迈克尔逊干涉光谱仪动镜倾斜误差容限分析

系统分析了迈克尔逊干涉光谱仪中平面动镜在运动过程中发生倾斜致使反射光束偏转时对干涉图的影响.结果表明,光束偏转带来的误差分为三部分：光束偏转导致整体增加的恒定光程差,垂直光轴方向因不同光线而引入的偏移光程差以及偏转光束中心相对于光轴的偏移量.从调制度和相位误差角度给出了平面动镜倾斜误差容限,并讨论了减小干涉图受光束偏转影响的方法.     

转镜式光谱仪端反射镜误差容限分析

系统分析了当转镜式干涉光谱仪端反射镜发生倾斜,致使反射光束偏转时对干涉图的影响.发现光束偏转带来的误差分为三部分：1）光束偏转导致整体增加的恒定光程差;2）垂直光轴方向因不同光线而引入的偏移光程差;3）光束中心相对于光轴的偏移量.干涉强度中的有效信号减小,同时直流分量不变,因此信噪比降低.最后从调制度和相位误差角度给出了端反射镜倾斜误差容限并讨论了减小干涉图受光束偏转影响的方法.     

FTIR光谱仪中基于定镜调整的动镜运动控制研究

动镜是FTIR光谱仪中唯一不断运动的部件,动镜的匀速运动性能以及动镜与定镜的准直性好坏影响干涉效果和光谱图质量,直接制约着仪器的精度和分辨率,对仪器整体指标起着重要作用。文章围绕FTIR光谱仪中干涉仪动镜运动的匀速性以及其与定镜的准直性展开研究,使用相位检测技术对定镜的姿态作出动态调整以补偿动镜与定镜间的倾斜夹角,并且设计了具有磁悬浮特点的动镜支撑系统。文章采用改进的模糊PID控制算法实现动镜运动速度的精确调节,对该控制方案从硬件设计和算法上实现。结果表明所研发的动镜运动控制系统具有足够的精度和实时性,能够保证FTIR光谱仪中干涉仪所需的准直性及动镜匀速性的要求。     

平行双转镜傅里叶变换光谱仪

在时间调制傅里叶变换光谱仪中,直线运动型动镜很难精确驱动,容易引起倾斜和剪切的问题。旋转型动镜可以解决该类问题。介绍了一种转镜式傅里叶变换光谱仪方案,并对其进行了原理分析和光程差公式推导,提出了工程设计约束条件。该光谱仪由一个分束器,两个固定平面镜,两面平行固定在一个转轴上旋转的平面反射镜,前置镜,后置镜及探测器组成。通过原理介绍得出,该光谱仪结构简单,两条分光光线经同一平面镜反射后干涉,使仪器更容易装调;通过光程差推算得出,该光谱仪容易实现大光程差,光谱分辨率高;通过工程设计约束及仿真分析得出,该光谱仪需要在高速旋转的条件下实现高分辨率采样,容易实现精确运动控制,稳定性好,测量速度快。     

新型傅里叶变换光谱仪反射镜倾斜容限分析及实验

采用微机电系统微镜阵列和倾斜反射镜替代传统傅里叶变换光谱仪的动镜系统,提出一种基于微机电系统微镜阵列的新型傅里叶变换光谱仪.介绍了该光谱仪的工作原理,分析了倾斜反射镜倾斜角度的容限范围,并搭建了实验系统,进行了实验验证.理论推导表明:在近红外区域,反射镜倾角理论最大值为0.52°,光谱分辨率达到8 nm;在可见光区域,反射镜倾角理论最大值0.183°,光谱分辨率达到3 nm.选取可见光源488 nm激光器进行的实验验证结果表明:在倾角容限范围之内,光谱能准确还原;反之,光谱严重失真.最终,采用复色光源进一步实验验证了理论分析的正确性.     

低温对迈克尔逊干涉仪干涉调制度的影响

为使干涉仪能在低温下正常可靠的工作,从低温下波面畸变、动镜倾斜及分束器的性能变化几个方面讨论了低温对干涉调制度的影响.介绍了减小低温对干涉调制度影响的措施,为确定傅里叶光谱仪干涉系统光学机械零件的材料、加工准确度、装夹方式、装调要求以及干涉仪的动态控制准确度等提供了参考依据.     

转镜式高灵敏度干涉光谱成像仪ROSI的设计方法

介绍了转镜式高灵敏度干涉光谱成像仪(ROSI)的设计计算方法,包括系统基本参量计算、光程差与干涉仪结构参量和转镜角度的关系以及转镜转速与探测器采样帧频的关系等,同时,分析了像点位移与探测器采样之间的失配问题,并给出了最小采样频率公式.     

