基于共心球透镜的多尺度广域高分辨率计算成像系统设计

针对实时广域高分辨率成像需求,充分利用具有对称结构的多层共心球透镜视场大且各轴外视场成像效果一致性好的特点,设计基于共心球透镜的多尺度广域高分辨率计算成像系统.该系统基于计算成像原理,通过构建像差优化函数获得光学系统设计参数,结合球形分布的次级相机阵列进行全局性优化,提高系统性能的同时有效简化光学设计过程、降低系统设计难度.系统稳定性测试结果表明,该成像系统的MTF(modulation transmission function)值在截止频率处接近衍射极限,弥散斑均方根恒小于探测器像元尺寸,整机实景实时成像效果良好,无视觉可见畸变.该系统不仅有效解决了传统成像中广域和高分辨率成像矛盾的问题,而且为计算光学成像系统设计奠定了一定研究基础.     

基于同心球透镜的四镜头探测器阵列拼接成像系统

为了同时实现成像系统的大视场、长焦距和高分辨率,设计了基于同心球透镜的四镜头探测器阵列拼接成像系统.首先,阐述了四镜头探测器阵列拼接方案的原理;介绍了同心球透镜的结构特点,阐述了其成像优点.然后,完成了满足实际拼接应用的同心球广角、长焦成像系统(拼接子系统)的光学设计.最后,给出了拼接子系统的像质评价并对其进行公差分析.结果表明:拼接后的系统可实现100 mm焦距和120°视场成像.该系统解决了大视场和长焦距之间的矛盾,可实现超高像素成像,相对于传统光电成像系统具有巨大的优势.     

Lens Design: An Attempt to Use ‘Escape Function’ as a Tool in Global Optimization

In designing lenses with the damped least squares method, the solution obtained by optimization routine is a local minimum of the merit function. To get out of this and seek a different solution, we propose to use an ‘escape function’ as an additional operand of the lens system, to be controlled. Experiments were made on simple models of merit function and the advantage of this technique was ascertained. We also planted this algorithm into OSLO SIX (lens design software by Sinclair Optics) by means of CCL (C-compatible language) and applied it to actual lens design. Experiments convinced us that the method would be an effective tool for global optimization.     

鱼眼镜头光学系统的非球面优化设计

应用非球面提高光学系统成像质量是镜头设计的常用手段。基于平面对称光学系统的波像差理论,通过分析鱼眼镜头各光学面的波像差贡献,将波像差贡献突出的光学面作为应用非球面的待选对象,结合波像差随非球面系数的变化趋势,确定应用非球面的光学面;应用优化算法和基于光线点列图分布定义的评价函数优化鱼眼镜头系统。通过对一个鱼眼镜头实例进行非球面优化,其点列图范围从全球面优化设计时的200 μm下降到100 μm,其评价函数值下降1个数量级,证明该方法能明显提高镜头的成像质量,对如何有效应用非球面优化鱼眼镜头的光学系统具有借鉴意义。     

宽覆盖高分辨率机载相机光学系统设计

针对机载相机广域高效航拍作业需求,采用新型级联光学成像结构,设计了一种宽覆盖高分辨率机载相机光学系统.该系统由对称前置同心物镜和中继转像透镜阵列组成,对称前置同心物镜获取剩余像差均匀的宽视场曲面像,中继转像透镜阵列对该曲面像进行视场细分、剩余像差校正及中继成像.所设计的机载相机光学系统焦距为60 mm、F数为3.4、视...     

Electromagnetic optimization of multilevel diffractive elements by use of the wavelet transform

We present an optimization algorithm for the design of multilevel diffractive optical elements in the electromagnetic domain. The method uses the wavelet transform to parameterize the diffractive optical elements according to a set of coefficients that corresponds to a multiresolution basis. Both local and global optimizations can be performed within a single algorithm. A design example consisting of the optimization of a two-dimensional millimeter-wave diffractive lens over a 10% bandwidth is presented.     

Mutated and converged damping factors in lens system optimization to find new local minima

In this paper, we proposed a strategy to find new local minima based on mutated damping factors and converged damping factor (conventional damping factor). In this proposed strategy, the converged damping factor is used to make the algorithm converge to a certain local minimum, and the mutated damping factors are used to make the trapped solution jump out of present convergence area. We study the behavior of the two kinds of factors in lens system optimization. The proposed strategy is successfully applied in lens system optimization. The result shows that the proposed strategy is reliable to make a further improvement especially when the solution is approaching target design.     

