Modeling of vertical external cavity semiconductor laser with MQW resonant structure

Numerical model is developed for modeling pulsed operation of a vertical external cavity semiconductor laser (VECSEL) with a resonant gain structure. Properties of optical modes for compound resonator formed by Bragg reflector, chip boundary and external spherical mirror were studied. For above threshold operation carrier density in each of quantum wells (QW) obeys non-linear diffusion equation with a source supplied by electron-hole pairs generated in barrier layers by pump radiation or fast electron beam. A new iteration procedure for round-trip operator evaluation was developed, which provides linear growth of computation time with the number of QWs. Results of numerical simulations are reported for a VECSEL comprising 25 QW in resonant configuration and the output spherical mirror with curvature radius 3 cm. Variation of distance to the external mirror is found to result in notable changes in power and optical quality of the output beam. The decisive role of gain and index non-linearity in these changes is identified. A range of values of distance to external mirror is found where iterative procedure does not converge. In another range, the resulting solution depends on the initial conditions for the iteration procedure.     

Improvement of the operation parameters for a Cr:LiSAF ultrashort-pulsed laser

The optimization of the pumping power that is focused on a gain medium inside an optical cavity is fundamental for increasing the efficiency of the power transferred inside a crystal, in this way increasing the output power of the laser. Nevertheless, in the case of pumping with a highly astigmatic laser diode, an undesirable form of the beam is focused on the cavity and the process to improve the cross section and sizes of the beam produce a notable reduction in the effective pump power ultimately focused in the crystal. The cavity design improvements for a Cr:LiSAF laser pumped with a 200 um × 1 um laser diode emission is presented for three different configurations, Z, V, and ring. The pump power is introduced in the cavity through a simple optical array, coupling more than 83% of the laser-diode power. The design requirements for the resonant cavity are reviewed in order to improve the coupling between the fundamental mode of the cavity and the cross-section form of the pumping beam. The stability limits of the cavities and Kerr sensitivity region are presented.     

高功率激光装置主放大系统结构表面粗糙对自激振荡的影响

对于采用离轴多程放大技术的高功率激光装置,抑制其自激振荡的技术具有重大研究价值。针对工程中发现的主放大系统小孔板附近结构表面比较光亮,当腔内放大器工作时,在增益足够条件下,光亮结构面和腔镜间形成谐振腔而产生自激振荡,烧蚀腔内器件的问题,基于蒙特卡洛方法模拟结构表面,依据几何光学原理推导了激光光束在结构表面反射模型,采用该模型代入工程中光路部分参数计算了主放大系统结构表面粗糙处理工艺和反射进入放大器内份额的关系,并将该表面处理工艺应用于工程中,通过增大结构表面粗糙度,使形成的谐振腔损耗大于增益,为抑制高功率激光装置主放大系统自激振荡提供了依据。     

氧碘化学激光中的增益光导效应

 发现和分析了氧碘化学激光中的增益光导效应。碘注入的不均匀等导致增益在该方向的不均匀。采用预混模型和Fabry Perot腔模型，推导了碘不均匀分布情况下的单重态氧的产额和激光束横向分布的解析表达式。计算结果表明，由于增益光导效应，引起激光横向分布的变化，可导致光束在碘注入方向的倾斜，以及输出功率的下降。     

具有腔内光放大的单共振光参量振荡器

推导了描述稳态运行，具有腔内光放大的环形腔单共振光参量振荡器(ICOASRO)的功率特性的高斯光束理论.在这种结构的单共振光参量振荡器(SRO)中，适当地选择光放大器的参数，可以很大程度地降低单共振光参量振荡器的抽运阈值.在平均场近似下无二阶非线性交叉耦合作用的具有腔内光放大的环形腔单共振光参量振荡器的工作范围分成四个工作区域，且存在最小的单共振光参量振荡器的抽运阈值.文中的分析考虑了作为光放大器的激光增益介质的端面抽运特性，考虑了一般化单共振光参量振荡器的特性. 关键词： 单共振光参量振荡器 光放大 阈值     

1.06 μm泵浦PPLT高重复频率人眼安全激光器

 利用1.06 μm光泵浦周期极化钽酸锂（PPLT）晶体获得1.54 μm激光。采用内腔式光参量振荡结构,利用V型腔优化谐振腔参数,分析了OPO晶体内光斑大小随激光工作物质热焦距的变化以及V型腔夹角对光束质量的影响。当泵浦电功率约为100 W时,获得高重复频率10 kHz、脉冲宽度125 ns、平均功率1.9 W的1.54 μm激光,电光转换效率约为1.9%。     

