Polymerisation du methacrylate de methyle par le chlorure de tertio-butylemagnesium en solution dans le tetrahydrofuranne—II Comportement de la polymerisation en fonction de la temperature et de la composition du magnesien

The polymerization of methylmethacrylate initiated by tert butyl-magnesium chloride in tetrahydrofuran has been studied in terms of yield and balance-sheet. It has been shown that only the symmetrical form of the Grignard reagent is efficient in initiating the polymerization. Initiation, propagation and termination mechanisms have been proposed.     

Influence de la tacticite du polychlorure de vinyle sur son comportement physique en fonction de la temperature

Three PVC samples, having syndiotacticity contents between 55 and 68%, have been prepared and characterized by previously described methods. Their thermal behaviour has been studied using three techniques, viz. inverse chromatography. ATD and Rheovibron. The results make clear the influence of tacticity on both the number and the intensity of transitions. These results are accounted for on the basis of a possible influence of TG conformations on the behaviour of the amorphous phase.     

Syntheses biomimetiques dans la serie de la lunarine

The biomimetic synthesis of (±)-tetrahydrolunaridine is described; another synthetic approach has been tried but was unsuccessful. The results obtained are discussed in relation with biogenetic hypothesis.     

Le developement de l'etude de la diffusion de la lumiere et des neutrons par les polymeres a strasbourg

In this paper one recalls the history of the development of scattering studies after the first world war in Strasbourg. Tremendous progress has been made and some examples of this progress are discussed     

Etude en Spectrometrie de Masses des Fragmentations de Derives de la Triazine-1,2,4

The mass spectra of 49 1,2,4-triazines with oxo, thioxo, methoxy and methylmercapto groups in the 3 and 5 positions are reported and analysed. Five distinct patterns have been observed upon electron impact but an initial loss of N₂ has not been identified. A tautomeric equilibrium has been shown to occur in the vapour phase from some fragmentation pathways.     

Etude de la stabilite de la conformation de copolypeptides alternes

Conformation stability of alternating copolypeptides with the repeating units $\text{Nε-}\text{carbobenzoxy}\text{-}\text{l}\text{-}\text{lysyl}\text{, β-}\text{benzyl}\text{-}\text{l}\text{-}\text{aspartate}\text{(}\text{CLL}\text{-β}\text{BLA}\text{)}\text{and}\text{Nε-}\text{carbobenzoxy}\text{-}\text{l}\text{-}\text{lysyl}\text{, γ-}\text{benzyl}\text{-}\text{l}\text{-}\text{glutamate}\text{(}\text{CLL}\text{-γ}\text{BLG}\text{)}$ has been studied by NMR 220 MHz and by viscosity in deuterochloroform/trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) pair at 25°. NMR spectra show a helix-coil transition at low TFA contents for both copolypeptides as compared to other types of copolypeptides. In the case of poly (CLL-γBLG), the helix begins to collapse at 4% TFA and the transition is complete at 6% TFA. Poly(CLL-βBLA) helix is still more fragile since the transition is complete at 3% TFA. Viscosity measurements seem to indicate helix coil transition to take place at lower TFA content but the disagreement between the two sets of results is only artificial. This low helix stability of both copolypeptides is discussed according to the Lifson—Roig—Cortijo theory taking into account formation of H-bonding between side-chains having different chemical structures. This low helix stability would be due to a co-operative collapsing effect.     

Determinations cinetiques par microcalorimetrie differentielle en programmation de temperature. II. Influence de la variation de la sensibilite du calorimetre avec la temperature sur les valeurs trouvees pour les constantes de vitesse et les enthalpies de reaction

The variation with temperature of the sensitivity of a “Thermanalyse” microcalorimeter has been determined using the electrical calibration system of the apparatus. From the results, a method for the correction of the differential scanning microcalorimetric diagrams has been developed. The influence on the determination of the rate constants during kinetic studies of the decompositions of free radical initiators and on enthalpy measurements has been studied.     

Etude de la chloration du PVC en masse—II. Influence et evolution de la stereoregularite de la chaine en rapport avec les mecanismes de reaction

Bulk chlorination of PVC has been studied by i.r. and NMR. The evolution of chain stereoregularity during reaction and its significance to reaction mechanism have been specified. In particular, for temperatures <80°, the ratio Cl/C cannot exceed 0.75 because changes of conformation are impossible. To exceed this ratio, additional energy is necessary but then there is a parallel loss of hydrogen chloride. In all cases isotactic diads of TG conformation would be first chlorinated. At temperature above 100°, the microstructure of bulk chlorinated products is similar to that of products prepared in solution while their configuration and conformation are different.     

Spectres de vibration de pigments rouges de la famille des quinacridones

The i.r. and Raman spectra of various crystalline phases of the trans linear quinacridone and some methylated and chlorinated derivatives have been investigated between 4000 and 200 cm⁻¹. Each of these pigments has been characterized spectroscopically and an assignment for intramolecular fundamentals is given in terms of group frequencies. The strength and length of NH ⋯ O hydrogen bonds have been assessed from the vNH frequency and correlated with the pigment colour which is principally determined by intermolecular interactions rather than by the substituent hypso(batho)chromic effect. The NH ⋯ O distance increases from 2.87 Å for the red compounds to 2.93 Å for the purple ones.     