对主动抛光盘在加工、测量状态下盘面的变形及提升的数学分析*

用主动抛光盘磨制非球面是一个动态的过程,必须保证在计算机控制下,主轴的移动、旋转。和抛光盘的旋转、倾斜、变形及升降,以及主镜的旋转都步调一致。推导出在模式中诸要点的位置、速度、加速度和时间的关系,并根据所加工的口径φ910mm,焦比为F／2的抛物面主镜参量和所用主动抛光盘的参量分析：1)主动抛光盘基板的变形特性。即它的变形量、变形的速度和加速度。以及近似公式与精确公式之间的差异;2)主动抛光盘背面的三个提升点运动规律。即它的升降量、升降的速度和加速度;3)主动抛光盘的变形量和它在差分变压器式线性微位移传感器(LVDT)测试架上所测得的测量量之间的关系;4)分析主动抛光盘的变形与提升的速度与加速度和抛光盘沿横梁的运动速度V1以及抛光盘自身的转速V2之间的关系和特性。此分析是主动抛光盘的数学基础,它为主动抛光盘的机械和电控设计提供了技术依据,为实现计算机控制下的6轴联动提供了保证。     

大倾斜角度下基于冷原子重力仪的绝对重力测量

冷原子重力仪的倾斜角会对绝对重力测量产生显著的影响.高精度的绝对重力测量需要对重力仪的倾斜角进行精确的测量、控制及校正.本文从理论上分析了四种不同情况下倾斜对绝对重力测量的影响规律,并在实验上对得到的理论进行了实验验证.基于此,设计了一种基于双倾斜计的绝对重力测量方案,主要是为了解决恶劣测量环境下的冷原子重力仪倾斜漂移问题.此方案利用高精度倾斜计记录放置在被动隔振平台上的拉曼反射镜的倾斜角度,并使用另外一个倾斜计监控真空系统的倾斜,以实现振动噪声的抑制和倾斜的高精度测量.基于自研的小型化冷原子重力仪,对该方案进行了实验验证,并最终实现了车间复杂环境下的高精度绝对重力测量.由于倾斜得到精确测量和补偿,冷原子重力仪的测量精度达到了12.3μGal.本文为复杂环境下的高精度绝对重力测量提供了一种可行的方案,为冷原子重力仪的实用化提供了参考数据.     

某空间望远镜相关跟踪系统摆镜随机振动分析

介绍了基础激励下机构随机振动响应的理论与分析方法.利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了某空间望远镜相关跟踪系统摆镜的有限元模型,并进行了随机振动响应分析.通过分析考察了其承受动力学环境的能力.对计算结果进行了分析.指出了现有结构中的薄弱环节,提出了改进方案,为摆镜的设计提供了重要参考依据.     

某空间望远镜相关跟踪系统摆镜随机振动分析

介绍了基础激励下机构随机振动响应的理论与分析方法.利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了某空间望远镜相关跟踪系统摆镜的有限元模型,并进行了随机振动响应分析.通过分析考察了其承受动力学环境的能力.对计算结果进行了分析.指出了现有结构中的薄弱环节,提出了改进方案,为摆镜的设计提供了重要参考依据.     

Optical path difference evaluation of the polarization interference imaging spectrometer

The optical path difference (OPD) of the static polarization interference imaging spectrometer and wide-field-of-view polarization interference imaging spectrometer are calculated and analyzed, simultaneously. The analysis results show that the actual total OPD contains two parts, the Savart polariscope introduces the first part, and the second part is introduced when imaging lens reunites two beams in its focal plane. Since the first part OPD accounts for about half of the actual total OPD, it has influences on the resulting spectrum and thus cannot be neglected. The influences of the uniaxial crystal dispersion on the OPD and resulting spectrum are analyzed, and the results show that the OPD decreased with the wavelength, the spectral resolution increased with the wavelength. There are no fixed spectral resolution over the entire detection spectral region, and the spectral resolution would become worse with the increase of the wavelength.     

拼接式望远镜主镜衍射效应研究

拼接式主镜的设计使超大口径望远镜的构想成为现实。为了研究拼接式望远镜的成像性能,精确分析和量化了拼接式主镜构型、平移误差、倾斜误差对衍射效应的影响,从拼接式光学系统的成像原理出发,基于齐次坐标变换建立了拼接式主镜的光瞳模型,并仿真分析了拼接主镜构型对衍射效应的影响。分析结果表明:对于不同构型的拼接主镜,其衍射效应受拼接主镜的填充因子和孔径间隔共同影响,填充因子越高,孔径间隔越小,系统成像质量越好。以典型的拼接主镜构型为例,分别仿真分析了单个子镜平移误差、倾斜误差和拼接主镜整体平移误差、倾斜误差对衍射效应的影响。分析结果表明:对于单个子镜,平移误差对远场衍射的影响具有周期性;对于拼接主镜整体,当子镜piston误差的均方根值小于0.039λ时,斯特列尔比大于0.95;当子镜tip-tilt误差的均方根值小于0.036λ时,斯特列尔比大于0.95。分析结果为拼接式望远镜的成像性能分析、主镜的构型设计、平移误差和倾斜误差的检测与调整等提供了依据。     

猫眼动镜横移误差容限及次镜倾斜分析

介绍了猫眼动镜干涉光谱仪的基本原理和三种猫眼镜,分析了猫眼动镜的横向偏移对干涉图的影响,推导了横移所产生的最大附加光程差公式,从相位误差角度给出了猫眼动镜的横移误差容限公式并得到了在典型参量下的定量数据.分析了猫眼镜次镜倾斜对光程差的影响,导出了次镜倾斜所产生的最大附加光程差公式,并给出了在典型参量下最大附加光程差与次镜倾角之间的关系图.     

