Complete band gaps of phononic crystal plates with square rods

Much of previous work has been devoted in studying complete band gaps for bulk phononic crystal (PC). In this paper, we theoretically investigate the existence and widths of these gaps for PC plates. We focus our attention on steel rods of square cross sectional area embedded in epoxy matrix. The equations for calculating the dispersion relation for square rods in a square or a triangular lattice have been derived. Our analysis is based on super cell plane wave expansion (SC-PWE) method. The influence of inclusions filling factor and plate thickness on the existence and width of the phononic band gaps has been discussed. Our calculations show that there is a certain filling factor (f = 0.55) below which arrangement of square rods in a triangular lattice is superior to the arrangement in a square lattice. A comparison between square and circular cross sectional rods reveals that the former has superior normalized gap width than the latter in case of a square lattice. This situation is switched in case of a triangular lattice. Moreover, a maximum normalized gap width of 0.7 can be achieved for PC plate of square rods embedded in a square lattice and having height 90% of the lattice constant.     

Absolute photonic band gaps in a two-dimensional photonic crystal with hollow anisotropic rods

The plane-wave expansion method is used to calculate photonic band gaps for two structures with hollow anisotropic tellurium (Te) rods. Both structures are found to have absolute band gaps at the low- and high-frequency regions. Compared with the photonic crystal with solid Te rods, the photonic crystal with hollow Te rods has a large absolute band gap at the high-frequency region: for the triangular lattice of oval hollow Te rods, there is an absolute band gap of 0.058w_e (w_e=2πc/a), and for the square lattice of square hollow Te rods, there is an absolute band gap of 0.056w_e.     

Polaritonic and photonic gap interactions in a two-dimensional photonic crystal

If an ionic material is used in a photonic crystal, the lattice resonance creates a polaritonic gap in the infrared range. The interaction between a polaritonic gap and the structure gap in a 2D square photonic crystal is studied by transfer matrix photonic band structure calculations. The polaritonic gap appears for a surprisingly low volume density of the ionic material. The TM gaps are larger than the TE gaps, as in the dielectric case. By varying the lattice constant, the structure gaps can be shifted across the polaritonic gap, and the effects of merging the two gaps can be studied.     

介质柱型二维Triangular格子光子晶体的禁带特性

采用平面波展开法数值计算了空气背景中由圆形、正六边形和正方形介质柱构造的二维三角晶格光子晶体禁带结构,并研究了介质方柱旋转角度、介质折射率和填充比对完全光子禁带宽度的影响.结果表明,在低频区,介质方柱旋转17°时,出现最大完全光子禁带,且最大禁带宽度随介质折射率的变化较为稳定.在高频区,介质方柱旋转30°时,完全光子禁带宽度最大;且介质材料折射率n=2.2时即出现完全光子禁带,n=2.6时,完全光子禁带达到最大.     

修正的频域有限差分法在二维金属光子晶体分析中的应用

与介质光子晶体相比,金属光子晶体的带隙特性在毫米波和亚毫米波波段有着重要的应用价值.基于Yee网格的频域有限差分法推导得出的本征模方程,求解后能方便而又可靠地得出介质光子晶体的带隙图和场分布.但由于金属与介质的本质差异,该方法不能直接应用于金属光子晶体.文中引入了金属表面边界条件,推导了二维金属周期结构的光子带隙本征模方程.通过数值计算,得出了不同晶格结构（正方/三角格子）下两种模式（TE/TM）的全禁带特性,并与介质周期结构的禁带特性进行对比,分析了金属周期结构在模式选择和器件集成方面的优点.     

液晶调制的光子晶体可控偏光片和光开关

与介质柱型光子晶体相比，空气孔光子晶体更易于制作和集成而更有应用价值.采用平面波展开法证实了填充液晶的二维三角形分布的空气孔光子晶体方向能隙的可调节性.数值模拟结果表明：1)通过外界电场控制空气孔中所填充的相列液晶的方向可以对光子晶体的方向能隙进行调节，这种可调节性可用于制作场敏偏光片.这与Liu等人研究介质柱型光子晶体的结论相类似；2)用phenylacetylene型液晶替代5CB液晶作为填充物质所得到的空气孔光子晶体偏光片可使用的频率范围显著增大.在此基础上，还研究了填充液晶的光子晶体波导传输谱线的可调节性对特定波长的光切断和开通控制的原理，实现了与以往光开关原理不同的光子晶体光开关. 关键词： 光子晶体 液晶 可调节性 平面波展开法 场敏偏光片     

