Hydride ion as a two-electron donor in a nanoporous crystalline semiconductor 12CaO.7Al2O3

The 12CaO.7Al2O3 (C12A7) crystal with a nanoporous lattice framework exhibits high electrical conductivity with an activation energy of approximately 1.5 eV when equilibrated in a hydrogen atmosphere above approximately 800 degrees C. The high conductivity is preserved in a quenched state below approximately 600 degrees C with a reduced activation energy of approximately 0.8 eV. Such complex behavior in electrical conductivity is associated with incorporation of hydride ions (H-) in cages of the lattice framework. Electromotive force measurements reveal that the major carrier for the conductivity is electron with a small contribution by proton (H+), ruling out the possibility of direct intercage migration of the H- ion. A combination of these observations with the ab initio calculations leads to the conclusion that the electrons are thermally generated from the H- ion by the dissociation into two electrons and an proton, which is further converted to an OH- ion via reaction with an extraframework oxide ion (O2-). The energy difference between the initial (H- + O2-) and the final (2e- + OH-) states as evaluated by the theoretical calculation is as small as approximately 1 eV, which agrees well with an experimentally obtained enthalpy change, approximately 1.4 eV. Thus, internal equilibration between the extraframework hydrogen and the oxygen species is responsible for the thermal generation of the carrier electron. It is also suggested that the same conductive (2e- + OH-) state is reached by the photoirradiation of H- -containing C12A7. In this case the photoionization of H- forms an electron and an Ho atom, which then forms an OH- ion and another electron with thermal assistance. The persistence of photoinduced conductivity is explained by the slow kinetics of the reverse process at room temperature.     

Hypophosphorous acid as a hydride ion donor

Conclusions Hypophosphorous acid is a protonating agent and relatively good hydride ion donor in ionic hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 473–474, February, 1988.     

Fluorine as a pi donor. Carbon 1s photoelectron spectroscopy and proton affinities of fluorobenzenes

The carbon 1s ionization energies for all of the carbon atoms in 10 fluorine-substituted benzene molecules have been measured by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. A total of 30 ionization energies can be accurately described by an additivity model with four parameters that describe the effect of a fluorine that is ipso, ortho, meta, or para to the site of ionization. A similar additivity relationship describes the enthalpies of protonation. The additivity parameters reflect the role of fluorine as an electron-withdrawing group and as a pi-electron donating group. The ionization energies and proton affinities correlate linearly, but there are four different correlations depending on whether there are 0, 1, 2, or 3 fluorines ortho or para to the site of ionization or protonation. That there are four correlation lines can be understood in terms of the ability of the hydrogens at the site of protonation to act as a pi-electron acceptor. A comparison of the ionization energies and proton affinities, together with the results of electronic structure calculations, gives insight into the effects of fluorine as an electron-withdrawing group and as a pi donor, both in the neutral molecule and in response to an added positive charge.     

Compaction of microporous amorphous solid water by ion irradiation

We have studied the compaction of vapor-deposited amorphous solid water by energetic ions at 40 K. The porosity was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and methane adsorption/desorption. These three techniques provide different and complementary views of the structural changes in ice resulting from irradiation. We find that the decrease in internal surface area of the pores, signaled by infrared absorption by dangling bonds, precedes the decrease in the pore volume during irradiation. Our results imply that impacts from cosmic rays can cause compaction in the icy mantles of the interstellar grains, which can explain the absence of dangling bond features in the infrared spectrum of molecular clouds.     

