Design and performance evaluation of a metro WDM storage area network with IP datagram support

Storage area networks (SANs) are becoming an important part of optical MANs (metropolitan area networks). Growing storage and business-continuity needs; high-bandwidth, low latency requirements for SANs; storage infrastructure consolidation; and post-9/11 regulatory issues are among the several driving factors to push this trend. We, in this paper, consider a metro wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) SAN that allows the transmission of variable packet size such as Internet protocol (IP) datagram and evaluate its performance by means of discrete-event simulation. The network is based on one fixed transmitter and multiple fixed receivers. Beginning with an introduction and the context of this work, we describe the network and node architectures; and introduce the medium access control (MAC) protocols. Subsequently, using the Poisson and self-similar traffic, we present and discuss performance of the proposed network architecture in terms of throughput and queuing delay under symmetric and asymmetric traffic scenarios. The simulation results suggested that the proposed architecture is suitable for SAN applications which demand low queuing delay and high throughput.     

Dynamically selective multiwavelength cross-connect based on fibre Bragg gratings and mechanical optical switches

A dynamically selective multiwavelength cross-connect for wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks based on fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) and optical switches is reported. Dynamically single- or multi-channel cross-connect functionality can be realized according to control of the optical switches and the FBGs' arrangement. Bit-error-rate performance with negligible power penalty is achieved in a 2.5Gbs-1x3 WDM channels over 100km conventional single-mode fibre (SMF) network demonstration. The characteristics of low channel crosstalk, uniform channel loss, high scalability and cascadability, and low cost of this device could provide more reconfiguration flexibility and network survivability for WDM networks.     

Robust wavelength division multiplexed local area networks

The wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network architectures, in general, are based on transmitters and/or receivers that can be precisely and speedily tuned to predetermined, fixed wavelengths. These requirements are not easy to meet in practice. Robust WDM, the subject of this paper, has been introduced as a technique to implement WDM in the local area. The strength of this novel approach is that it does not rely on wavelength-sensitive devices that are required to perform with extreme stability. This paper describes the basis of this approach and presents two types of medium access control (MAC) protocols that are suitable for Robust WDM local area networks (LANs). The performance of networks based on these protocols is discussed in detail. It is shown that the new approach has considerable promise for WDM networks in the local area.     

WDM光网络安全生存机制研究

针对WDM光网络安全生存性问题的故障的发现、定位和恢复三个重要环节之中的恢复问题,提出了一种WDM光层中的安全保护与恢复方案。采用了恢复路由选择算法和恢复波长分配算法,提出了一种混合的多层恢复机制,从而构建了一种从故障的发现、定位到故障恢复的覆盖各环节的连续性光网络安全生存机制,并在理论上进行了性能比较。     

WDM全光环形网中保护信道的监测方案

本文提出三种关于全光环形网络中保护信道故障的监测方法,即漏光法、额外业务监测法和"辅助波长"监测法,比较分析各自的性能后得出"升级的额外业务故障监测法"是适合任意网络规模且性能优良的一种监测方法.     

All-optical code routing in interconnected optical CDMA and WDM ring networks

We propose an all-optical hybrid network composed of optical code division multiple access (CDMA) rings interconnecting through a reconfigurable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) metro area ring. This network retains the advantages of both the optical CDMA and WDM techniques, including asynchronous access and differentiated quality of service, while removing the hard limit on the number of subscribers and increasing network flexibility. The all-optical network is enabled by using nonlinear optical loop mirrors in an add/drop router (ADR) that performs code conversion, dropping, and switching asynchronously. We experimentally demonstrate the functionalities of the ADR in the proposed scheme asynchronously and obtain error-free performance. The bit-error rate measurements show acceptable power penalties for different code routes.     

Optimal design of virtual topology reconfiguration in WDM optical networks

Virtual topology of WDM optical networks is often designed for some specific traffic matrix to get the best network performance. When traffic demand imposed on WDM optical networks changes, the network performance may degrade and even become unacceptable. So virtual topology need to be reconfigured. In previous works, virtual topology is reconfigured to achieve the best network performance, in which a large number of lightpaths need to be set up or torn down. In this paper, we try to get a tradeoff between the network performance and traffic disruption (or implementing cost). The problem of virtual topology reconfiguration for changing traffic patterns is formulated as an optimization problem and a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm is presented. Numerical results show that a large cost reduction of reconfiguration can be achieved at the expense of network performance.     

