用于定向红外对抗的中波红外激光器技术

针对定向红外对抗系统对中波红外激光器在激光波段、激光功率、激光束散角、激光重复频率以及调制波形等方面的具体要求,通过对光泵半导体激光器、量子级联激光器和基于光学参量振荡的固体以及光纤激光器的技术特点与发展现状的分析比较,和对双折射相位匹配与准相位匹配的特点和最新发展动态的梳理,提出用高功率高光束质量的1 064 nm固体激光器或光纤激光器泵浦基于掺氧化镁的周期极化铌酸锂晶体（PPMgLN）的光学参量振荡器的中波红外激光器方案,其波段转换效率可达到16%以上。     

全光纤多种子激光脉冲产生系统

报道一种可精确同步输出宽带啁啾脉冲、纳秒级整形脉冲以及窄带光参量啁啾放大抽运脉冲的全光纤多种子激光脉冲产生系统.采用掺镱光纤锁模激光器和掺镱单纵模光纤振荡器作为系统的光源,将掺镱光纤锁模激光器输出的超短脉冲分束啁啾展宽至0.9ns后,一路进行放大产生10μJ量级的宽带啁啾脉冲为高能拍瓦激光器系统提供种子光脉冲,另一路通过1.2nm滤波产生140ps的基元脉冲,通过光纤堆积器产生可编程整形的2.3ns脉冲,再经过放大达到10μJ量级,提供任意整形的压缩脉冲.同时,将部分掺镱光纤锁模激光器输出的超短脉冲进行光电转换并锁相后,产生与锁模超短脉冲高精度同步的电脉冲用于触发幅度调制器,将掺镱单纵模光纤振荡器输出的连续光削波放大,产生光参量啁啾放大抽运脉冲.该系统能够根据物理实验的需要,非常灵活地在输出各种脉冲之间做出选择.     

连续波光参量振荡器定向红外干扰

介绍了基于光纤激光器泵浦的光学参量振荡器发展现状及其在定向红外干扰技术中的应用前景,对定向红外干扰技术的一些基本原理进行了讨论。利用自研的一台基于光纤激光器泵浦的连续波光学参量振荡器,通过周期调谐的方式分别实现3.414,3.630和3.820 m的瓦级中红外激光输出。采用这3个波长的激光对中红外热像仪进行了干扰原理性实验。对比实验结果可以得出:对于3.820 m波长的中红外激光,当其辐照的HgCdTe探测器前功率密度大于10 W/cm2量级时,在传输750 m距离后,热像仪实现饱和效果并且非饱和区域图像灰度级发生较大变化,达到了掩盖有用信号的目的。     

中红外固体激光器研究进展

本文介绍了中红外固体激光器中新型的Fe²⁺: ZnSe激光器和基于MgO: PPLN、ZnGeP₂晶体的光参量振荡器的发展现状,讨论了它们在发展过程中遇到的技术难题,探讨了中红外固体激光器的未来发展方向。波长为3~5 μm的中红外固体激光器具有效率高、体积小和重量轻等优点,在工业、医疗、军事等方面具有重要应用价值,研制大尺寸、高质量中红外激光晶体和输出波长更长的红外高功率激光泵浦源已成为中红外固体激光器未来发展方向之一。     

高功率二极管泵浦铒激光器

Bradley等人在OPTCON’92 LEOS会议上报告了一种功率高达500mY连续波单片式掺铒激光器。诸如YSGG(钇钪镓石榴石)、GGG(钆镓石榴石)、BYF(氟化钇钡)和YAG(钇铝石榴石)等多数基质晶体掺铒后,连续波激光波长在2.8μm左右。所有晶体部可进行二极管泵浦,这就使固体激光系统能小型化。这种铒激光器能用于激光外科手术和产生可调红外光的泵浦光参量振荡器等方面。     

全光纤色散腔掺铒光纤激光器

报道用９７１ｎｍ半导体激光器泵浦的掺铒光纤激光器的一些实验研究结果。演示了由光纤环反射器和光纤光栅构成的全光纤色散掺铒光纤激光器，在１．５５μｍ波段获得了线宽小于０．０５ｎｍ的激光输出。     

中波红外激光技术最新进展

3～5μm中红外波段激光源是近年来备受国内外关注的研究热点,本文综合评述了产生中红外波段激光的5种主要方法（CO2激光倍频技术、泛频CO激光技术、光学参量振荡器、氟化氘激光器、Fe2＋∶ZnSe固体激光技术）的国内外发展现状,总结分析了各种方法的关键技术和存在的问题,指出了该技术的未来发展趋势。     

运用泵浦耦合器和飞秒刻蚀光栅制作的全光纤化掺铥光纤激光器(英文)

