MnO_x-CeO_2上表面氧性质及其催化碳烟燃烧性能

运用TPO,XRD,BET,O2-TPD,H2-TPR,XPS等技术,研究了在CeO2中引入不同Mn含量对催化剂表面氧性质的影响,并重点探讨了吸附于氧空位上的原子吸附氧O-与催化碳烟燃烧活性的关联。结果表明:将Mn中引入CeO2后,MnOx-CeO2晶格中可形成较CeO2更多的氧空位,并有利于氧的活化和迁移,生成了较多原子吸附氧O-;MnOx(0.4)-CeO2在碳烟起燃温度区间有最多的原子吸附氧O-,其碳烟起燃活性最高,对应的起燃温度是346℃,比无催化剂时降低了111℃,比CeO2降低了35℃。     

铑电极上的表面增强拉曼光谱研究(英文)

本文简要介绍了将铑电极用于表面增强拉曼光谱 (SERS)研究的方法 .具有较强活性的铑电极可以通过对电极施加方波电流进行恒电流粗糙获得 .对模型分子吡啶进行的表面拉曼光谱研究表明 ,该电极具有很好的稳定性和可逆性 ,并且其表面增强因子可达 4 0 0 0 .在对铑电极上一氧化碳的氧化过程进行的拉曼光谱研究中同时检测到桥式和线型吸附的C O和Pt C振动的拉曼信号 .本研究表明铑电极可作为多用的SERS基底 ,拉曼光谱可作为界面研究的通用工具 .     

苯在铑电极上吸附的表面增强拉曼散射光谱研究

利用成熟的电极处理方法成功地获得了苯在粗糙铑电极上电化学吸附的拉曼谱图.详细探讨了电极电位、电解质等因素对苯的电化学吸附的影响.结果表明,苯分子吸附到粗糙铑电极上后,表面拉曼谱图与纯苯本体谱图的差别很大,说明吸附后的苯分子在几何及电子结构上发生了巨大变化.苯分子可能以1,3-环己二烯的结构吸附于铑电极表面.     

多晶钯表面上CO脱附动力学的探讨

本文研究了多晶钯表面上CO脱附动力学,对各种覆盖度的脱附谱图进了划分温区的分析,对低温区首次提出恒定脱附速度的动力学解析.对于多晶钯面上CO的脱附,随脱附温度的升高,脱附反应级数减小而视活化能增加.为解释这种现象提出了活性集团假设,深入研究活性集团的动力学性能将有助于了解脱附过程的动力学特性.     

不同pH下多晶Au电极上的氧还原反应

利用旋转圆盘电极体系系统研究了不同pH下氧气在多晶Au电极上的还原反应,并计算了不同pH条件及不同超电势范围内的Tafel斜率.研究发现,同在酸性（但是pH不同）或同在碱性（但是pH不同）的介质中氧还原起始电位以及纯粹动力学控制区（电流较小的区域）的氧还原电流几乎不随溶液的pH值而变化.酸性条件下以及碱性条件的高超电势范围内,Tafel斜率接近120mV/dec;而碱性条件的低超电势范围内,Tafel斜率接近60mV/dec.金电极上ORR的活化超电势随着pH值的增加而降低约79mV/pH.初步讨论了pH对氧还原机理和动力学的影响及其内在原因.     

水溶性铑－膦配合物催化1－十二碳烯常压氢甲酰化反应研究

本文研究了水溶性铑配合物ＲｈＣｌ（ＣＯ）（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２在常压（ＣＯ：Ｈ２＝１：１）条件下对１－十二碳烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能，并对催化剂浓度、表面活性剂浓度、溶液ｐＨ值、膦铑比、溶剂等因素的变化对催化活性的影响作了考察．结果表明，表面活性剂（ＣＴＡＢ）的加入，可以在反应体系中形成胶束．加速有机相和水相间的传质速度，从而提高催化转化速度．在反应温度（８０℃）下，ＣＴＡＢ的临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）较室温下高．达到最佳催化活性的ｐＨ范围为７～９，［Ｐ］／［Ｒｈ］比为１６，而有机溶剂的加入则使转化数降低．     

碳载氧化锰表面氧还原反应路径研究(英文)