腔内倾斜扰动对正支共焦腔本征模式的影响

针对激光器出光过程中腔内像差扰动带来的光束质量下降问题,分析了正支共焦腔腔内不同位置倾斜扰动对本征模式的影响,采用数值迭代法计算了理想状态及腔内不同位置倾斜扰动状态下的本征模式、相位Zernike像差拟合系数.结果表明：对大小给定的扰动,相位相对敏感性从凸面镜到凹面镜逐渐增加,且腔模倾斜像差增大的同时还将导致离焦、像散等高阶像差的增大,因此作腔内补偿时,应使补偿平面尽可能靠近凹面镜.     

Demonstration for a two-axis interferometric tilt sensor in KAGRA

Recently, a folded Mach–Zehnder interferometer with homodyne in- and quadrature-phase detection was proposed as a high-precision, wide-dynamic range tilt sensor. By way of a practical application and to validate actual performance, two-axis tilt sensors were developed and installed for one mirror of the input mode cleaner cavity in KAGRA, the large-scale cryogenic gravitational-wave telescope in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. Building on previous work, we have demonstrated that the two-axis tilt sensor has properly sensed the tilt angle changes of the mirror motion with high precision and without calibration. Compared with our initial angular sensor, an optical lever, which is calibrated by using the interferometer tilt sensor, we found that both sensors showed actual tilt motions of the mirror at low frequencies, and the two-axis interferometer sensor has a better sensitivity at higher frequencies.     

Modal dispersion due to photon–plasmon coupling in a SNOM tip

The mesoscopic effect of spectral modulation is used to experimentally investigate the possible effect of a metal-coated SNOM tip on the intermodal dispersion of an optical fiber. Highly regular modulation registered in a fixed spectral region of the broadband light transmitted by a 200 nm SNOM tip yields the value of optical path difference (OPD) in the two-mode model. To investigate the origin of this OPD a series of spectral measurements accompanied with a gradual reduction of the multimode fiber tail length has been performed. The results indicate that the observed OPD consists of two clearly distinguishable contributions: the OPD in the non-coated multimode fiber and the OPD in the metal-coated SNOM tip. The first one is a result of the inherent modal dispersion of an optical fiber. A numerical consideration shows that the second one can be attributed to a mode-dependent contribution of surface plasmon polaritons: one of the two modes couples to plasmons stronger than the other one, resulting in a remarkably slower propagation. This leads to a completely different value of intermodal dispersion, which actually changes its sign in the SNOM tip. Proposed is a logical explanation for such kind of a sign-switching behavior.     

傅里叶变换光谱仪中角反射体特性的研究

本文分析了傅里叶变换光谱仪中用平面反射镜作为动镜时的晃动量问题,然后讨论了用角反射体作为动镜时对角反射体及其晃动量的要求,最后给出角反射体比平面反射镜具有更高分辨率的结论.     

Heterodyne detection of enhanced backscatter

Heterodyne detection has been used to measure the enhanced backscattering from a standard target consisting of a plane mirror positioned behind a moving ground-glass disk (assumed to act as a phase screen). A tilt of the plane mirror in combination with spectral filtering of the detector output allows isolation of the double-scattered component of the light signal. When the illuminating laser and the local oscillator beams are correctly mode matched, the intensity of this signal displays the factor-of-2 increase that denotes full coherent enhancement. This full enhancement is preserved for a wide range of mirror to phase-screen spacing, in contrast with earlier observations in which direct-detection techniques were used.     

Modified super-wide-angle Sagnac imaging interferometer based on LCoS for atmospheric wind measurement

The modified super-wide-angle Sagnac imaging interferometer (MSASII) based on liquid crystals on silicon (LCoS) is proposed as a novel device for the detection of the upper atmospheric wind field. This device employs the phase-only modulation (POM) of LCoS coupled with the MSASII, and can measure phase changes in multi-band emissions without moving mirror. It can be used to replace the conventional Michelson’s interferometer with step-moving mirror device. The optical path difference (OPD) equation of MSASII-LCoS is derived, and the four compensation conditions (field, chromatics, thermal and achromaticity of thermal compensations) are discussed within the scope of wind measurement. The real parameters of LCoS and optical glasses are selected for numerical simulation and analysis. Three aurora lines (732.0, 630.0 and 557.7 nm) are considered, and their phase variations are 3.61, 2.02 and 0.15 fringes at the same incident angle of 3°, respectively. The rate of change of OPD with temperature is the magnitude of 10⁻⁶ cm/K, and the corresponding phase variations are within 0.09 fringes. The accuracy of phase modulation can be 0.614×10⁻² rad when LCoS of 10-bits is used. The novel model MSASII-LCoS shows its advantage for atmospheric wind measurement in the aspects of the overall structure, anti-vibration, operational flexibility and detection accuracy.