半导体激光器内自混合散斑干涉

在散斑和半导体激光器的自混合干涉理论的基础上,提出了基于法布里一珀罗腔的自混合散斑干涉模型,对粗糙表面产生的激光器内自混合散斑干涉效应(SMSI)进行了详细的理论研究和分析,得到了粗糙腔条件下的激光动力学的数值解。模拟产生了高斯相关随机表面及其在夫琅禾费面上产生的散斑场,以及该散斑场与相干光场叠加所形成的光场,分析了这些情况中光强的统计特征,与已知实验情况进行了对比,模拟结果与已知统计结果相同。给出了粗糙表面运动时激光器输出增益的变化及其概率密度分布。对由于照明宽度和外腔长度的变化而给粗糙表面运动时激光器输出增益变化带来的影响进行了分析。实验结果和模拟结果相符。     

Distortion of optical feedback signals in microchip Nd:YAG lasers subjected to external multi-beam interference feedback

This paper proposes a theoretical analysis for the characteristics of an external cavity Nd:YAG laser with feedback of multiple-beam interference, which is induced by the multi-reentrance of the light from the external Fabry--Perot cavity. The theoretical model considers the multiple beam interference of the external Fabry--Perot cavity. It is found that the optical feedback signals are distorted to pulse waveforms instead of the sinusoidal ones in conventional feedback. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. The obtained theoretical and experimental results can advance the development of a laser feedback interferometer.     

利用频谱组束获取双光谱光源的实验研究

 针对激光多光谱探测对多色激光光源的需求,提出利用外腔频谱组束技术获取多光谱激光探测光源的方法。报道了外腔2个大模面积双包层Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器频谱组束的实验结果,获得了一种3dB线宽分别为29.3nm和11.52nm的可调谐双光谱激光探测光源。实验结果和理论分析表明：外腔频谱组束技术是一种获得多光谱激光光源的可行方法。     

Ti:S激光器外腔选频产生820 nm带激光研究

首次报道了用Ti：S激光器及Tm-Ho共掺石英光纤等构成复合腔，通过外腔选频产生波长为820nm波段高性能单模激光的实验研究，复合腔Ti：S激光器的光-光转换效率达15．7％，斜率效率可达17．3％。研究了输出激光功率、输出光谱随泵浦功率、激活光纤长度的变化关系，并对相应结果进行了分析。     

Controlling the intensity and fluctuations of light upon its selective reflection

Selective reflection of a semiconductor laser beam by a resonant gas is studied. The experiments were performed under conditions where the laser frequency is determined by the laser cavity mode structure. In this case, characteristic steps—intensity quasi-levels—arise on the reflectivity resonances. It is shown that the height of the quasi-levels depends on the degree of saturation of the resonance reflection by the laser field. Low-noise reflectivity regimes with different sensitivities to external signals are found on these quasi-levels.     

Study on symmetry of output beam of corner-pumped solid-state fundamental-mode laser

Aimed at solving the problem of the asymmetry of the output beam of corner-pumped solid-state fundamental-mode lasers, a simple resonant cavity design is presented. Using this method, no optical element needs to be inserted into the cavity. The symmetry of the output beam can be improved effectively by changing cavity parameters. The validity of this method is demonstrated by a corner-pumped Nd:YAG/YAG composite slab Q-switched fundamental-mode laser. The asymmetry of the output beam can be corrected effectively by adjusting the short arm length of the linear cavity and a symmetric output beam is obtained. The resonant cavity design method is simple and practical, which also applies to other lasers with the asymmetric output beam resulting from asymmetric cooling or asymmetric pumping.     

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF BESSEL BEAM CAVITY FOR FREE-ELECTRON LASER

The conventional cavity for a free-electron laser (FEL) oscillator usually forms an optical beam of Gaussian mode, which undergoes transverse spread along the interaction region. The transverse divergence of an optical beam will induce reduction of the FEL gain from three aspects: degenerating filling factor, causing diffraction loss and limiting the effective interaction distance. Bessel optical beam has been experimentally demonstrated diffraction-free characteristics in its propagation, which provides a possibility of improvement of FEL gain. In this paper, we present a conceptual design of a Bessel beam cavity for the free-electron laser oscillator. This cavity generates nondiffracting optical beam in the wiggler, resulting in improving the filling factor, decreasing the diffraction loss and elongating the effective interaction distance.     