Chromatic aberration elimination for digital rear projection television L-type lens by genetic algorithms

Following the development of a digitalized image optics system, chromatic aberration has become increasingly important especially in lateral color aberration. For rear projection television L-type lens, chromatic aberration plays the significant role because it is easily seen when facing bright screen. Basically, the elimination of axial chromatic and lateral color aberration for an optical lens depends on the choice of optical glass. DLS (damped least squares), a Ray-tracing-based method, is limited, owing to its inability to identify an enhanced optical system configuration. Genetic algorithms were applied to so-called global optimization but unfortunately so far the results show little success. Additionally, L-type optics with aspherical surface might complicate optimization due to being nonlinear response during optimization. As an alternative, this research proposes a new feasible chromatic aberration optimization process by using algorithms involving theories of geometric optics in a lens, real encoding, multiple dynamic crossover and random gene mutation techniques. In this research, rear projection television lens with aspherical surface and L-type lens are mainly discussed. Results and conclusions show that attempts to eliminate difficult axial and lateral color aberration are successful.     

用于图像拼接的电视摄像光学系统

采用图像拼接的方法获得了大视场、高角分辨率的电视摄像。用单心球透镜将无穷远目标成一以球透镜球心为圆心的球面像,用围绕球透镜的中继物镜阵列中的每一个中继物镜,按各自对应的球面上的一部分,成像在面阵CCD像面上,最后经电视图像处理技术将这些图像合拼成一幅图像。本文还给出了一个中继物镜阵列最多可由20×20个中继物镜组成的设计结果,焦距为457.9 mm,视场为 120°×104.8°,像素达到85亿、角分辨率为8"。用3个这样的系统,还可以实现360°全景式高分辨率摄像。这是一个在军事侦查、机场安全监视、空中和地面预警、航天摄影以及体育报道等方面具有广泛应用前景的新型电视摄像技术。     

基因算法在光学系统优化中的应用

将基因算法植物于光学系统的优化中，构造了相应的数学模型，并编程实现了算法，实验证明基因算法可以克服以往优化算法不能自动增减光学面（元件）的缺点，从而提高了光学系统设计的智能化程度。     

高精度半导体激光打标机F-θ镜头设计

为保证半导体激光打标机F-θ镜头的扫描质量,实现系统像高与扫描角的线性变化,需对F-θ镜头给予一定的畸变量,并使其满足等晕条件。分析F-θ镜头工作原理及像差要求,根据1 064 nm半导体激光打标机的光源成像要求选择合适的玻璃材料,合理分配每片透镜的光焦度,以保证等晕成像;根据F-θ镜头线性成像要求,计算系统总畸变量为1.6%,系统总畸变量为系统的实际桶形畸变与相对畸变量之和;在光学系统优化设计时,引入这两项优化参数,优化过程中观察系统成像变化情况。设计结果表明:系统MTF曲线接近衍射极限,F-θ镜头相对畸变小于0.36%,各视场均方根半径均小于艾里斑直径,并且整个系统70%的能量集中在直径为16 μm的圆内,系统总畸变量为1.58%,满足设计指标要求。     

用高斯光学和三级像差理论求变焦距物镜的初始解

ZEMAX和CODE V等光学设计软件,虽然有很强的优化功能,但如果想得到好的设计结果,初始解的选择至关重要。求初始解的普遍做法是,将已有的光学系统或其中某一个组元拿来进行缩放。这种办法带有盲目性。另一种方法就是利用高斯光学和三级像差理论求变焦距物镜的初始解。这一方法有助于创新设计,但却很少被应用。本文介绍了作者在运用这一方法过程中产生的观点、理念、经验和成果。本文通过一个十倍变焦距物镜设计实例,详细介绍了求初始解的过程,为了验证该初始解的效果,还用ZEMAX进行了像差优化。为了增加说服力,设计过程的每一步,都给出了具体的数据,包括经ZEMAX优化得到的最后结果。     

Lens Design: Global Optimization with Escape Function

The technique of using the ‘escape function’ for global optimization in lens design is described. This includes how to identify two solutions as independent; the threshold value for this criterion can be chosen to determine how to explore local solutions—rough or fine. Choice of appropriate values for two parameters in the escape function is most important, since this will affect the efficiency of the automatic global optimization process. There are two problems, i.e. giving default values at the beginning of the design, and determining a default rule to change them when the escape is unsuccessful. The latter was solved by assuming a ‘saddle path’ as the best route to escape. An exact solution for the former was not found, but a hint for finding a second best solution is shown based on the statistical study of local minima.     