Etude de la Fragmentation en Spectrographie de Masse de Spiropyrannes Benzodithioliques. Influence de la Position et de la Nature des Substituants

The mass spectra of 12 benzodithiolic spiropyrans are reported. Their fragmentation pathways have been determined by exact mass and metastable transition measurements. The nature of the fragmentation is strongly dependent upon the position and nature of the substituents. A comparison is made with their photo and thermochemical decompositions.     

Détermination de la Conformation et de la Configuration de Sulfoxydes à Sept Chainons,Intermédiaires de Synthèse d'un Analogue de la Biotine

The conformation of the two isomeric 8,10-diaza-8,10-dibenzyl-4-thiabicyclo[5.3.0]decan-9-one 4-oxides has been studied by NMR. The vicinal coupling constants show that these two sulfoxides exist in a highly preferred chair conformation where the S→O bond is axial.     

Mise en evidence de la premiere stannaphosphimine

Dimethylstanna (phenyl) phosphimine [Me₂SnPPh], first example of species with sp² tin and dicoordinated phosphorus has been obtained in exchange reactions between organotindiamines (or dialkyldihalotin) and 2,5-disilaphospholanes; it has been characterized by formation of its trimer and insertion reactions into strained heterocycles such as the thiirane and 2-germaphosphetane with formation of stannathiaphospholane and stannegermadiphosphorinane respectively.     

Inequivalence magnetique en serie imidazolidine : Application a la determination de la configuration relative de diastereoisomeres

The magnetic inequivalence of benzylic protons in N,N′-dibenzyl 2- or 4-monosubstituted and 2,4-disubstituted imidazolidines has been used to assign cis configuration to substituents at position 2 and 4.     

Vinylallenes—VI : Synthese de cetones de la serie de la jasmone

Dehydrojasmone 1a and nor-methyl dehydrojasmone 1b have been prepared by action of a peracid on appropriately substituted vinylallenes. Several pathways to these hydrocarbons are described.     

Etude theorique de la reactivite des ions libres intervenant dans la polymerisation anionique de quelques monomeres vinyliques

The reactivities have been calculated for free ions involved in anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers. The copolymerization constants k_AB available in the literature are compared to the stabilization energies involved in the reaction of carbanions with the same monomer. The reactivities of carbanions of living poly (2-vinyl pyridine), poly styrene and poly (substituted styrenes) with respect to 1-1,diphenylethylene have been computed. The rate constants of homopolymerisation have been compared with the variation of π energy between the “monomer” and “carbanion” states of these monomers. The occurrence of side-reactions during the polymerization of vinyl-pyridine has been investigated using quantum chemistry methods.     

Polymerisation cationique de l'indene amorcee par le tetrachlorure de titane-II Influence de la temperature sur la vitesse de polymerisation

Polymerization rates in the indene-titanium tetrachloride-methylene chloride system, using rigorously dried reagents, have been measured at various temperatures. At sufficiently high temperatures (above ?10°C), polymerization yields may be incomplete and cocatalytic phenomena have been observed; at low temperatures, yields are always complete. The reaction order in monomer is unity at ?70°C, which may be explained by a constant concentration of active centres during the major part of the reaction. At ?70°C, the reproducibility shows that residual water has no cocatalytic effect. The measured values of polymerization initial rates at various temperatures show that the apparent overall activation energy is negative. Various interpretations of this result are discussed, but it may be more easily reconciled with both the existence of a quasi-stationary state and an equilibrium between different types of active species.     

Cyclisations radicalaires—XXIII : Etude de la reversibilite de la cyclisation Ar2-6 de radicaux aryl-4 butyles

Ar₂-6 cyclization of 4-phenyl 1-butyl radicals has been shown not to be reversible up to 200°C. The interplay of enthalpy and stereoelectronic factors in the fission of cyclohexadienyl radicals is discussed.     

Methode de mesure de la periode d'un corps radioactif et applications

The authors propose a function describing a curve taken on a multiple-stage instrument. This function depends on three parameters; the time, the half-life, and the initial dead-time. The latter has been measured accurately on an electronic unit developed for this purpose. The half-lives of certain elements (Hf, Ag, Se, Na, V, Sc, Al) have been determined and the differences in the half-lives of an element and its salt have been pointed out.      

Etude de la chimioselectivite de la reaction des dichloroboranes avec les azides fonctionnels : une synthese efficace d'amines secondaires fonctionnalisees.

The reaction of cyclohexyldichloroborane, used as a model, with a wide variety of functionalized azides has been studied. It has been shown to be an efficient synthesis of secondary amines in terms of chemioselectivity, yields and wide applicability.     

Applications recentes de la reaction de retro-diels-alder en synthese organique

During the past few years a number of reports have appeared, dealing with applications of the retro-Diels-Alder reaction, which now takes a place in the methodology of organic synthesis. An attempt is made here to summarize all the important work which has been done in this field from 1970 until the end of 1976. The accent will be the simplicity and broad variety of synthetic applications.