Flexible laser diode trace gas sensor based on cavity ringdown spectroscopy with an optical fiber-coupled high-finesse external-cavity diode laser

A flexible and portable trace nitrogen dioxide sensor based on cavity ringdown spectroscopy using an optical fiber-coupled high-finesse cavity was successfully demonstrated. Tailoring the spatial mode matching condition of the core of an optical fiber and high-finesse external cavity allows for effective optical feedback into an antireflection-coated laser diode for stable resonant enhancement of the external cavity. The external cavity, which works as a ringdown cavity, could be remotely located from the light source and receiver section by only a single mode optical fiber. The sensitivity was found to be 1.0×10⁻⁷ cm⁻¹ in a compact 1-cm³ ringdown cavity volume.     

用于种子注入的微型二极管泵浦激光器

设计了一种用于种子注入的微型二极管泵浦激光器,并从LD泵浦固体激光器优化设计原则出发,对种子激光器的增益介质、耦合系统、谐振腔进行了优化设计.实验研究表明,该激光器运转稳定,输出光束质量高,光束发散角小,输出功率可达80 mW,可满足种子激光的要求.     

Lock-in stabilised externak cavity cw spin-flip Raman laser

A lock-in stabilised cw external-cavity spin-flip Raman laser has been operated in which a cavity mode resonant frequency is servo-controlled to the peak of the spontaneous gain as the magnetic field is swept. The design of the optical system eliminated additional undesired cavity interactions.     

抽运光对激光束空间分布影响程度的估算方法研究

为便于评价两种光场空间分布之间的偏离程度，引入一个数学参数δ进行研究。将该参数应用到谐振腔内分析了抽运光空间分布对基模振荡光光束质量的影响。这种影响主要表现为：若抽运光在激光介质中引起非均匀的增益分布，基模振荡光将偏离高斯分布。利用δ参数对这种影响的程度进行了定量估算。定量研究表明：δ参数可以直观地反映泵浦光分布对激光器光束质量的影响程度，而且在激光器的设计中δ参数的大小可衡量泵浦光分布的优劣。对于端面泵浦二极管泵浦固体激光器（DPL），稳恒运转下最理想的抽运光分布形式是高斯型抽运光，其半径等于谐振腔的基模高斯振荡光半径。     

Analysis of gain distribution in cladding-pumped thulium-doped fiber laser and optical feedback inhibition problem in fiber-bulk laser system

The steady-state gain distribution in cladding pumped thulium-doped fiber laser(TDFL) is analytically and numerically solved based on the rate equations including loss coefficients and cross relaxation effect. With the gain curve, a problem, which is named optical feedback inhibition(OFI) and always occurs in tandem TDFL-Ho:YAG laser system, is analyzed quantitatively. The actual characteristics of output spectra and power basically prove the conclusion of theoretical analysis. Then a simple mirror-deflected L-shaped cavity is employed to restrain the external feedback and simplify the structure of fiber-bulk Ho:YAG laser. Finally, 25 W of 2097-nm laser power and 51.2% of optical-to-optical conversion efficiency are obtained, and the beam quality factor is less than 1.43 obtained by knife-edge method.     

高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器的设计及实验研究

高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器在激光加工、激光测量等领域具有广泛的用途.为了实现激光器腔内光斑聚焦同时减少色散和体积,人们常常将曲面反射镜用在激光谐振腔中,但光束倾斜入射到曲面反射镜往往会引起像散,从而导致光斑质量恶化,并降低激光器的性能.另一方面,在高功率激光器或超短脉冲激光器中,激光增益介质热透镜焦距的起伏,是导致激光输出功率波动的主要原因之一.针对激光器的像散和功率波动这两个问题,本文提出了一套简单高效的解决方案,在考虑像散补偿和热透镜效应的基础上,基于传播变换圆理论,首次提出一种可实现高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器谐振腔的设计方法,并对采用该方法所设计出的超短脉冲激光器进行理论与实验研究.研究结果表明,利用该方法设计的激光谐振腔,两端臂像散能够完全被补偿,实验上实现了基模高斯光束输出;当激光晶体热透镜焦距改变时,该方法所设计出的激光谐振腔内各关键位置光斑半径的变化,显著地小于普通谐振腔,在相同外界条件下,其输出激光功率稳定性明显优于普通激光器.     

种子注入的短脉冲激光器特性研究

 从LD泵浦固体激光器优化设计原则出发，设计了一种微型二极管泵浦激光器，并对种子激光器的结构和参数进行了优化。该激光器运转稳定，输出光束质量高，光束发散角小，光-光转化效率为17-4%，斜率效率可达24%，输出功率可达80mW。将此种子激光注入到调Q激光器中，改善了调Q激光器的输出特性，使得激光脉冲的建立时间缩短了40ns，输出的横模场分布得到了明显改善。