成像板伽马图像测量研究

研究了成像板辐射图像测量的基本原理及其物理机制,并将其应用于伽马图像测量。建立了MS,SR和TR三种类型成像板数值模拟模型,分别使用MCNPX程序和基于Geant4开发的NPE程序计算了三种成像板对不同能量伽马射线的能量沉积,计算结果表明:SR和MS成像板比TR成像板能量沉积在低能部分大3~5倍,高能部分大7~9倍。实验测量了MS成像板灵敏度随铜膜厚度的变化关系,测量结果与理论计算结果有较好的一致性。理论与实验结果表明:成像板伽马图像测量的空间分辨力优于50 m。     

偏振成像在光学曲率半径测量中的应用

为了保证整个光学系统的质量,对光学曲率半径的准确测量与检验至关重要.本文将机械球径仪法与光学投影法结合,采用光电图像法对矢高进行判读,经计算可以间接测得曲率半径,具体分析了被测元件边缘特征的准确性对矢高及曲率半径测量精度的影响.本文分别采用偏振成像与普通成像的方法进行了测量与对比,发现偏振图像具有更好的边缘细节特征,矢...     

基于压缩感知的动态散射成像

利用基于压缩感知的成像系统可以透过静态的散射介质获得高质量的重建图像. 但是当散射介质动态变化时, 因为采样所得的测量值受到散射介质衰减系数非线性变化的影响, 重建图像质量会大大下降. 针对上述情况, 本文提出基于压缩感知成像系统的测量值线性拉伸算法, 该算法能够对所得到的非线性测量值进行分析, 根据测量值大小的不同将测量值划分成数个区域并计算补偿系数, 从而根据补偿系数进行测量值线性拉伸变换, 使测量值线性化. 最后再对变换后的测量值进行压缩感知重建计算. 通过理论分析、计算机仿真和实验证明了所提算法能够有效地应对动态的散射介质, 提高基于压缩感知成像系统在透过动态散射介质时的图像重建质量.     

确定性相位掩膜可压缩双透镜成像

压缩成像是压缩传感理论的一个重要应用领域.本文将确定性测量引入压缩成像,提出一种确定性相位掩膜可压缩双透镜成像方法.模拟实验结果表明,新的成像方法可以在显著地降低物理实现成本的同时,有效地捕获图像信息来重建原始图像.此方法改变了经典的模拟-数字转换的光学成像思路,减少模数转换开销,并有利于图像的传输和存储,可以为照相机的设计提供若干理论、计算和技术支撑.     

计算光谱成像技术的成像质量评价

计算光谱成像是一种新型的光谱成像技术,具有高通量、快照式成像等优点,但关于其成像质量评价的研究还很少。工作中探索了一种计算光谱成像系统成像质量的定量评价方法。该方法利用ISO 12233靶标作为目标源,进行成像、图谱信息重构,并通过测量重构图的调制传递函数(MTF)作为计算光谱成像系统的成像质量评价标准。结果表明,对于单帧采样,随着混叠谱段数的增加,重构图MTF迅速下降,当混叠波段的数目达到9个时,重构图MTF与目标场景图像相比已下降50%。该研究有助于理解计算光谱成像技术的优缺点,合理安排混叠谱段的数量,以精确地复原目标信息。     

基于单相机-双棱镜的小型三维指纹获取系统

提出了一种小型非接触式三维指纹获取系统.该系统采用单个CCD相机作为图像传感器,利用相机镜头结合双棱镜的成像装置在单帧CCD图像上获得立体图像对,再基于立体视觉原理重建三维指纹.整个系统封装后尺寸为12 mm×12 mm×10 mm.基于该系统进行了指纹获取实验,测量的均方根误差为0.022 mm.该系统操作简单且结构紧凑,为三维指纹的获取提供了一种小型化方案.     

