Analysis of complex axis control loop in satellite laser communications

Satellite laser communication involves communications between GEO satellites and LEO satellites. The optical link can be built by the accurate pointing and tracking, which often employs the combination effect of coarse pointing assembly and fine pointing assembly. In order to achieve this goal with double rotated wedged-plate lenses and fast steering mirror that perform the scanning function of the coarse pointing assembly and the fine pointing assembly, mathematic model of transfer function of control loop is obtained by analyzing the total control loop for such complex axis. One can also get the optimized programs between coarse and fine pointing assembly.     

空间旋转多光轴平行性校准技术

空间旋转多光轴系统光轴平行性影响系统指向精度且校准难度高、耗时。基于空间旋转多光轴系统光轴校准原理,获得了校准理论模型;结合实验研究,建立了高精度光轴校准方案;以机械回转轴为基准,粗调准和精调准结合,以调整传感器安装面为粗调,借助双光楔实现光学量级的精校准;先校正可见光光轴与机械回转轴的平行性,再保证激光光轴与机械回转轴的平行性,最终保证可见光光轴与激光光轴的平行性。试验结果表明,该校准方案精度高,指标优于0.1 mrad,可用于实际工程装调。     

自由空间光通信APT系统仿真

高精度、宽带宽的激光捕获、对准和跟踪(APT)技术是自由空间激光通信的关键技术。简要的分析了APT系统的工作原理,建立了仿真的数学模型,利用Simulink语言,实现了卫星激光通信中APT过程的动态仿真,在此基础上设计了星际激光通信复合轴APT综合模拟实验系统。由该系统得出的有效抑制带宽为200～300Hz,经过粗、精两环抑制后的振动残差为1.2μrad,通过实验获得的数据与理论分析一致。仿真结果为系统的设计以及系统的可靠性提供了保证,为进一步发展空间激光通信技术提供了理论依据。     

空间激光通信系统动态跟瞄参数测试方法研究

跟瞄精度是空间激光通信系统捕获、跟踪和瞄准(acquisition,tracking and pointing, ATP)分系统的重要指标参数之一,其准确测量是评估空间激光通信系统远距离通信性能的关键。介绍了空间激光通信系统ATP分系统跟瞄精度的测试方法,设计了一种基于平行光管法的空间激光通信系统动态瞄参数测量装置,分析和讨论了影响动态跟瞄精度测量不确定度的因素。试验表明,该测量装置在100 Hz振动频率条件下,ATP分系统稳定精度测量不确定度达到1.9 μrad(k=2),可用于空间激光通信系统ATP分系统跟瞄参数检测以及远距离激光通信性能评估。     

二极管激光器垂直阵列光束精密准直

 为实现二极管激光器垂直阵列输出光束具有小发散角、高指向精度的特点,简述了快轴准直（FAC）微透镜的光束准直原理,分析了调节装置的精度要求及透镜选择等问题。通过光学成像方法实时监测二极管激光bar条的近场像和远场像,对FAC透镜分别进行粗调节和细调节,获得了20个bar条连续输出2 kW,垂直阵列二极管激光快轴准直光束远场发散角4.4 mrad,bar条间准直光束指向精度不大于±1.7 mrad的准直效果,并对监测精度进行了简要分析。对影响光束准直效果的因素进行了分析,指出了工艺优化的重点。     

线加速度计辅助高精度稳定跟踪

 介绍了在运动基座条件下捕获、跟踪和瞄准系统的复合轴惯性视轴稳定方案及实验室演示验证实验。使用动力调谐速率陀螺测量惯性角速率稳定转台，实现大动态范围的粗稳定，使用线加速度计测量惯性姿态角稳定视轴基准，实现小动态范围的精稳定。使用视轴基准稳定误差与视轴基准平台相对其基座的转角合成粗稳定位置误差的方式，实现粗稳定和精稳定的级联。实验结果表明，复合轴稳定方案可以实现(″)级稳定精度。     

Dispersive white light combined with a frequency-modulated continuous-wave interferometer for high-resolution absolute measurements of distance

A nonincremental interferometer for the absolute measurement of distances is presented. The measuring technique is based on both dispersive white-light (DWL) interferometry and frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interferometry. The proposed configuration integrates both techniques in the same interferometer by use of a single laser diode. This solution enables the results from the coarse measurements from the FMCW interferometer to be combined with the fine readouts from the DWL interferometer. Preliminary experimental results confirm the capability of the system to combine the advantages of the two techniques.     