一种新型磷酸铍微孔晶体的合成与表征

水热晶化法合成并培养一种新型磷酸铍微孔晶体。经多晶X射线衍射, 四圆X射线单晶结构分析, 红外光谱等测定, 其骨架结构是由磷氧四面体和铍氧四面体交替的, 通过共用顶点氧原子(氧桥形式)构成的阴离子骨架。晶体属正交晶系,空间群为Pna21, 晶胞参数a=0.8699(1)nm, b=0.856(1)nm, c=0.4953(2)nm, 晶胞体积V=0.3691(7)nm^3。Z=4, 求解结构中最后R=0.054, Rw=0.048。微孔体系由4,6和8元环组成。水分子和平衡阴离子骨架电荷的质子位于平行(100)方向的六元环通道中, 研究其热稳定性能。     

Correlation between crystal texture and microporous structure of carbon adsorbents

A correlation of adsorption and X-ray data for a series of both initial and modified active carbons (AC) was performed. The AC were modified by thermal treatment and progressive activation. A linear correlation between the sizes of crystallites and micropore widths of AC was established. It was shown that the adsorption of water vapor results in an increase in the parameterL _aof crystallites of active carbons.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2159–2162, November, 1995.The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 94-03-09550).     

微孔纳米羟基磷灰石的水热合成与结构表征

以Ca(NO3)2.4H2O,P2O5为原料,水-乙醇体系为溶剂,在碱性介质中,采用水热法合成微孔羟基磷灰石,并考察了水热温度、时间对晶体结构的影响。通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热分析(TG/DTA)、透射电镜(TEM)等检测手段对HAP的晶相、化学组成和形貌进行了表征和分析,结果表明:160℃下水热8小时,可得到粒径为70×167nm的六方柱状微孔纳米HAP晶体,晶体表面孔径大约为1~2nm,孔密度大约为3×109个/cm2。     

Pore assembled multilayers of charged polypeptides in microporous membranes for ion separation

In this study, highly permeable ion-selective membranes are prepared via immobilization of polyelectrolyte multilayer networks within the inner pore structure of a microporous (pore size = 0.2 microm) support. Electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly is achieved through alternate adsorption of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes under convective flow conditions. To initiate pore assembly, the first layer consists of covalently bound charged polypeptides (poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLGA) or poly(L-lysine) (PLL)) establishing a charged support for subsequent adsorption. Nonstoichiometric immobilization of charged multilayers within a confined pore geometry leads to an enhanced volume density of ionizable groups in the membrane phase. This overall increase in the effective charge density allows for Donnan exclusion of ionic species (especially divalent co-ions) using microporous materials characterized by permeability values that exceed conventional membrane processes. Multilayer assemblies are fabricated using both PLGA/PLL and synthetic polyelectrolytes (poly(styrenesulfonate)/poly(allylamine)) in an attempt to compare the level of adsorption and separation properties of the resulting materials. The role of salt concentration in the carrier solvent on overall polyelectrolyte adsorption was examined to determine its effect on both solute (Cl-, SO4(2-), As(V)) and water transport. Constriction of the pore size induced by multilayer propagation was monitored through permeability measurements and dextran rejection studies at each stage of the deposition process.     

Polyurethane microporous membranes as pericardial substitutes

Pericardial substitutes were prepared from stable and degradable segmented polyurethanes and/or polyurethane/polyhydroxybutyrate composites.Polyurethane membranes implanted as pericardial substitute in the rabbit, did not activate adhesion and epicardial reaction over 3 months.Polyurethane/polyhydroxybutyrate membranes induced minimal adhesion or epicardial reaction, yet stimulated the growth of epithelium on the polymeric substrate and reduced the incidence of infection.     

Hydride donor abilities and bond dissociation free energies of transition metal formyl complexes