基于Buchadhl象差系数和解析偏导数的光学优化设计

本文以基于 Buchadhl 象差系数得到的点列图为目标函数,只需追迹少许光线就可得到近似点列图,大大减少了计算量;同时采用了目标函数对结构参数偏导数解析求导原理并应用于光学自动设计,这样得到的解析偏导数不仅不存在原理误差,同时极大地减少了求得所需的时间;最后给出了使用 DFP-BFGS 优化方法设计一个双高斯物镜的实例.     

二组元变焦距系统辅助设计的软件研究

虽然常用的光学设计软件能够对具有良好的初始解的变焦距系统进行光路的优化计算,但它们对初始系统本身的构建和设计缺乏足够的支持能力。论述了一种二组元变焦距初始系统辅助光学设计软件的设计思路。该程序大大简化了设计人员选择和验证初始系统的计算过程,通过与常用光学设计软件(Zemax和SOD88)的交叉配合,可充分利用它来校正像差和优化系统的性能,能很快地完成变焦距初始系统的构建和评价。实践证明:该软件能够大大加快变焦距系统的设计进程。     

Minimum tangential error ophthalmic lens design without multi-parametric optimization

Conventional ophthalmic lens design is based on minimizing a merit function with the help of optimization algorithms. As an alternative to this design strategy, I present a novel procedure for ophthalmic lens design, which main feature is that geometrical properties of the lens surface – specifically sag, surface normals, and surface curvatures – are constructed point-by-point. To show the potentials of the procedure, I present some design examples of positive and negative lenses where the tangential power error is virtually eliminated for all gaze directions (up to 40°).     

基于SelPSO算法的紧凑型照明器件优化方法

提出一种基于自然选择的粒子群算法(SelPSO)的扩展光源匀透镜设计方法。该方法通过DDE技术,将TracePro的光线追迹功能与Matlab的信息处理功能有机结合,建立以点光源透镜轮廓为对象的优化模型,进而利用加入平滑度约束的SelPSO算法对模型进行全局优化。以h/d=2.5∶1的紧凑型匀光透镜为例,结果表明:SelPSO算法与PSO算法在相同参数下进行优化,SelPSO算法具有更强且更快的全局收敛能力,优化后透镜表面光滑易加工,且均匀度、光效分别达到87.566%、89.536%;对透镜安装公差进行分析后,将横向、纵向位移误差分别控制在[0 mm,2 mm]内,对照明效果产生的影响较小;此方法还具有较强普适性,可针对不同照明范围的照明系统进行优化,且整体照明效果良好。     

基于自由曲面反射镜的低投射比超短焦投影物镜的光学设计

为了设计低投射比的超短焦投影物镜,本文采用自由曲面和折反式的光路结构设计了一种具有低投射比的超短焦投影物镜系统。该物镜由一个旋转对称的折射透镜组和一个自由曲面反射镜组成。采用11.938 mm的数字微镜器件(DMD)作为空间光调制器产生图像源。采用法线加权迭代优化的方法计算自由曲面。最后,分析了系统的性能。仿真结果表明:超短焦投影物镜可在580 mm的投影距离处实现3048 mm尺寸的大屏幕投影,系统的投射比低至0.19,系统的最大畸变小于0.72%。能够满足低投射比超短焦投影物镜的设计要求。该投影系统具有低投射比、低畸变、投影效果好等优点,可为超短焦投影系统的进一步发展提供有益参考。     

飞行模拟器目标显示变焦距系统设计

介绍了飞行模拟器的原理及方案。讨论了飞行模拟器中目标显示变焦距成像系统的光学设计方案。探讨了垂轴放大率时的变焦距系统的特性 ,在垂轴放大率时变倍组和补偿组的共轭距均处于极值 ,在此处补偿组进行平滑换根 ,使补偿组位移曲线的上半段与下半段平滑相连 ,可以让补偿组也为整个系统变倍作出贡献 ,使得凸轮导程缩短 ,达到减小系统外形尺寸的目的。利用阻尼最小二乘法拟合出整个变焦过程中系统最佳像面的位置曲线 ,并按此设计凸轮曲线 ,即可保证系统在整个变焦过程中成像质量均处于最佳状态。成功地将上述思路应用于飞行模拟器变焦距成像系统中 ,取得了很好的效果