全光纤化掺铥光纤激光器作为光学参量振荡器的泵浦源,可以实现3～5μm激光输出,在激光雷达和光电对抗领域有着极为重要的应用前景.本文运用全国产化的泵浦光耦合器和双包层掺铥光纤实现了全光纤化掺铥光纤激光器.该光纤激光器采用自制的光纤布喇格光栅作为反射腔镜,增益光纤采用水冷的方式.光纤布喇格光栅通过45fs、800nm的飞秒脉冲光和相位掩模板直接在双包层掺铥光纤上刻蚀得到,泵浦光通过泵浦光耦合器的一端耦合进入增益光纤,产生的激光由泵浦光耦合器的另一端输出.输出激光的最高功率达到22.2W,激光波长为1.96μm,斜率效率约为37%,激光线宽为72.4pm.     

用红外激光脉冲触发半绝缘GaAs光电导开关的实验研究

报道了用光子能量低于GaAs禁带宽度的红外激光脉冲，触发电极间隙为3mm和8mm的半绝缘GaAs光电导开关的实验结果。使用单脉冲能量为1.9mJ的1 064nm Nd:YAG激光触发开关， 在偏置电压分别为3kV和5kV条件下，光电导开关分别工作于线性和非线性模式。用900nm半导体激光器和1 530nm掺铒光纤激光器分别进行触发实验，得到了重复频率分别为5kHz和20MHz的电脉冲波形。结果表明，半绝缘GaAs光电导开关可以吸收大于本征吸收限波长红外激光脉冲。     

中红外光纤激光技术研究进展与展望

中红外激光在通信、遥感、安检和光电对抗等许多领域中都有重要的应用价值,一直以来都是激光领域研究的热点。中红外激光的产生方法有很多,其中光纤中红外激光器具有结构紧凑、光束质量好和转换效率高等特点,故被认为最有希望实现便携、稳定、高效和高功率的中红外激光输出。随着软玻璃光纤制备工艺水平的提升,中红外光纤激光技术获得了快速发展,输出功率水平也得到了很大提升。然而,受限于稀土离子种类、软玻璃光纤制备工艺和软玻璃光纤化学稳定性,基于软玻璃光纤的中红外激光器在功率进一步提升和波长拓展方面存在技术瓶颈,近年出现的中红外光纤气体激光器为此提供了有效的解决方案。详细综述了中红外光纤激光技术的研究现状,包括基于气体填充空芯光纤的新型中红外光纤激光器,并简要展望了中红外光纤激光技术的发展趋势。     

High-energy femtosecond pulse amlification in a quasi-phase-matched parametric amplifier

A new type of solid-state femtosecond amplifier is demonstrated that is based on quasi-phase-matched parametric amplification. Such gain media are different from conventional solid-state amplifiers in that their amplification bandwidths and pump and signal wavelengths can be engineered. Furthermore, high gain is characteristic of parametric amplification, permitting extraction of high energies without the need to resort to multiple-pass configurations. We report a parametric chirped pulse amplification system in which femtosecond pulses from a mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser system are amplified to 1-mJ energies in a single pass by use of a 5-mm-long periodically poled LiNbO(3) (PPLN) crystal. This amplifier is pumped by 5-mJ and 0.5-ns pulses at 786 nm, demonstrating that limitations associated with a low optical-damage threshold for long pump pulses can be overcome because of the high nonlinearity of PPLN and that relatively simple Q -switched lasers can be used with such parametric amplifiers.     

远红外固体激光器研究进展

8～12μm波段是大气的一个窗口,被定义为长波红外波段。该波段激光对雾、烟尘等具有较强的穿透力,在激光光电对抗、激光遥感、医疗、环境监测及光通讯领域具有重要的应用前景。本文调研了常用的8～12μm非线性频率变换晶体,以及基于非线性频率变换晶体的远红外光参量振荡器的研究进展,对国内外能实现8～12μm波段激光输出的非线性晶体及激光系统进行了系统地归纳和总结,通过分析比较得出在8～12μm波段获得的最大输出能量为毫焦量级,最大功率为瓦量级。国内该技术与国外有着不小的差距,主要受制于高重频、高功率脉冲1～3μm泵浦源技术不成熟及高性能非线性晶体材料研制基础薄弱,我国在长波远红外固体激光器领域研究进展缓慢,因此研制大尺寸、高质量远红外激光晶体及输出波长更长的远红外高功率激光器已经成为激光器未来发展方向之一。     