一种新型光分插复用器及其在WDM自愈环网中的应用

提出了一种新型的基于FBG和光环形器的双向光分插/复用器结构.它的结构简单,网络配置灵活,而且可实现单纤双向环网中功率放大.结合该OADM,首次给出了在单纤双向DNI环网实现保护的策略,指出此结构在各种WDM网络中实现单纤环网保护的可行性.     

Multicast protection algorithms based on aggregated logical topology in survivable multi-domain optical networks

Since the optical network carries a lot of traffic, the survivability is an important issue to ensure the service continuity. At the same time, with the network scale increasing, the optical network has been divided into multi-domains each of which is managed by a unique network provider. Therefore, the survivability in multi-domain optical networks has got more attention in recent years. However, current works mostly addressed the unicast survivability and few or no solved the multicast survivability in multi-domain optical networks. Therefore, in this paper we propose two heuristic algorithms called Multicast Multi-domain Dedicated Protection (MMDP) and Multicast Multi-domain Shared Protection (MMSP) to provide the survivability in multicast multi-domain optical networks. In MMDP and MMSP, to provide the intra-domain protection, we use the modified Minimal-cost Path Heuristic (MPH) algorithm to compute the intra-domain survivable multicast tree. To provide the inter-domain protection, based on multi-domain logical topology, we firstly use the MPH algorithm to compute the inter-domain logical multicast tree and then use the Dijkstra algorithm to compute the inter-domain logical backup sub-path for each inter-link on this logical multicast tree. Simulation results show that MMSP has better resource utilization efficiency and lower blocking probability.     

Penalty Evaluation Due to the Cascade and Frequency Misalignment of AWG-Based Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers in 10 Gb/s Metro Core Ring Networks

The performance evaluation of AWG-based OADMs due to filter cascade in 10 Gb/s WDM metro core networks is presented. The penalty for the through optical channels is investigated versus the laser wavelength drift and OADM temperature stabilization failure. Results are measured and extrapolated with simulation results to obtain the maximum allowable number of OADMs in the metro network.     

Penalty Evaluation Due to the Cascade and Frequency Misalignment of AWG-Based Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers in 10 Gb/s Metro Core Ring Networks

The performance evaluation of AWG-based OADMs due to filter cascade in 10 Gb/s WDM metro core networks is presented. The penalty for the through optical channels is investigated versus the laser wavelength drift and OADM temperature stabilization failure. Results are measured and extrapolated with simulation results to obtain the maximum allowable number of OADMs in the metro network.     

Proposal of Rip up & Re allocate Algorithm for Optical Layer 2 Switch Network

We are developing an optical layer-2s witch network that uses both wavelength-division multiplexing and time-division multiplexing technologies for efficient traffic aggregation in metro networks.For efficient traffic aggregation,path bandwidth control is key because it strongly affects bandwidth efficiency.For this paper,we propose a dynamic time-slot allocation method that uses periodic information of difference values of traffic variation.This method can derive near-optimal allocation with lower computational cost,which enlarges the maximum available network size compared with conventional time-slot allocation methods.Numerical results show that the proposed method enables dynamic path control in 1K-node-scale optical layer-2s witch network,which leads to cost-effective metro networks.     

基于蚁群优化的IP over WDM光网络动态生存性映射算法

随着光网络规模的不断扩大以及网络体系结构的扁平化过程加速,网络传输的可靠性和实时性以及生存性路面算法本身面临新的挑战.本文在单点割集的松弛生存性约束条件下,结合动态业务下的IP over WDM光网络的特点,借助蚁群优化算法的强鲁棒性和记忆能力,通过改变与调整蚁群优化算法结构中的信息素结构与其更新机制,在动态路由选择过程中,引入网络可生存性约束信息改进路由选择概率计算机制,来实现IP over WDM光网络动态生存性映射的路由策略.与其他同类算法相比,该算法不再存储网络备用路由集和物理拓扑自身庞大的割集关系,在保证网络生存性效果的前提下,通过割集松弛条件有效降低了计算的时间复杂度,提高算法收敛速度,适应网络实时性要求.仿真结果表明:与传统最短路算法比较,该算法能有效提高动态光网络的可生存性映射性能和网络的资源利用效率,并降低业务阻塞率.     