光子计数集成成像的压缩与重构

集成成像技术作为一种重要的裸眼三维显示技术,在完整记录三维场景信息的同时,庞大的数据量给传输和存储带来了压力。为了实现图像的有效压缩和重构,根据光子计数集成成像的特点,基于分布式压缩感知理论,提出用于图像压缩与重构的方案。该方案将图像分为参考图像和非参考图像两类,对其设置不同的测量率并分别进行重构。为保证非参考图像的重构质量,提出一种联合重构算法。该算法首先对非参考图像进行分块测量,依据与参考图像之间的相关性进行图像块分类,然后结合参考图像测量值信息构建新的测量矢量,利用新的测量矢量完成初次图像重构。为了进一步提升图像重构质量,对初次重构结果进行二次残差补偿重构,获得最终重构结果。最后通过设置不同的测量率进行了大量实验,实验结果表明,所提算法在测量率为0.25时,图像重构质量可以达到30 dB,测量率为0.4时,图像质量可以达到35 dB,算法性能具有一定的优越性。     

基于压缩感知的后调制远距离三维成像研究

基于压缩感知(CS)理论,提出使用高功率纳秒脉冲激光器照射远距离目标物体,通过望远系统将目标物体成像到数字微镜阵列(DMD)上,利用DMD加载的调制图像对目标物体的像进行调制(后调制),采用光电倍增管(PMT)作为单像素探测器收集调制后的光强,通过压缩感知计算,完成对远距离目标物体的三维图像重建。将此系统应用于远距离三维成像,通过搭建实验系统,分别对距离为230m和4.5km左右的目标物体完成了绝对距离的测量,实现了64pixel×64pixel的三维成像。同时也证实利用压缩感知进行远距离图像恢复,随着采样率的提高,图像恢复的质量和对比度都有一定程度的提高;目标物体图像越稀疏,重构图像所需的采样次数越少。     

红外成像技术在靶场中的应用

本文就红外成像技术在靶场的应用，阐述了靶场应用的必要性、可行性以及注意的几个问题。分析了红外成像技术在靶场外弹道测量、图像传输和目标热场分布测量等方面的优势；通过理论计算，分析了红外成像测量系统选用的波段、可能达到的作用距离和测量精度等技术指标；结合靶场的工作实践，提出了红外测量系统在靶场应用中应重视的窗口选择、图像时延与传输、双目标识别以及标校等问题。     

消像散型Czerny-Turner成像光谱仪图像变形校正研究

Czerny-Turner结构成像光谱仪像散校正会改变系统焦距,导致图像子午方向和弧矢方向放大率存在差异。分析了两种Czerny-Turner结构成像光谱仪像散校正光路(柱面镜和超环面)像散校正原理,由此提出并推导出两类光谱图像变形校正公式和方法,并总结二者的共同特征。通过理论计算、光线追迹仿真和实际光谱成像测量验证了图像变形校正方法的正确性。同时,该图像校正方法对其他准直光工作条件下离轴结构色散型成像光谱仪图像变形校正研究有借鉴意义。     

Parallel variable-density spiral imaging using nonlocal total variation reconstruction

The relatively long scan time is still a bottleneck for both clinical applications and research of magnetic resonance imaging. To reduce the data acquisition time, we propose a novel fast magnetic resonance imaging method based on parallel variable-density spiral acquisition, which combines undersampling optimization and nonlocal total variation reconstruction.The undersampling optimization promotes the incoherence of resultant aliasing artifact via the "worst-case" residual error metric, and thus accelerates the data acquisition. Moreover, nonlocal total variation reconstruction is utilized to remove such an incoherent aliasing artifact and so improve image quality. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by both numerical phantom simulation and in vivo experiment. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve high acceleration factor and effectively remove an aliasing artifact from data undersampling with well-preserved image details. The image quality is better than that achieved with the total variation method.     

