of UACs, while the wall-bound fraction of UACs was small. The UV-B absorbance of the soluble and sporopollenin fraction of pollen of Vicia faba plants exposed to enhanced UV-B (10 kJ m(-2) day(-1) UV-B(BE)) was higher than that of plants that received 0 kJ m(-2) day(-1) UV-B(BB). Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) analysis of pollen demonstrated that p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid formed part of the sporopollenin fraction of the pollen. The amount of these aromatic monomers in the sporopollenin of Vicia faba appeared to increase in response to enhanced UV-B (10 kJ m(-2) day(-1) UV-B(BE)). The detection limit of pyGC-MS was sufficiently low to quantify these phenolic acids in ten pollen grains of Betula and Pinus. The experimental data presented provide evidence for the possibility that polyphenolic compounds in pollen of plants are indicators of solar UV-B and may be applied as a new proxy for the reconstruction of historic variation in solar UV-B levels.     

Studies on lectins. LVIII. Sugar-binding properties, as determined by affinity electrophoresis, of alpha-D-galactosidases from Vicia faba seeds possessing erythroagglutinating activity

The interaction of alpha-D-galactosidases from Vicia faba seeds with saccharides was studied by means of affinity electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel in an acidic buffer system. For the preparation of affinity gels, water-soluble O-glycosyl polyacrylamide copolymers and polysaccharides were used. alpha-D-Galactosidases interact with immobilized O-alpha-D-galactosyl residues and glycogen, but no interaction was observed with immobilized O-alpha-D-mannosyl residues. On the basis of the results of affinity electrophoresis performed in the presence of various free sugars, dissociation constants of the various alpha-D-galactosidase-free sugar complexes were calculated.     

Determination by capillary electrophoresis of total and available niacin in different development stage of raw and processed legumes: comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography

The available and total niacin evolution during maturation of yellow pea lupine (Lupinus luteus L., cv. Juno), pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. Ergo), faba bean (Vicia faba sp. minor Harz, cv. Tibo) and in germinated and high-pressure heated peas (Pisum sativum L., cv. Esla) have been determined by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The results have been compared with those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The values obtained by CE were similar to those obtained by HPLC. Maturation of seeds significantly reduced the available and total niacin content in legumes. The available/total niacin ratio during seed maturation depends on the type of legume. In faba beans and peas, a reduction was observed which was more pronounced in the case of peas. For lupine seeds, the ripening produced an increase (34%) in the available/total niacin ratio 50 days after flowering (DAF). Pea germination produced an overall increase in available and total niacin content although the available/total niacin ratio decreased. High pressure heating of pea yielded an increase in the available niacin content and available/total niacin ratio but the total niacin content did not change.     

The damage repair role of He-Ne laser on plants exposed to different intensities of ultraviolet-B radiation

Light-grown broad bean (Vicia faba L.) seedlings were subjected to different intensities of UV-B radiation (0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.45, 0.90, 1.45 and 1.98 W m(-2)) for 7 h under photosynthetically active radiation (70 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) and then exposed to He-Ne laser (632.8 nm, 5.43 mW mm(-2)) radiation for 5 min or red light radiation for 4 h without ambient light radiation. When He-Ne laser radiated leaves were treated using lower intensity UV-B, the activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) improved significantly. Moreover, the UV-B-injured plants treated with laser light recovered faster from UV-B treatment because the concentration of malondialdehyde and the rate of electrolyte leakage from leaf disks reached control levels (no UV-B or laser treatment) early compared with those exposed only to ambient light or in dark conditions. Laser treatment, however, had no repair effect on seedling damage induced by higher UV-B radiation (1.45 and 1.98 W m(-2)), even with higher laser flux rates and longer laser treatment. In addition, the red light treatment had no repair effect on UV-B-induced damage. Meanwhile, the long-term physiological effect of He-Ne laser treatment on UV-B damaged plants was presented and evaluated. The results showed that the laser had a long-term positive physiological effect on the growth of UV-B-damaged plants. With the exception of the severe damage caused by higher UV-B radiation, a laser with the proper flux rate and treatment time can repair UV-B-induced damage and shorten the recovery time.     

Laser pretreatment protects cells of broad bean from UV-B radiation damage

In order to determine the role of lasers in the stress resistance of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, the embryos in seeds were exposed to He-Ne laser or CO2 laser radiation. Afterwards they were cultivated in Petri dishes in a constant temperature incubator until the lengths of epicotyls were nearly 3 cm. The epicotyls were then exposed to 1.02, 3.03 or 4.52 kJ m(-2) UV-B radiation, respectively, under 70 micromol m(-2) s(-1) photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in a growth cabinet. Changes in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AsA) and UV-B absorbing compounds (absorbance at 300 nm) were measured to test the effects of laser pretreatment. The results showed that laser pretreatment of embryos enhanced UV-B stress resistance in the epicotyls of the broad bean by decreasing the MDA concentration and increasing the content of AsA and UV-B absorbing compounds. We suggest that those changes in MDA, AsA and UV-B absorbing compounds were responsible for the increase in stress resistance observed in the broad bean. This is the first investigation reporting the use of laser pretreatment to protect the cells of the broad bean from UV-B-induced damage.     