“LPP-EUV”光源中的高功率CO_2激光监测与控制系统

为了满足激光诱导等离子体（LPP）体制下极紫外（EUV）光源对CO2激光器提出的稳定性需求,建立了简化的CO2激光传输系统模型,根据光束稳定性需求对光束功率、指向和位置的监测与控制方法进行了理论和实验研究。根据高功率CO2激光传输系统特点,在实验室内建立了上述光束监测和控制实验系统,包括光束功率控制模块、光束指向控制模块和光束参数监测模块,其中光束参数监测模块可实时测量光束功率、指向、尺寸及发散角等重要参数。仿真与实验结果表明：光束功率控制模块对线偏振激光功率的控制接近1%～100%,光束指向控制模块实现的光束指向稳定度在10μrad以内,可满足CO2激光驱动源的高稳定性要求。     

机载光通信复合轴光路优化设计和跟瞄技术研究

根据机载激光通信的环境和链路距离,采用光电粗精复合轴结构,提出一种双探测器、双光轴机载激光通信复合轴捕获跟踪瞄准系统方案.对整个系统的光路结构进行了分析和优化设计,使粗跟踪精度达120μrad,精跟踪系统带宽大于300Hz,执行动态范围达5mrad,跟踪精度达3μrad,并成功实现通信距离17.5km、通信速率1.5Gbps,误码率达1E-7的飞机对地面激光通信实验.     

多晶硅片反应离子刻蚀制绒后扩散工艺的匹配性

根据机载激光通信的环境和链路距离,采用光电粗精复合轴结构,提出一种双探测器、双光轴机载激光通信复合轴捕获跟踪瞄准系统方案.对整个系统的光路结构进行了分析和优化设计,使粗跟踪精度达120 μrad,精跟踪系统带宽大于300 Hz,执行动态范围达5 mrad,跟踪精度达3 μrad,并成功实现通信距离17.5 km、通信速率1.5 Gbps,误码率达1E-7的飞机对地面激光通信实验.     

Multiscale multimodal imaging with multiphoton microscopy and optical coherence tomography

A multiscale multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) system has been developed using a sub-10 fs Ti:sapphire laser. The system performs cross-sectional OCT imaging over millimeter field-of-view and en-face high-resolution MPM imaging with submicrometer resolution from the same sample location. With fish cornea, we have demonstrated cross-sectional imaging of cornea tissue layers using OCT, and the zoom-in imaging of cells and collagen fibers in each layer using MPM. The multiscale MPM/OCT system shows the potential of a rapid coarse scan to search for abnormal regions and the subsequent fine zoom-in imaging for diagnosis.     

基于“猫眼效应”的超视距视轴对准可行性分析

 根据光电探测器的“猫眼效应”,针对成像光学系统的视轴,从理论上分析了利用激光对超视距系统进行视轴对准的可行性,特别分析了激光器输出功率参数、接收探测器焦平面是否离焦等关键参数。研究结果表明,基于“猫眼效应”的超视距系统进行视轴对准在理论上和实验设计上是可行的。     

Broadband and rapid tuning of an all-solid-state single-frequency Nd:YVO4 laser

A diode-pumped tunable single-frequency Nd:YVO₄ laser has been built. The laser incorporates a LiNbO₃ etalon (LE) as a coarse tuning element and a LiNbO₃ crystal (LC) as a fine tuning element to obtain broadband, rapid tuning. More than 480 mW of output power has been obtained from the tunable laser with frequency tuning range of 17.2 GHz and the tuning response time of 10 ns. PACS 42.55.Xi; 42.60.Da; 42.60.Fc; 42.60.Pk     

Mutual alignment errors due to localized distortion in free-space laser communication links

Instead of Zernike polynomials, truncated Gaussian function is proposed to express localized wave-front deformation in studying mutual alignment errors in free-space laser communication links, which simplifies the calculation. Mutual alignment errors include pointing and tracking errors which depend on transmitting and receiving optical system, respectively. It is shown that both pointing and tracking errors depend on three parameters (the center value A, the radius a and the distance d) of Gaussian localized distortion and change regularly as they increase. The maximum pointing and tracking errors always appear around A = 0.4λ (rms = π). Moreover, pointing error is more sensitive to localized wave-front deformation than tracking error. Beam truncation ratio has great influence on pointing error, and obscuration ratio has less influence on pointing and tracking errors except that antenna secondary mirror shelters parts of the localized deformation. To reduce the influence of localized aberrations, the principles how to choose the optical devices with large aperture are given, and a method that aligns the pointing direction to compensate pointing and tracking errors is suggested. The work will contribute to the design of free-space laser communication systems.     