基于拉普拉斯塔型变换的Contourlet变换频谱混叠特性分析

针对Contourlet变换存在频谱混叠的问题,立足于拉普拉斯(Laplace)塔型变换的分析研究,指出了Contourlet变换频谱混叠的根本原因在于Laplace塔型变换中两个低通滤波器不满足Nyquist抽样定律,致使阻带截全频率大于π/2,导致Contourlet变换的频谱混叠.基此.设计了满足Nyquist抽样定律的低通滤波器,提出了一种新型的Contourlet变换,即抗混叠Contourlet变换.抗混叠Contourlet变换有效地抑制了频谱混叠,基函数的空频局域件均明显优于Contourlet.通过对Barbara图像的硬阈值去噪实验研究结果表明,抗混叠Contourlet变换去噪在峰值信噪比(PSNR)上高出Contou[et变换2.3 dB(噪声均方差为30),去噪效果好,同时还有效抑制了Contoulet变换去噪后的"划痕"现象,图像的视觉效果更佳.     

光电成像系统混淆效应的定量分析

光电成像系统由于抽样产生频谱混淆。用矢量分析方法,给出了正弦图像基元的混淆表达式。具体分析了以短形光栅为例的周期目标莫尔条纹式的混淆效应,以及非周期性目标噪 声形式的混淆效应。并分别作了计算机仿真实验。     

双强度调制偏振光谱测量原理及仿真

针对单强度调制偏振光谱测量技术存在混叠且有效光程差有限的缺点,提出双强度调制偏振光谱测量新方法,该方法通过双强度调制干涉信号的和差处理,即保证单强度调制偏振光谱测量的优点,又能有效消除混叠现象,提高有效光程差和光谱分辨率,再对和差处理后的干涉信号进行傅里叶变换即可得到被测偏振光谱。文章对双强度调制偏振光谱测量方法进行了理论推导,并通过MATLAB对模拟入射光偏振光谱的干涉信号和傅里叶反演光谱进行仿真;仿真结果显示,该方法和差处理后可有效消除混叠且有效光程差提高一倍。通过理论分析和仿真验证了该方法的可行性,为进一步的工程实现提供理论支撑。     

Joint Reconstruction of Multi-contrast Images and Multi-channel Coil Sensitivities

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an important feature that it provides multiple images with different contrasts for complementary diagnostic information. However, a large amount of data is needed for multi-contrast images depiction, and thus, the scan is time-consuming. Many methods based on parallel magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) and compressed sensing (CS) are applied to accelerate multi-contrast MR imaging. Nevertheless, the image reconstructed by sophisticated pMRI methods contains residual aliasing artifact that degrades the quality of the image when the acceleration factor is high. Other methods based on CS always suffer the regularization parameter-selecting problem. To address these issues, a new method is presented for joint multi-contrast image reconstruction and coil sensitivity estimation. The coil sensitivities can be shared during the reconstruction due to the identity of coil sensitivity profiles of different contrast images for imaging stationary tissues. The proposed method uses the coil sensitivities as sharable information during the reconstruction to improve the reconstruction quality. As a result, the residual aliasing artifact can be effectively removed in the reconstructed multi-contrast images even if the acceleration factor is high. Besides, as there is no regularization term in the proposed method, the troublesome regularization parameter selection in the CS can also be avoided. Results from multi-contrast in vivo experiments demonstrated that multi-contrast images can be jointly reconstructed by the proposed method with effective removal of the residual aliasing artifact at a high acceleration factor.     

