Synthesis,growth and characterization of a novel semiorganic nonlinear optical single crystal: l-Asparagine cadmium chloride monohydrate

The semiorganic single crystal of l-asparagine cadmium chloride monohydrate was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The presence of various functional groups has been identified by using FT IR spectral analysis ranging between 4000 and 400 cm^?1. Chemical composition of the synthesized material was confirmed by elemental analysis. The crystalline nature of new crystal was confirmed by powder XRD pattern. The UV–vis–NIR spectroscopic study revealed that the grown crystal has good optical transmittance. The dielectric constant has been carried out over a frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The mechanical strength was studied using Vicker's microhardness tester.     

Synthesis,growth and characterization of l-asparagine cadmium bromide: A novel semiorganic nonlinear optical single crystal

Single crystal of l-asparagine cadmium bromide (LACB), a semiorganic nonlinear optical material was grown by solution growth method at the room temperature. The grown crystals were characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis and it was found to be the structure of the crystal was belongs to orthorhombic system. The UV–vis–NIR spectroscopic study revealed that the crystal has good optical transparency and lower cut off wavelength was found to be 230 nm. The presence of functional group was identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The chemical composition was confirmed by elemental analysis. The mechanical strength was studied and found to be 100 g by using Vicker's micro hardness tester. The thermal stability was found to be 218 °C by using TGA and DTA analysis. The second harmonic generation efficiency was carried out by using Kurtz–Perry powder technique and it was found to be 3.4 times higher than KDP crystal.     

Synthesis,crystal growth and characterization of novel semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal: Dichloro(beta-alanine)cadmium(II)

Semiorganic nonlinear optical material of dichloro(beta-alanine)cadmium(II) (DCBAC) have been synthesized and single crystals were grown by solvent evaporation method at room temperature. The lattice parameters of the grown crystals are determined by single crystal XRD. The modes of vibration of different molecular groups present in the sample were identified by the FTIR spectral analysis. Thermal stability of the crystal was investigated using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The dielectric constants of the crystal were studied as a function of frequency and the results are discussed. The grown crystals are subjected to microhardness studies and the variation of the microhardness with the applied load is studied. The optical transmission spectra and second harmonic generation (SHG) were investigated to study its linear and nonlinear optical properties. The nonlinear optical (NLO) property of the crystal was confirmed by powder second harmonic generation (SHG) test. SHG efficiency is comparable to that of KDP.     

Synthesis, crystal growth and characterization of a chiral compound (triphenylphosphine oxide cadmium iodide): A new semiorganic nonlinear optical material

Synthesis of semiorganic material, triphenylphosphine oxide cadmium iodide (TPPOCdI), is reported for the first time. Employing the temperature reduction method, a crystal of size 16×7×6 mm³ was grown from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution. Three dimensional crystal structure of the grown crystal was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The complex crystallizes in the chiral orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁. FTIR study was carried out in order to confirm the presence of the functional groups. UV-vis-NIR spectral studies show that the crystal is transparent in the wavelength range of 290-1100 nm. The microhardness test was carried out, and the load hardness was measured. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses reveal the thermal stability of the crystal. Second harmonic generation efficiency of the powdered TPPOCdI, tested using Nd: YAG laser, is ∼0.65 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate.     

Synthesis, growth and characterization of novel semiorganic nonlinear optical potassium boro-succinate (KBS) single crystals

Single crystals of novel semiorganic material, potassium boro-succinate (KBS) have been grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The lattice parameters for the grown crystals were determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The presence of functional groups was estimated qualitatively by using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The optical absorption spectrum shows that the UV cut-off wavelength for the grown crystal is at 240 nm. The thermal stability of the KBS crystal was studied by using TG/DTA analysis. The dielectric constant and loss were studied as a function of frequency. Nonlinear optical properties (NLO) test was performed by using Kurtz powder technique.     

Synthesis, growth and characterization of l-valine cadmium chloride monohydrate—A novel semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal

Single crystals of l-valine cadmium chloride monohydrate (LVCC), a novel semiorganic nonlinear optical material were synthesized and grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation method at room temperature. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern and FT IR spectrum analysis confirmed the formation of the new crystal. LVCC has good optical transmission in the entire visible region, which is an essential requirement for a nonlinear crystal. The thermal studies reveal that the material has good thermal stability. The LVCC crystal was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The optical second harmonic generation conversion efficiency of LVCC was determined using Kurtz powder technique.     

Synthesis, crystal growth and characterization of a metal-organic nonlinear optical tri-allylthiourea mercury chloride single crystals

Metal-organic nonlinear optical material tri-allylthiourea mercury chloride single crystal was grown using low temperature solution growth method. The growth parameters such as pH and temperature were optimized for getting colorless single crystals. The X-ray rocking curve measurement shows that the grown crystal was free from internal structural grain boundaries. The structural, spectral, optical and thermal properties of the grown specimen were studied using various characterization techniques. The defects present in the grown crystals were studied with chemical etching analysis. The results show that the grown crystals are suitable candidates for nonlinear optical applications.     