氧还原反应(ORR)是一个复杂的过程,尤其在碱性电解液中,炭载型催化剂表面的ORR路径尤为复杂,因为碳本身可以催化ORR以二电子转移过程发生,产生过氧化氢,继而过氧化氢或者发生化学分解生成氧气(HODR),或者发生电化学还原生成OH(HORR).本文详细研究了ORR在常用氧化锰催化剂表面的反应路径.通过比较HODR和HORR的转换频率发现,尽管利用旋转环盘电极方法得到的表观电子转移数接近4,真实的ORR主要是2电子过程,反应生成的过氧化氢继而大部分发生化学分解生成氧气.该结果有助于理解碱性电解质中炭载型过渡金属氧化物电催化剂对ORR的催化行为.     

氧化铈,氧化铜表面氧种的TPR研究

在氧化物催化的氧化还原反应中,催化刘表面上的氧物种对整个催化反应起着关键的作用,不同的表面氧物种将对氧化还原反应的产物产生影响。目前人们普遍认为的表面氧物种有:O_2、O_2~-、O~-和O_3~-(在低温时存在),它们的关系是:O_2(吸附)→O_2~-(吸附)→O~-(吸附)→     

Singlet Oxygen and the Origin of Oxygen Functionalities on the Surface of Carbon Electrodes

The generation of oxygen‐containing functionalities on pristine carbon surfaces is investigated and shown to be light sensitive, specifically to infra‐red radiation. A mechanistic route involving singlet oxygen, ¹O₂, is proposed and evidenced.     

活性炭表面性质对氧气扩散电极电催化性能的影响

 分别采用硝酸和空气氧化处理制得具有不同表面性质的粉末活性炭,并以此为催化层材料制成炭基氧气扩散电极,测定了不同电极的极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱. N2物理吸附和He程序升温脱附(He-TPD)研究表明,硝酸处理对活性炭孔结构的影响较小,但可使其表面含氧基团明显增加; 而空气氧化处理则会导致活性炭的中孔面积和孔容显著增大,但对表面含氧基团的影响较小. 极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究发现,当活性炭的孔结构相近时,电极的催化性能随着表面含氧基团的增多而急剧下降; 当活性炭表面含氧基团的量相近时,中孔孔容增大将导致电极催化性能的恶化. 与活性炭表面含氧基团相比,孔结构对氧气扩散电极的电化学性能具有更显著的影响.     

Effects of Surface Oxygen of Activated Carbon on Alkaloid Adsorption: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

The influence of the density and the type of surface oxygen on the adsorption of berberine alkaloid onto activated carbon was investigated using the molecular dynamics simulation method in vacuum. The carbon surface consisted of a basal plane of graphite and surface oxygen groups which were bonded on the graphite plane in a regular square array with various densities. Two types of surface oxygen groups, =O and —OH, were employed. The simulation results showed that the berberine alkaloids were favorable to be adsorbed on the negative charged carbon surfaces. It was indicated that the vdw attraction of the carbon surface to the alkaloid molecule dominates the adsorption only at the lower surface density of oxygen. It is also indicated that a good adsorptive selectivity for a certain berberine alkaloid can be obtained by controlling the density of surface oxygen.The adsorption simulation of berberine alkaloids onto activated carbon in the presence of water was also carried out by using a dome-shape molecular model for presenting the alkaloid/water/carbon system. It was found that the adsorption of berberine alkaloids on the activated carbon which has a higher density of surface oxygen was strongly inhibited by the presence of water.     