卫星振动频率和振幅对高光谱成像质量影响的仿真分析和实验研究

在星载推扫式高光谱成像仪成像过程中,卫星平台以振动为典型形式的姿态运动会导致探测器上不同的地物信息相互混叠,引起高光谱图像质量的退化。为了更有效地抑制、校正与补偿卫星振动引入的成像误差,针对典型色散型推扫成像光谱仪受平台振动而产生的空间维、光谱维质量退化的机理进行仿真分析和实验研究。通过分析其曝光时间内的光谱混合过程,得到了地物光谱和卫星姿态之间的关系,建立了推扫光谱成像退化模型。该模型综合考虑了不同姿态振动模式的影响,只要给出每个时刻的卫星平台姿态参数,即可通过普适的系数矩阵计算得出每个混合像元的平均混合比,进而获得仿真的退化高光谱数据立方体。详细推导了平均混合比的一般表达形式,对振幅、频率等振动参数对光谱混合的影响分别进行了定量分析。以实际运动状态下拍摄获得的高光谱数据立方体为例,进行了退化仿真和地面模拟运动退化实验,并对退化前后的高光谱数据进行了评价。结果表明,退化仿真和实际退化效果吻合,平均混合比能够直接反映高光谱图像退化的程度;卫星振动造成高光谱图像空间维质量恶化,使不同地物目标的光谱发生了混叠;高光谱数据的退化程度主要由振幅决定,振动频率对退化的影响较小。     

Assessment of the Performance of Staring Infrared Imaging Array Based on Microscanning Modes

Staring infrared detector arrays, which sample a scene with pixels of finite size, generate images that are affected by aliasing and blurring caused by the sampling process. One potential method to reduce the effects of sampling is microscanning. In this paper, the sampling-averaging modulation transfer function at half the detector spatial cutoff frequency is introduced to be as a figure of merit to quantitatively assess microscanning image quality for selected cases of fill factor. Analytical results show that microscanning process can significantly reduce aliasing in the reconstructed image, and that the improvement of different modes of microscanning process to the reconstructed image quality is different, which is closely associated with fill factor. The microscan sampling and restoration imagery are also simulated with pixel interpolation method to qualitatively verify the reduction in aliasing with respect to typical microscanning mode (2×2, 3×3, 4×4 microscan) for the detector array of 100% and 50% fill factor respectively. And, the determining method of the optimum step number of microscanning needed is discussed for the staring imaging array with certain fill factor.     

基于非均匀螺旋线数据和布雷格曼迭代的快速磁共振成像方法

数据采集时间长是制约磁共振成像技术发展的重要瓶颈.为了解决这一问题, 本文基于压缩感知成像理论, 提出了一种结合非均匀螺旋线磁共振数据采集序列和布雷格曼迭代重建的快速磁共振成像方法, 通过欠采样缩短数据采集时间.欠采样引起混迭伪影则通过非均匀螺旋线欠采样特性和布雷格曼迭代重建去除.水模磁共振成像实验和在体磁共振成像实验结果表明: 欠采样情况下, 所提出的方法能有效去除欠采样导致的混迭伪影, 获得的图像结构信息完整的成像结果, 在缩短采样时间的同时, 具有较高的准确度. 关键词： 磁共振成像 非均匀螺旋线 全变分 布雷格曼迭代     

De-aliasing for signal restoration in Propeller MR imaging

PurposeObjects falling outside of the true elliptical field-of-view (FOV) in Propeller imaging show unique aliasing artifacts. This study proposes a de-aliasing approach to restore the signal intensities in Propeller images without extra data acquisition.Materials and methodsComputer simulation was performed on the Shepp-Logan head phantom deliberately placed obliquely to examine the signal aliasing. In addition, phantom and human imaging experiments were performed using Propeller imaging with various readouts on a 3.0 Tesla MR scanner. De-aliasing using the proposed method was then performed, with the first low-resolution single-blade image used to find out the aliasing patterns in all the single-blade images, followed by standard Propeller reconstruction. The Propeller images without and with de-aliasing were compared.ResultsComputer simulations showed signal loss at the image corners along with aliasing artifacts distributed along directions corresponding to the rotational blades, consistent with clinical observations. The proposed de-aliasing operation successfully restored the correct images in both phantom and human experiments.ConclusionThe de-aliasing operation is an effective adjunct to Propeller MR image reconstruction for retrospective restoration of aliased signals.