Time domain investigation of the intrachain vibrational dynamics of a prototypical light-emitting conjugated polymer

Coherent nuclear motion of the carbon backbone is monitored in real time in substituted poly(phenylene)-vinylene in both excited and ground electronic state using sub-10-fs light pulses. Characteristic features of the intrachain vibrational dynamics are obtained. We observe vibrational dephasing in the excited state within 1 ps (time constant T(2e) approximately 300 fs). These findings are in agreement with the molecular picture for photoexcitation in conjugated polymers.     

基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法及实验研究

采用扫描测量方式得到的不相干声场需分解成完全相干的部分场后才能用于近场声全息重建. 现有的方法都是将声压作为参考进行部分场分解. 本文提出以声压梯度作为参考, 并建立一种基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法. 由于声压梯度比声压的衰减速度更快, 受到其他声源和环境噪声的影响比声压小, 所以以声压梯度为参考在分解完全相干的部分场过程中比以声压为参考更具有优势. 通过数值仿真和实验分析, 一方面验证了基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法的正确性和可行性; 同时通过与基于声压参考的部分场分解结果比较, 说明了基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法分解更稳健、结果更精确.     

An investigation of the ion beam of a plasma focus using a metalobstacle and deuterated target

The results of an experimental study of the ion beam properties of a 3.3-kJ, 15-kV plasma focus are reported. The plasma focus is operated at 3 torr deuterium, and neutron yield measurements are made with a copper obstacle or deuterated target placed at various axial positions from the end of the anode. It is found that in the normal operation of the focus without an obstacle or target, less than 15% of the neutrons are produced within the pinch column, and that more than 85% of the neutrons arise from the deuterium-ion-beam bombardment of the deuterium gas in the region 20-60 mm from the end of the anode. The neutron production is highest between 30-40 mm from the anode. The results are valid only for a small focus     

Time correlation functions of a one-dimensional infinite system

We investigate the time evolution of a simple one-dimensional system with an infinite number of particles. We calculate some time correlation functions and show that they behave asymptotically as 1/t.     

Time domain investigation on vibrational dephasing and spectral diffusion in CO-doped solid N2

Infrared picosecond accumulated photon echo experiments have been performed for the first time, using the Orsay Free Electron Laser, on the v = 0-->v = 1 transition of CO in solid nitrogen. The vibrational dephasing time is found to be exceptionally long ( T2>/=120 ns) at low temperature. The analysis of the observed spectral diffusion leads one to assume different energy transfer mechanisms depending on the CO concentration.     

A proposed investigation of parity non-conserving effects using a polarized target and an unpolarized epithermal neutron beam

Parity non-conserving (PNC) effects can be studied with unpolarized neutron beams and polarized targets. TheI·k term in the forward scattering amplitude (I=target spin, k=neutron momentum) is enhanced at a p-wave resonance in the same way as thes·k term which has been studied in previous experiments (s=neutron spin). A large number of resonances can be studied in a polarized target experiment because level densities are high in odd-odd nuclei (typically 25 s and p levels per 100 eV in¹⁶⁶Ho). The goal of the experiments is to extract an average PNC matrix element from a statistically distributed set of PNC matrix elements. A rotating cryostat for use in longitudinal analyzing power measurements is described. Suitable rare earth targets are holmium, thulium, terbium and hyperfine enhanced targets such as praesodymium compounds.     

Time dependence of correlation functions following a quantum quench

We show that the time dependence of correlation functions in an extended quantum system in d dimensions, which is prepared in the ground state of some Hamiltonian and then evolves without dissipation according to some other Hamiltonian, may be extracted using methods of boundary critical phenomena in d + 1 dimensions. For d = 1 particularly powerful results are available using conformal field theory. These are checked against those available from solvable models. They may be explained in terms of a picture, valid more generally, whereby quasiparticles, entangled over regions of the order of the correlation length in the initial state, then propagate classically through the system.     