Studies of human hair by friction force microscopy with the hair-model-probe

We employed a cantilever modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as a “hair-model-probe” for friction force microscopy (FFM) to measure friction acting between hair and hair-like surfaces. The “hair-model-probe” was prepared by forming a SAM of octadecanethiol on a gold-coated cantilever. We investigated frictional properties of human hair at both root and tip, and the dependency on applied load, influence of scanning direction, and local frictional distribution. The friction coefficient of the hair tip was greater than that of the hair root. Load dependency of friction at the hair tip was clearly observed, while friction at the hair root was less dependent on applied load. At the hair root, an anisotropic frictional property was observed: friction force along the long axis of the hair fiber was about 1.5–2 times larger than that along the short axis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed striations on the cuticle cells that have about 6 nm depth and their long axis oriented in the direction of the hair fiber. The frictional distribution images revealed that the local areas showing strong shear corresponded to striations. Since such distribution of friction was not observed at the hair tip, it is suggested that the anisotropic frictional property at the hair root was caused mainly by the striations. The frictional distribution in regions that excluded the striations also showed the anisotropic frictional property that friction parallel to the long axis of the hair fiber is greater than that along the short axis. This result suggests that the orientation of fatty acid molecules comprising the fat layer (F-layer) may also contribute to the anisotropic frictional property. We have concluded that loss of the F-layer is a dominant cause of strong friction detected at the hair tip, and at the striations of the hair root.     

In vitro cytotoxic activities of (+)-usnic acid and (-)-usnic acid on V79, A549, and human lymphocyte cells and their non-genotoxicity on human lymphocytes

This study investigates cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of (+)-Usnic acid and (-)-usnic acid isolated from the lichen Ramalina farinacea and the lichen Cladonia foliacea, respectively. To determine the activities of these acids, we used the MTT assay on V79 (Chinese hamster lung fibroblast like) and A549 (human lung carcinoma epithelial like) cell lines and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human lymphocytes in vitro. Our results suggest that both enantiomers of usnic acid are non-genotoxic shown by the absence of micronucleus induction in human lymphocytes and have significant cytotoxic and apoptotic effects to induce cell killing in cultured human lymphocytes, V79 and A549 cell lines. Even low doses of (+)-usnic acid showed high cytotoxic activity against cancerous cells. The MTT results and cell proliferation index (CPI) values based on the CBMN test results are found in good agreement.     

Antiproliferative,genotoxic activities and quantification of extracts and cucurbitacin B obtained from Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn

The medicinal plant Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn. has therapeutic properties in the treatment of sinusitis, rhinitis and abortifacient conditions. Ethnopharmacological studies report that the antitumor potential can be attributed to the presence of cucurbitacin-like compounds in the plant. This study consisted of measuring cucurbitacin in different L. operculata extracts, evaluating the antiproliferative and genotoxic activity of the extracts and the isolated substance in gastric cancer cells line, and evaluating the possible mechanism of action. The extracts were obtained by maceration, and both the acquisition of the chemical profile of the extracts and the determination of cucurbitacin were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For the isolation of cucurbitacin B, column chromatography was used, and molecular identification was carried out by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay evaluated the antiproliferative activity, and the genotoxic activity was determined by the micronucleus method with cytokinesis blocking. The investigation of the possible mechanism of action was carried out by molecular docking. All tested samples caused cell death in a dose-dependent manner, but the fruit extracts were more selective for the ACP02 gastric cancer cells line than the isolated substance. The micronucleus results did not show that genomic instability reflects the greater cytotoxicity of the fruit ethanoic extract (EEF). In addition, the EEF proved to be the most selective for ACP02. The docking results showed that the isolated substance favorably inhibited the Janus kinase family proteins JAK1 and JAK2. The present work demonstrated that the use of ethanol extract can be a good alternative to fight gastric cancer.     

元素中药防治甲型HIN1流感香囊（袋）的研究和应用

综述了将银、硒、锗、锌、蜂产品、中药方剂、电气石、麦饭石等用纳米技术制成香囊（袋）的研究及其在防治甲型H1N1流感中的应用。     

抽吸过程中尼古丁在烟丝和滤咀中分布的研究

吸烟有害健康。尤以香烟中尼古丁对人体健康的危害 ,已众所周知。美国卫生局和各种癌症研究机构一再就吸烟的危害对人们作出警告 ,但人们所吸的烟还是比以往任何时候都要多 ,完全消灭吸烟在相当长时期内难以实现。因此 ,研究吸烟过程中尼古丁在香烟中的分布情况 ,寻找较为安全、适宜的吸烟区间 ,减少吸烟过程中尼古丁对人体健康的危害 ,成为本文关心的问题。为了降低烟草中有害物质对人体的危害 ,目前在国内外 ,一般均在香烟上加一过滤咀 ,以吸滤烟草中部分尼古丁及其它物质。因而 ,为了提高滤咀对其尼古丁的吸滤率 ,在滤咀中添加油酸酰胺、…