半导体可饱和吸收镜作为被动调Q吸收体的发展状况

简介了近年来发展起来的若干种新型固体激光器被动调Q用吸收体：掺Cr4+系列，Cr，Nd∶YAG自调Q激光晶体，人眼安全激光器被动调Q用吸收体，GaAs吸收体，半导体可饱和吸收镜。着重介绍了固体激光器和光纤激光器调Q用半导体可饱和吸收镜的原理、研制方法及应用状况。     

Wavelength tunability of tandem optical parametric oscillator based on single PPMgOLN crystal

The theoretical analysis and experimental results of the wavelength tunability of a tandem optical parametric oscillator (TOPO) based on a single nonlinear crystal are presented.TOPO is a configuration wherein the signal laser is used as a pump laser to generate secondary optical parametric oscillator (OPO).The cascaded parametric interactions are achieved synchronously in a single-grating-period MgO doped periodically poled lithium niobate (PPMgOLN).Tunable multiple-wavelength mid-infrared (mid-IR) lasers are obtained by changing the temperature of the crystal.When the PPMgOLN crystal with a grating period of 31.2 μm is operated at 148 ℃,the dual OPOs generate an identical mid-IR laser of 2.83 μm.The secondary OPO transforms into an optical parametric amplifier,in which different frequency mixing from the signal laser results in the amplification of the idler laser in the first OPO.TOPO is a useful configuration for multiple laser output,broad tuning range,and high-efficiency mid-IR lasers.     

ZnS Nanospheres for Optical Modulator in an Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

Zinc sulfide (ZnS), which belongs to transition metal monochalcogenides, is a semiconductor material with wide direct band gap. It can potentially show some special applications (such as luminescence, phosphor, sensors, infrared window materials, photocatalysis) by changing the morphology, size, and crystal structure of semiconductor materials. However, ZnS nanospheres have not been studied as optical modulators until now. Herein, ZnS nanospheres are synthesized by the hydrothermal method and are used to realize optical modulators in an Er-doped fiber laser. The evanescent field effect is utilized to incorporate the ZnS nanospheres on a tapered fiber. Furthermore, with the increase in pump power, the modulation interval gradually decreases to a minimum of 34.36 ns corresponding to the modulation frequency of 29.1 MHz, which is the highest modulation frequency to our knowledge in a ring cavity all-fiber laser. These results demonstrate ZnS nanospheres together with the interaction of dispersion and nonlinearity in optical fibers can modulate the proposed lasers. This not only provides a new method for controlling the power and frequency of all optical modulators, but also marks an important step for ZnS materials in optics research and device applications.     

Emerging 2D Semiconducting Materials: Tin Diselenide for Ultrafast Photonics

SnSe₂, a novel 2D semiconducting material with good photoelectric properties and tunable bandgaps structure, has been widely studied in high-performance photodetectors and superconductivity applications, etc. Herein, another excellent property, nonlinear optical absorption, is applied to ultrafast photonics. The measured nonlinear optical absorption curve of SnSe₂ with modulation depth of 5.52% is obtained. Q-switching and mode-locking in Er-doped fiber lasers based on SnSe₂ is reported. A Q-switched fiber laser can be obtained with a 0.5-m-long gain fiber and a 50:50 optical coupler. With 0.75-m-long active fiber and a 40:60 optical coupler, mode locking can be obtained. Furthermore, a third-order bound-state soliton pulse with a pulse duration of 882 fs can be achieved. The experimental results show that SnSe₂ is an excellent optical saturable absorber for the applications of ultrafast photonics.     

Characterization of tunable low power Yb-doped fiber CW oscillators

A continuous-wave fiber laser characterization based on a Findlay–Clay analysis is proposed. With this procedure, commonly used for solid-state lasers, information about saturation power and reabsorption loss is obtained. The knowledge of these parameters is commonly sufficient for a number of fiber oscillator design issues, but it also allows estimating values for fabrication dependent parameters, such as absorption and emission cross-sections, doping concentrations and dopant effective diffusion areas. As an application example, a single-mode low-power oscillator employing standard and well-known fiber components has been studied, providing values in good agreement with previously reported spectroscopical measurements.     

高功率半导体激光泵浦源研究进展

高功率半导体激光器是固体激光器和光纤激光器的主要泵浦源。激光泵浦源性能的大幅提升直接促进了固体激光器、光纤激光器等激光器的发展。主要介绍了8xx nm和9xx nm系列半导体激光泵浦源的最新研究进展,8xx nm单管输出功率已达18.8 W@95μm,巴条输出功率已达1.8 kW(QCW),9xx nm单管输出功率已达35 W@100μm,巴条输出功率已达1.98 kW(QCW)。谱宽<1 nm的窄谱宽半导体激光器输出功率可达14 W。展望了未来半导体激光器泵浦源的发展趋势。