Z变换在磁化等离子体电磁脉冲传播时域分析中的应用

通过Z变换的方法,将与频率有关的磁化等离子体的介电常数由频域变换到Z域,推导了Z变换形式的时域有限差分法计算式,模拟了电磁脉冲在磁化等离子体中的传播。经过离散傅里叶变换,给出了电磁波通过磁化等离子体后的反射系数和透射系数与频率的关系。还给出了模拟结果和理论值的对比。结果表明,Z变换算法的模拟结果比卷积分更接近理论值。     

Z变换在磁化等离子体电磁脉冲传播时域分析中的应用

 通过Z变换的方法,将与频率有关的磁化等离子体的介电常数由频域变换到Z域,推导了Z变换形式的时域有限差分法计算式,模拟了电磁脉冲在磁化等离子体中的传播。经过离散傅里叶变换,给出了电磁波通过磁化等离子体后的反射系数和透射系数与频率的关系。还给出了模拟结果和理论值的对比。结果表明,Z变换算法的模拟结果比卷积分更接近理论值。     

Time domain transmission properties of multi-vias

The time domain transmission properties of multi-vias in MCM-C and MCM-D packages are investigated by the FDTD method. The results demonstrate that the crosstalk between two vias is negligible when their distance is larger than their width and excellent transmission properties can be achieved below 10GHz.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China and by the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation.     

Experimental investigation of the detection and location of a target in layered media by using the TR-RTM mixed method

Targets in layered media can be detected and located using a time reversal(TR)-reversed-time migration(RTM) mixed method.In this study, this single emission-multiple receiving method is tested experimentally by using two types of layered media and three types of targets. The signal reflected at the interface and the signal scattered by the target are measured by each receiver to obtain the travel time for several transmitter-receiver pairs. Thereafter, the amplitude ratio between the two measured signals is compared with the theoretical amplitude. The RTM process involves the convolution of the forward acoustic beam from the source with the backward acoustic beam from the receiver which adds an appropriate delay determined on the measured travel time data. By using this approach, the acoustic field distribution can be obtained, and the position of the target can be determined.Moreover, the measured positions of the target are compared with the actual position to validate the accuracy of this technique.     

Time resolution of the bunch-shape detector with a thin-wire emission target

The time resolution of a new bunch-length detector based on the radio frequency (RF) scanning of the produced secondary electrons is calculated. A dedicated Monte-Carlo code by means of SIMION software is developed for accurate simulation of spread in the investigated secondary electrons transit times and image width. In calculation the initial energy distribution of electrons and the actual structure of accelerating and focusing electric fields were considered. It is shown that by using a thin-wire emission target a femtosecond time precision could be achieved using moderate applied voltages.     

Time domain de Broglie wave interferometry along a magnetic guide

Propagation and tunneling of light through photonic barriers formed by thin dielectric films with continuous curvilinear distributions of dielectric susceptibility across the film, are considered. Giant heterogeneity-induced dispersion of these films, both convex and concave, and its influence on their reflectivity and transmittivity are visualized by means of exact analytical solutions of Maxwell equations. Depending on the cut-off frequency of the film, governed by the spatial profile of its refractive index, propagation or tunneling of light through such barriers are examined. Subject to the shape of refractive index profile the group velocities of EM waves in these films are shown to be either increased or deccreased as compared with the homogeneous layers; however, these velocities for both propagation and tunneling regimes remain subluminal. The decisive influence of gradient and curvature of photonic barriers on the efficiency of tunneling is examined by means of generalized Fresnel formulae. Saturation of the phase of the wave tunneling through a stack of such films (Hartman effect), is demonstrated. The evanescent modes in lossy barriers and violation of Hartman effect in this case is discussed.     