修正的频域有限差分法在二维金属光子晶体分析中的应用

与介质光子晶体相比,金属光子晶体的带隙特性在毫米波和亚毫米波波段有着重要的应用价值.基于Yee网格的频域有限差分法推导得出的本征模方程,求解后能方便而又可靠地得出介质光子晶体的带隙图和场分布.但由于金属与介质的本质差异,该方法不能直接应用于金属光子晶体.文中引入了金属表面边界条件,推导了二维金属周期结构的光子带隙本征模方程.通过数值计算,得出了不同晶格结构（正方/三角格子）下两种模式（TE/TM）的全禁带特性,并与介质周期结构的禁带特性进行对比,分析了金属周期结构在模式选择和器件集成方面的优点. 关键词： 金属光子晶体 频域有限差分法 全禁带     

用转移矩阵法数值研究二维正方介质柱光子晶体的传输特性

利用转移矩阵方法对二维正方介质柱光子晶体的传输特性进行了研究,数值计算研究了不同晶格、同一晶格柱体截面面积不同、放置方位角不同时光子晶体的传输特性。数值结果表明光子禁带的宽度与中心频率和晶格结构有很大关系,正方晶格更易形成平坦光子禁带,柱体截面面积大,则形成的禁带较宽,在其他因素相同的条件下柱体放置的方位角对光子禁带有重要影响。数值研究表明在正方介质柱下设计宽平坦光子禁带时,可以首先考虑正方晶格结构,其次设法使柱体截面尽量大一些,最后可通过柱体放置方位角来微调光子禁带的宽度与中心频率以达到设计要求。     

大带隙二维三角格子光子晶体结构参数的优化设计

光子晶体结构设计优化是理论研究的一个重要内容.运用平面波展开法对圆柱、方柱及正六边柱构造的二维三角格子光子晶体的禁带进行仿真计算,讨论了介质材料分别为GaAs、Si和Ge情况下,柱子形状、旋转角度、填充比的变化对完全光子禁带的影响.发现:对于二维三角格子光子晶体,相对于介质柱,空气柱更易获得完全光子禁带;而相对于圆柱及...     

Enlargement of absolute photonic band gap in modified 2D anisotropic annular photonic crystals

We analyze the absolute photonic band gap in two dimensional (2D) square, triangular and honeycomb lattices composed of air holes or rings with different geometrical shapes and orientations in anisotropic tellurium background. Using the numerical plane wave expansion method, we engineer the absolute photonic band gap in modified lattices, achieved by addition of circular, elliptical, rectangular, square and hexagonal air hole or ring into the center of each lattice unit cell. We discuss the maximization of absolute photonic band gap width as a function of main and additional air hole or ring parameters with different shapes and orientation.     

二维三角柱光子晶体的传输特性

利用时域有限差分方法对二维三角介质柱光子晶体的传输特性进行了研究,计算了不同晶格、同一晶格柱体截面面积不同、放置方位角不同、入射波入射方向不同时光子晶体的传输特性。结果表明:光子禁带的宽度与中心频率和晶格结构有很大关系,三角晶格更易形成平坦光子禁带,柱体截面面积大,则形成的禁带较宽,在其他因素相同的条件下柱体放置的方位角在一定范围内对光子禁带有重要影响;对不同入射方向时光子晶体的传输特性的研究结果表明,在低频范围内,入射角对禁带宽度和中心频率没有任何影响,在高频段,透射率随入射角变大而降低。研究结果为实验上制作三角柱光子晶体器件提供了重要的理论依据。     

二维单斜点阵光子晶体的第一布里渊区及带隙计算

二维单斜点阵光子晶体在光学聚焦器件及光子晶体波导中有重要的应用价值，详细讨论了二维单斜点阵光子晶体的第一布里渊区及带隙计算，并与常规方法计算得出的二维正三角形晶格光子晶体的带隙结构进行了比较.最后讨论了临界条件下二维单斜点阵光子晶体的带隙结构，证明了本方法的有效性.     