Growth and characterization of l-histidine cadmium chloride monohydrate a semiorganic nonlinear optical crystals

l-histidine cadmium chloride monohydrate (LHCCM), a semiorganic nonlinear optical material was grown from aqueous solution by slow solvent evaporation method at room temperature. The LHCCM crystals were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The presence of functional groups was identified through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis confirms that the crystal is stable up to 277 °C. The dielectric constant was studied as a function of frequency for various temperatures. The mechanical properties of the grown crystals have been studied using Vickers microhardness tester. The second harmonic generation behavior of LHCCM crystal was tested by modified Kurtz–Perry powder technique.     

Synthesis,growth and characterization of an organometallic complex tri-allylthiourea cadmium bromide single crystals

Allylthiourea cadmium bromide (ATCB) is a promising organometallic second order nonlinear optical material. ATCB was synthesized in Millipore water and single crystals of ATCB were grown by isothermal solvent evaporation as well as by conventional temperature lowering methods. Crystal structure of the as grown ATCB was analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and also by powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Structural perfection of the as grown single crystal was studied through multicrystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The nature of co-ordination and the functional groups present were investigated by the Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The melting point of the crystal was studied through differential scanning calorimetric analysis. The optical absorption spectrum of the as grown crystal exhibits the lower cut-off (295 nm) with the wide transparent UV–VIS–NIR wave band. The SHG property was identified by Kurt’z powder technique. The linear refractive index of the as grown crystal was measured for different laser wavelengths. The reverse indentation size effect for the as grown crystal was confirmed from the mechanical studies. Growth mechanism and surface features of the as grown single crystals were analyzed by chemical etching analysis.     

Growth, thermal, optical and birefringence studies of semiorganic nonlinear optical thiosemicarbazide cadmium chloride monohydrate (TCCM) single crystals

A semiorganic nonlinear optical material (thiosemicarbazide cadmium chloride monohydrate) (TCCM) was synthesized and single crystals was grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation method at ambient temperature. Crystal of average size up to 5×4×3 mm³ were harvested and characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) technique to confirm the identity of the compound formed. The thermal stability was analyzed by TG/DTA. The birefringence values (Δ_n) were determined in the wavelength region 540-6500 Å. The second harmonic generation (SHG) from the materials was confirmed using Nd:YAG laser.     

Synthesis,growth and physicochemical properties of an organometallic nonlinear optical crystal: Mercury cadmium chloride thiocyanate

SCN⁻ ligand based organometallic non-linear optical mercury cadmium chloride thiocyanate (MCCTC) crystals are grown from water plus methanol mixed solvent by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals are confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. MCCTC exhibits a SHG efficiency which is nearly 17 times more than that of KDP. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity measurements of the sample have been carried out for different frequencies (100 Hz to 5 MHz) and, temperatures (308–388 K) and the results are discussed. Photoconductivity study confirms that the title compound possesses negative photoconducting nature. The surface morphology of MCCTC was also investigated.     

Synthesis,crystal growth and characterization of a semiorganic material: Calcium dibromide bis(glycine) tetrahydrate

Single crystals of semiorganic material calcium dibromide bis(glycine) tetrahydrate were grown from aqueous solution. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system, with a = 13.261(5) Å, b = 6.792(2) Å, c = 15.671(9) Å and β = 91.68(4)°. The presence of the elements in the title compound was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The solubility and metastable zone width were found. The grown crystals were tested by powder XRD, FTIR, Thermo Gravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis, UV–vis–NIR analysis, dielectrical and mechanical studies. The transmittance of calcium dibromide bis(glycine) tetrahydrate crystal has been used to calculate the refractive index n, the extinction coefficient K and both the real ɛ_r and imaginary ɛ_i components of the dielectric constant as functions of wavelength. The optical band gap of calcium dibromide bis(glycine) tetrahydrate is 3.23 eV.     

Synthesis and growth of sodium bitartrate monohydrate a new organometallic nonlinear optical single crystal

Sodium bitartrate monohydrate (SBTMH) a new organometallic nonlinear optical material, with molecular formula, [C₄H₅NaO₆ · H₂O] has been synthesized at ambient temperature. Spectral, thermal and optical techniques have been employed to characterize the new material. Bulk single crystals of size 13 × 4 × 4 mm³ of SBTMH have been grown by slow cooling method. The unit cell parameters of the grown crystal were determined by single crystal XRD. Functional groups present in the sample were identified by FTIR spectral analysis. Thermal stability of SBTMH was determined using TGA/DTA. The grown crystals exhibit nonlinear properties. The dielectric response of the crystal with varying frequencies was studied. The optical transparency range and the lower cut-off wavelength of the material were identified from the UV–vis–NIR absorption spectrum.     