Survivable routing and spectrum allocation algorithm based on p-cycle protection in elastic optical networks

With the number of large capacity applications in core network increasing, the bandwidth requirement of optical connections in conventional Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks keeps enhancing, so that the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology is adopted to provide higher spectrum efficiency and flexibility in the future elastic optical networks. Meanwhile, survivability in the conventional WDM optical networks has been widely studied as an important issue to ensure the service continuity. However, survivability in OFDM-based elastic optical networks is more challenging than that in conventional WDM optical networks because each fiber usually carries even more connections. Therefore, it is necessary to study the new lightpath protection algorithm in elastic optical networks. Since p-cycle protection scheme has short restoration time and simple protection switching procedure, in this paper, we study the static Survivable p-Cycle Routing and Spectrum Allocation (SC-RSA) problem with providing an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation. Since RSA is a NP-hard problem, we propose a new heuristic algorithm called Elastic p-Cycle Protection (ECP) to tolerate the single-fiber link failure. For each demand, ECP scheme can compute highly-efficient p-cycles to provide protection for all of the on-cycle links and the straddling links. We also consider the load balancing and choose the proper working path for each demand. Simulation results show that the proposed ECP scheme achieves better performances than traditional single-line-rate survivable schemes.     

Capacity enhancement in packet switched slotted ring wavelength division multiplexed transport networks

In this paper, all-optical WDM networks based on a slotted multichannel ring topology have been investigated. The nodes are equipped with one fixed-wavelength receiver, wavelength-tunable transmitter and provide packet-mode transport in WDM network. The topology provides one logical channel to be associated with each destination node. Each channel is shared in statistical time division by all nodes transmitting to a given destination. The capacity enhancement has been demonstrated by comparing all optical WDM network by increasing the number of nodes. It is concluded that by increasing the number of nodes in the topology, the token queue length capacity, the token arrival rate are increased and the token arrival period is decreased which results in overall increase in the performance and capacity of the logical WDM network.     

Flexible Twin Open Ring Metro WDM Network

We have demonstrated a flexible twin open ring WDM network for metro applications. A pair of optical switches in the network keeps the fiber rings open to prevent signal circulation. Traffics are broadcast to every node and selected at the receiving side. Superior transmission and protection switching are proved.     

Analysis of linewidth and extinction ratio in directly modulated lasers for performance optimization in 10 Gbit/s CWDM systems

Direct Modulation Lasers (DMLs) have attracted increased attention during the past few years because of their intrinsic simplicity and cost-effectiveness, especially when applied to WDM metro and access networks. However, the output power waveform from a directly modulated laser is not an exact replica of the modulation current and its instantaneous optical frequency varies with time depending on the changes in optical power and the extinction ratio (ER) (an effect also known as frequency chirp). In this work, using an Optical Communication System Design Software, we have studied a directly modulated WDM 10 Gb/s system which transmission performance depends strongly on DML characteristics; simulation results have provided supplementary details about the effects of DML type (adiabatic or transient chirp dominated) as well as the effects of the optical output power. These details can provide useful design guidelines for constructing a WDM metro network.     

Blocking in wavelength-routed all-optical WDM network with wavelength conversion

The blocking probability in wavelength-routed all optical networks is very important measure of performance of the network, which can be affected by many factors such as network topology, traffic load, number of links, algorithms employed and whether wavelength conversion is available or not. In this paper, we have proposed a mathematical model to reduce the blocking probability of the WDM optical network for wavelength-convertible networks. The model can be used to evaluate the blocking performance of any network topology also it can be useful to improve its blocking performance of the given network topology. The blocking probability variation of the network for a particular load (per link) has been studied based on the load variation and total number of wavelengths used in the network. This model gives good results for high load (per link).     

分布式光网络中的波长和端口数目优化分析

研究了分布式Mesh光网络中动态业务疏导问题中的波长和端口优化问题,通过对分布式Mesh光网络中不同业务和网络拓扑情况下的网络结点波长和端口使用数目的仿真分析,得出网络中的合理波长和端口数目配置,为网络规划和设计提供依据.     

一种分布反射型大容量WDM星形单跳网

针对现有分布反射型WDM星形单跳网结构上存在的问题,本文提出了一种新的分布反射型WDM星形单跳网.这种WDM网络不仅抗毁性能好、可靠性高,而且网络容量大、组网灵活性强,可实现网络的在线扩容、升级,为未来大容量WDM局域网提供了一个理想的选择.文章首先论述了该分布反射型大容量WDM星形单跳网的结构,其次分析了网络中各个节点之间的通信,进而计算了网络所支持的最大节点数,最后对全文进行了总结.