Noise properties of a NMR transceiver coil array

The use of multiple radiofrequency (RF) surface coil elements has applications in both fast parallel imaging and conventional imaging techniques. Through implementation of a simple magnetic decoupling network, 50 Omega matching can be achieved in both the transmitter and receiver chains, enabling the use of conventional RF power amplifiers and preamplifiers for transceive applications. Unlike phased array coil arrangements using low impedance preamplifiers for decoupling, the noise correlation between 50 Omega coils decoupled with discrete components has not been characterized. We have measured the dependence of coil quality factor (Q-factor) and noise correlation on coil separation and shown these quantities to be consistent with theoretical arguments, at least at 4 T (170 MHz). Our results suggest that a coil system for transmission and reception of NMR signals with 50 Omega coils can be built to take advantage of all the benefits of conventional array coils and with the added advantages of using conventional amplifiers.     

脉冲电流探头的时域标定研究

介绍了一种Rogowski线圈脉冲电流探头时域标定和标定数据处理的方法,将脉冲法时域标定的结果和频域标定结果进行了比较。针对电流探头的低频失真,采用系统辨识方法建立了测量系统的动态模型,并对探头输出信号的失真进行校正。实测数据验证了所建模型的有效性,设计出的数字补偿滤波器可将测量系统校正为一理想的比例环节。     

脉冲电流探头的时域标定研究

 介绍了一种Rogowski线圈脉冲电流探头时域标定和标定数据处理的方法,将脉冲法时域标定的结果和频域标定结果进行了比较。针对电流探头的低频失真,采用系统辨识方法建立了测量系统的动态模型,并对探头输出信号的失真进行校正。实测数据验证了所建模型的有效性,设计出的数字补偿滤波器可将测量系统校正为一理想的比例环节。     

On melting a semi-infinite target using a pulsed laser

The two-dimensional Laplace integral transform technique is used to solve the problem of melting a semi-infinite target induced by surface absorption of a laser pulse.Mathematical expressions for the temperature distribution within the solid part of the target and the thickness of its liquified part were obtained considering cooling, temperature dependent absorption coefficient of the irradiated surface and constant temperature in the molten layer. As an illustrative example computations were carried out on a semi-infinite aluminium (Al) target.     

Advanced mode solver using an integral equation technique and entire domain plane wave basis functions

This work deals with the analysis and modelling of optical and millimetre-wave integrated circuits. The mathematical formulation is based on the method of integral equations, which are subsequently solved numerically by employing Galerkin's technique. The novel concept in this work lies with the development of a set of entire domain basis functions used to expand the unknown electric field in the waveguides' cross-sections. These functions have the simple form of plane waves and satisfy Maxwell's equations, therefore representing a proper expansion mechanism. As a demonstration of the developed computer code, configurations of single and coupled rectangular dielectric waveguides in a wide variety of open and closed substrate geometries are examined. The results presented, concerning the dispersion curves and the field patterns, give excellent agreement with published results of other methods. Furthermore, attenuation constants of lossy waveguides are numerically investigated. The main conclusion of the research presented in this contribution is that the entire domain plane wave basis functions (PWBFs) introduced provide a powerful tool for the unified modelling of a wide class of optical and millimetre-wave transmission lines. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

利用质子能损检测气体靶区有效靶原子密度的实验研究

准确测量气态靶区的有效靶原子密度能够提升离子与气体和离子与等离子体靶相互作用实验结果的精度和对物理过程的认识.实验中利用离子加速器引出的100 ke V质子束穿过一定长度的氢气靶,对质子的剩余能量进行了精确测量,获得了在气体靶内的质子能损数据,结合已有的能损研究结果,重新标定了气体靶区内的有效靶原子密度.分别比较了能损、电离型真空计IonIVac ITR 90和薄膜电容型真空计Varian CDG-500的实验测量结果,对比了修正后的电离型真空计有效气压曲线,结果发现质子束能损的测量方式具有原位、高准确性、在线监测等突出优势,为诊断气态靶有效原子密度提供了新的方法.