A Novel Woodpile Three-Dimensional Terahertz Photonic Crystal

A novel woodpile lattice structure is proposed. Based on plane wave expansion （PWE） method, the complete photonic band gaps （PBGs） of the novel woodpile three~dimensional （3D） terahertz （THz） photonic crystal （PC） with a decreasing symmetry relative to a face-centred-tetragonal （fct） symmetry are optimized by varying some structural parameters and the highest band gap ratio can reach 27.61%. Compared to the traditional woodpile lattice, the novel woodpile lattice has a wider range of the filling ratios to gain high quality PBGs, which provides greater convenience for the manufacturing process. The novel woodpile 3D PC will be very promising for materials of THz Junctional components.     

Photonic band structures of two-dimensional photonic crystals with deformed lattices

Using the plane-wave expansion method, we have calculated and analysed the changes of photonic band structures arising from two kinds of deformed lattices, including the stretching and shrinking of lattices. The square lattice with square air holes and the triangular lattice with circular air holes are both studied. Calculated results show that the change of lattice size in some special ranges can enlarge the band gap, which depends strongly on the filling factor of air holes in photonic crystals; and besides, the asymmetric band edges will appear with the broken symmetry of lattices.     

Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Triangular Rods by Single-Exposure Holographic Lithography

We demonstrate a single-exposure holographic fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystal with round- cornered triangular ＇atoms＇ arranged in a triangular lattice. Simulation results show that double absolute photonic band gaps exist in this structure. Our experimental results show that holographic lithography can be used to fabricate photonic crystals not only with various lattice structures but also with various kinds of structures of the atoms, to obtain absolute band gaps or a particular band gap structure. Furthermore, the single-exposure holographic method not only makes the fabrication process simple and convenient but also makes the structures of the atoms more perfect.     

Band gap studies of 2D photonic crystals with hybrid scatterers

Two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) of a square lattice with dielectric hybrid rods in air are proposed; these PCs consist of a square rod at the center of the unit cell and additional circular rods with their outermost edges against the middle of each side of the lattice unit cell. The band gap structures of PCs can be tailored and optimized by rotating the square rods and adding circular rods to the lattice unit cell. The variation of bands near the complete photonic band gap boundaries, due to some specific modes, is sensitive to certain structural parameters of the system. The results can be understood by analyzing the spatial energy distribution of the electromagnetic fields. Based on such a field analysis, a novel interpretative model is proposed. The PC can be fabricated easily and operated in the microwave region and, hence, should be suitable for applications in new microwave devices.     

一种衍生于三角晶格的二维光子晶体

通过在二维三角晶格中引入三个完全相同的介质圆柱构成了一种全新结构的光子晶体,并对其光子能带进行了频域计算.借助数值方法分析了填充率对光子能带的影响,结果表明,在一定填充率下,这种二维光子晶体对于E偏振和H偏振都存在很宽的带隙,而且还可以获得一个窄完全带隙.     

六角形散射子光子晶体的界面态

研究采用平面波展开加超元胞方法计算了正方格子六角形空气散射子二维光子晶体镜面对称异质结的界面态.经过研究发现,这种异质结界面态可以通过相对于界面横向拉开或者纵向错开而产生,并且调节到绝对带隙中成为传导模.界面态的个数和变化规律在很大程度上依赖于光子晶体异质结构的几何和物理参量.通过对比我们发现：与圆柱形散射子相比,在六角形散射子异质结中更易于产生传导模,但是比四方柱形散射子的情况要困难.     

填充比和格点方向对二维三角晶格光子晶体带隙的影响

采用有限元法,计算了二维三角晶格椭圆形格点空气孔型光子晶体的TE、TM模式的带隙结构。通过对椭圆形空气孔格点的大小、方向进行改变,研究了填充比、格点方向对带隙的影响。计算结果表明,在空气孔型光子晶体中TE模式更容易形成带隙;不同填充比情况下,格点方向对TE模式和TM模的带隙变化都具有不同影响;不论格点方向如何变化,均未出现完全带隙。     

THz波段光子晶体带隙影响因素研究

应用平面波展开法和时域有限差分法分析计算了二维方形光子晶体在太赫兹波段的带隙特征,并着重研究了影响太赫兹波段二维方形光子晶体带隙的因素。通过改变光子晶体的介电常数和截面半径得出了光子晶体带隙随这两种因素的变化规律,进而研究了太赫兹波段损耗较小的塑料和高阻硅两种材料构成的光子晶体带隙及光子晶体波导的传输特性。