葡萄糖加氢用Ru/活性炭催化剂: 改性方法对活性炭表面性能的影响

分别采用超临界甲醇流体、浓硝酸氧化、浓硝酸结合超临界甲醇流体等不同手段对椰壳活性炭进行了表面处理,用N2物理吸附、Boehm滴定、X光电子能谱仪(XPS)、电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱分析(ICP)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段研究了处理方法对活性炭表面孔结构及表面基团的影响;并以活性炭为载体,三氯化钌为活性前驱体,采用等容水浸渍法制备了钌炭催化剂,以葡萄糖加氢生产山梨醇为模型反应对制备的钌基催化剂的催化活性进行了评价.结果表明:各种处理方法对活性炭的比表面、孔径等孔结构性能影响不大;但超临界甲醇处理活性炭可明显减少活性炭表面含氧酸性基团的含量,尤其是羧基等不稳定基团的含量;而硝酸处理活性炭则可大幅度提高活性炭表面含氧酸性基团的含量,尤其是羧基等不稳定基团的含量增加更大.ICP分析结果表明:超临界甲醇处理活性炭并不改变活性炭样品对钌的吸附量,但硝酸氧化处理活性炭却能明显提高样品对钌的吸附能力.活性炭表面的这些含氧基团虽然有利于钌离子的吸附,但却不利于钌在活性炭表面的分散.由于超临界甲醇流体处理活性炭时的表面反应及萃取作用,可有效清除活性炭表面的不稳定含氧酸性基团,避免还原过程中钌的迁移聚集,使负载钌的分散度提高,有利于增强钌与活性炭间的相互作用,使钌部分缺失电子,钌的结合能升高;可明显提高负载钌炭催化剂葡萄糖催化加氢的活性.     

炭黑表面含氧量对HDPE—CB复合物导电性能的影响

通过硝酸氧化处理炭黑（CB）,使其表面含氧量（氧元素与碳元素的摩尔百分比）由1．0％（CB1）提高到7．0％（CB2）。分别以CB1和CB2为填料,以高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）为基体,制备了两种导电复合材料。与碳粒子填充极性聚合物相反,表面含氧量高的CB2填充HDPE复合物的渗流阈值低。采用SEM、动态电渗流效应和Payne效应分析了两种炭黑在HDPE中的分散和凝聚特征。结果表明：CB2在HDPE中分散更不均匀,更容易凝聚形成网络。炭黑在非极性HDPE中凝聚形成导电网络的能力随炭黑表面含氧量的增加而提高。     

Electrochemical Reduction of Oxygen on Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Electrode in Alkaline Solution

The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) electrode was constructed using polytetrafluoroethylene as binder, and the electrochemical reductive behavior of oxygen in alkaline solution was first examined on this electrode. Compared with other carbon materials, MWNTs show higher electrocatalytic activity, and the reversibility of O2 reduction reaction is greatly improved. The experiments reveal that the electrochemical reduction of O2 to HO2 is controlled by adsorption. The preliminary results illustrate the potential application of MWNTs in fuel cells.     

Stereoselective Aromatic Ring Hydrogenation over Supported Rhodium Catalysts in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solvent

The combination of supported rhodium metal catalysts and supercritical carbon dioxide solvent was effective for the stereoselective ring hydrogenations of aromatic compounds at low temperature. Higher solubility of hydrogen in supercritical carbon dioxide provides higher concentration of hydrogen on the rhodium surface, but lower that of the intermediate on rhodium surface, which suppresses the flipping of surface intermediate, leading to higher catalyst activities and cis selectivities to the corresponding ring‐hydrogenated products as compared with those in organic solvents.     

In-Situ Electrodeposition of Rhodium nanoparticles Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide nanosheets as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst

A simple, versatile, and cost-effective one-pot electrochemical deposition is used to fabricate rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles decorated surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. The chemical and physical structure of the sample is probed via transmission electron microscopy, rotating disk electrode (RDE), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, and Raman spectroscopy. The synergistic effects between the unique properties of Rh nanoparticles and rGO creates such innovative hybrid that exhibits a catalytic activity comparable to that of the commercial platinum electrocatalyst (Pt/C). As a result, the as-electrodeposited Rh@rGO hybrid exhibits outstanding ORR activity in alkaline media, as evidenced by a larger diffusion-limited current, greater positive onset potential, much better stability and methanol tolerance than Pt/C under the same conditions.     

丙烯酸生产外排废水化学需氧量与总有机碳相关性研究

化学需氧量（COD_Cr）与总有机碳（TOC）指标均可用来表征废水的有机物污染程度.不过,以COD_Cr表征有机物污染程度一般只能反映水中部分有机物的量,而TOC能更全面地反映废水中有机物的含量.以丙烯酸生产外排废水为研究对象,分析结果表明：在一定范围内,废水中COD_Cr与TOC满足关系式y=1.147 4x+74.75（R²=0.955 26）,回收率范围98%~115%,TOC测定结果的精密度高、可靠、准确,在一定条件下,可使用TOC来间接换算COD_Cr.