The hydride complex [Pt(dmpe)2H]+ (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) reversibly transfers H- to the rhenium carbonyl complex [CpRe(PMe3)(NO)(CO)]+, giving the formyl CpRe(PMe3)(NO)(CHO). From the equilibrium constant for the hydride transfer (16.2), the DeltaGdegrees for the reaction was determined (-1.6 kcal/mol), as was the hydride-donating ability of the formyl (44.1 kcal/mol). The hydride-donating ability, DeltaGdegrees(H-), is defined as the energy required to release the hydride ion into solution by the formyl complex [i.e. M(CHO) right arrow M(CO)+ + H-]. Subsequently, the hydride-donating ability of a series of formyl complexes was determined, ranging from 44 to 55 kcal/mol. With use of this information, two rhenium carbonyl complexes, [CpRe(NO)(CO)2]+ and [Cp*Re(NO)(CO)2]+, were hydrogenated to formyls, employing [Pt(dmpp)2]2+ and Proton-Sponge. Finally, the E(1/2)(I/0) values for five rhenium carbonyl complexes were measured by cyclic voltammetry. Combined with the known DeltaGdegrees(H-) values for the complexes, the hydrogen atom donating abilities could be determined. These values were all found to be approximately 50 kcal/mol.     

Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of acridine molecular anion and its monohydrate

Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to investigate the electronic structure of the acridine molecular anion and its monohydrated anion in the gas phase. Their adiabatic electron affinities were measured to be 0.896+/-0.010 and 1.18+/-0.05 eV, and the low-lying electronic excited states in both neutral acridine and in its monohydrate were revealed. The photoelectron spectra clearly exhibit the presence of low-lying singlet and triplet states having a (pi,pi*) configuration in an uncomplexed acridine molecule. Comparison of the photoelectron spectrum of acridine with that of anthracene shows that photodetachment processes into the excited states of (n,pi*) configuration have little intensity, implying a relatively large intramolecular structural relaxation in the (n,pi*) states.     

KTiOPO4单晶膜钾离子选择性电极的研究

本文采用KTiOPO4单晶薄片作为离子活性传感膜, 制备了钾离子选择性电极。20℃时, 其线性响应范围为1.2×10^-^5～1.0mol.dm^-^3氯化钾溶液, 平均响应斜率为58mV/-lgak, 对钠离子的电位选择性系数为4.0×10^-^4。该电极的优点是电极斜率受酸度变化影响小, 稳定性和重现性好, 寿命长。     

Theory of the potential of a donor ion in silicon

In this paper a variational principle has been formulated for obtaining an approximate solution of Poisson's equation for the potential of a donor ion embedded in Si. A comparison of a two parameter approximate analytical potential with the exact numerical potential shows excellent agreement for several electron concentrations. It is also found that the present theory, using the concept of a “spatially variable dielectric constant,” leads to a donor-ion potential which deviates significantly from the potential of Dingle, which has been the traditional starting point of calculations of electron mobility limited by ionized-impurity scattering.     

A comparison of the photoelectron spectrum and crystal orbital calculations of polyethylene

The experimentally observed photoelectron spectrum of C₃₆H₇₄ is compared with theoretical calculations based on crystal orbital theory at vario     

Triethylsilane as Hydride Donor in Ether Formation from Carbonyl Compounds

Triethylsilane is a convenient hydride source in the conversion of ketones or aldehydes to ethers under mild neutral conditions.     

Chromium ion incorporation in the crystal structure of BGO

Comprehensive investigations have been performed by EPR and optical spectroscopy for Bi₃GeO₄ crystals doped with chromium ions. It is demonstrated that the known optical absorption spectrum for chromium ions, specifically, the triplet in the region 600–900 nm has an analog in the EPR spectra — the center with electron spin S = 1. The spectrum is described by the spin-Hamiltonian with the parameters D = 550 G, E = 10 G, g _xx = g _yy = 1.915, g _zz = 1.932. The EPR spectrum is dictated by Cr⁴⁺ incorporation at the germanium sites. Luminescence observed in the region 1.2–1.7 μm is also caused by transitions of Cr⁴⁺ with tetrahedral surroundings to germanium sites. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 N. V. Chernei, V. A. Nadolinnyi, N. V. Ivannikova, V. A. Gusev, I. N. Kupriyanov, V. N. Shlegel, and Ya. V. Vasiliev __________ Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 444–450, May–June, 2005.