Linear and nonlinear optical analysis on semiorganic-proline cadmium chloride single crystal

In the current investigation,L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate(LPCC) single crystal is grown by a slow solvent evaporation technique to identify its credibility for nonlinear optical device applications.The constituent elements of LPCC crystal are determined by the energy dispersive spectroscopic(EDS) technique.The single crystal x-ray diffraction technique is used to determine the structural dimensions of LPCC crystal.The UV-visible studies are carried out within a wavelength range of 200 nm–1100 nm to determine the optical transmittance of LPCC crystal.The linear optical parameters of LPCC crystal are evaluated using the transmittance data to discuss its importance for distinct optical devices.The Nd:YAG laser assisted Kurtz–Perry test is carried out to determine the enhancement in second harmonic generation efficiency of LPCC crystal with reference to KDP crystal.The Z-scan technique is employed to assess the third order nonlinear optical(TONLO) properties of LPCC crystal at 632.8 nm.The Z-scan data are utilized to evaluate the TONLO refraction,absorption and susceptibility of LPCC crystal.The color oriented luminescence behavior of LPCC crystal is investigated within a spectral range of 350 nm–700 nm.The dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss on temperature and frequency is evaluated through the dielectric measurement studies.     

Crystal growth and characterization of L-valine cadmium acetate a semiorganic NLO crystals

A new semiorganic nonlinear optical material, L-valine cadmium acetate, was grown successfully from aqueous solution by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals characterized by using Powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the structure of the grown title compound. The functional groups have been identified using FTIR spectral data. Transmittance compound was analyzed by using UV-vis spectrum. The thermal behavior of the grown crystal was determined with the aid of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dielectric constant was studied as a function of frequency for various temperatures. The grown crystal has positive photoconductivity nature. The fluorescence spectrum of the crystal was recorded and its optical band gap is about 3.4479 eV. Second order nonlinear optical property of the grown crystal has been confirmed by modified Kurtz–Perry powder second harmonic generation (SHG) test.     

Optical studies on glycine sodium nitrate: A semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal

A semiorganic non-linear optical single crystal of glycine sodium nitrate has been grown from aqueous solution by unidirectional crystal growth method. The phase of the grown crystal was identified using single crystal X-ray analysis. The functional groups present in the crystal were identified using FTIR analysis. Optical absorption studies have confirmed that the grown crystal possess less absorption in the entire visible region. A stable broad peak in the violet region was observed in the emission spectrum. Thermal stability and melting temperature of the as grown crystal was identified from TG-DTA analysis. The mechanical strength and the work hardening co-efficient were determined from Vicker's microhardness measurements for different loads. Dielectric behaviour of the grown crystal was studied and the results are discussed in detail.     

Synthesis,crystal growth,and characterization of piperazinediium bis (4-aminobenzoate) dihydrate - An efficient third-order nonlinear optical single crystal for opto-electronic applications

Organic compound of protonated Piperazinediium bis (4-aminobenzoate) dihydrate C₄H₁₂N₂²⁺2(C₇H₆NO₂⁻).2(H₂O) (PZ4AB) was synthesized and crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Powder X-ray diffraction and High resolution X-ray diffraction studies affirmed the crystalline perfection of the grown crystal. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis ascertained the frequencies of various functional groups present in PZ4AB crystal. Optical transmittance and optical band gap estimation explored the optical phenomena of PZ4AB crystal. The laser-induced surface damage threshold value of PZ4AB crystal was measured to be 1.0615 GW/cm² for the 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser radiation. From Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric studies, the stability of PZ4AB crystal was ascertained. The dielectric manner was endowed as a function of frequency and temperature. The mechanically soft nature of the crystal was assessed by Vickers hardness measurement which exhibited the reverse indentation size effect. The nonlinear refractive index, absorption coefficient and the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of crystal were divulged by Z-scan technique.     

Studies on the growth,structural, optical,thermal and electrical properties of nonlinear optical cadmium mercury thiocyanate glycol monomethyl ether single crystal

Single crystals of cadmium mercury thiocyanate glycol monomethyl ether (CMTG) were grown from a mixed solvent of glycol monomethyl ether (GME):water (1:1) by slow evaporation method. The crystal structure and morphology were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Presence of functional groups and the coordination of glycol monomethyl ether (GME) and thiocyanate (SCN⁻) in the CMTG compound were confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Optical transparency of the grown crystal was studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Thermal stability and decomposition process were studied by means of TGA and DTA analysis. Dielectric measurement on CMTG single crystal was carried out for various frequency and temperatures. The surface studies by scanning electron microscopy reveals the formation of layer growth pattern indicative of 2D nucleation mechanism. From the second harmonic output power measurement by Kurtz powder method, it is observed that CMTG is a potential material for nonlinear optical applications among the bimetallic thiocyanate adducts series.