Model-based seafloor characterization employing multi-beam angular backscatter data--a comparative study with dual-frequency single beam

Sediment geoacoustic inversion results are estimated employing a multi-beam (MB) echo-sounding system operable at 95 kHz. To characterize the western continental shelf of India (off Goa) seafloor, MB backscatter signals were acquired along with grab sediment samples. The substrate type and roughness of the site were estimated using the composite roughness scattering model with the measured backscatter values. The seafloor parameters, namely mean grain size (M(φ)); roughness spectrum strength (w(2)) and exponent (γ(2)); and sediment volume parameter (σ(2)), for coarse and fine grain sediments are estimated by employing the MB system. These parameters have also been estimated at two other frequencies (33 and 210 kHz) and are compared to the ground truth data to provide sufficient support in validating the model results and increasing the understanding of the shelf seafloor processes. Distinct interclass separations between the sediment provinces are evident from the estimated mean grain size M(φ) and water-sediment interface roughness w(2). The seafloor parameters for coarse and fine grain sediments derived from the 95 kHz MB data are consistent with the sediment sample data as well as with the inversion results obtained using backscatter data at 33 and 210 kHz from the same locations.     

大气环境下基于目标照明回光的视轴误差校正实验研究

理论分析了激光瞄准系统中视轴误差与目标照明回光的关系. 介绍了同时具备激光束发射与瞄准偏差校正功能的自适应光学器件––自适应光纤准直器的原理. 搭建了光束经200 m水平大气传输的激光瞄准实验平台. 基于二维目标和三维目标的照明回光, 利用随机并行梯度下降算法分别实现了不同初始视轴误差下的瞄准闭环校正. 实验结果表明, 闭环后二维目标和三维目标的视轴校正残差评价参数分别小于6%和10.8%, 校正精度均在理论范围内. 最后, 分析了算法参数对动目标瞄准的影响.     

回波瞄准系统中基于爬山法的光束闭环瞄准实验

瞄准偏差和光束抖动,会导致光束到达靶面能量的损失,是光束瞄准系统中两个最主要的误差。分析了以高斯光束和高斯抖动为基础的光束在照明目标时产生的光回波信号的特性;在此基础上,搭建了实验室平台,实现了基于二维爬山法的光束闭环瞄准,讨论了光束抖动对光束瞄准实时性的影响,分析了不同抖动强度下光束瞄准的精度。实验结果表明：爬山算法无需已知目标和光束分布的任何信息,即可实现光束回波闭环瞄准,且性能优良;但随着光束抖动的增加,其瞄准所需回波信号样本增大,瞄准精度降低。     

一种新型的测量汽轮机内湿蒸汽两相流的集成化探针系统

汽轮机内湿蒸汽两相流中一次、二次水滴的参数和流场是密切相关的,但国内外迄今没有能同时测量这些参数的技术和设备。作者成功研制了能同时测量湿蒸汽两相流中一次、二次水滴和流场的集成化探针。该探针已在３５０ＭＷ汽轮机上进行了实测。本文介绍了该测量系统的原理和构成。     

Large-aperture double-focus laser collimator for PAT performance testing of inter-satellite laser communication terminal

A laser collimator is necessary for testing and verification of the pointing, acquisition and tracking (PAT) performance of inter-satellite laser communication terminals on the ground. The laser collimator must have a large clear aperture to fit the PAT performance testing system. The PAT subsystem has a large field of view for the acquisition and a high angular accuracy for the fine tracking. To resolve the conflict between large field of view and fine angular resolution, a large-aperture double-focus laser collimator is proposed and its optical design and mechanical structure are described. The collimator mainly consists of a primary lens, a reflector, a beam-splitting plate, a secondary lens, two compensating lenses, two imaging sensors and a laser. The primary lens directly forms the long focal length arm of the collimator. The combination of the primary lens and the secondary lens form the short focal length arm of the collimator. The collimator has an angular resolution <0.75 μrad and a 10 mrad field of view. For the collimator, the incident beam is focused on the two imaging sensors by its two arms, and the beam emitted from the laser is collimated and transmitted. The collimator is combined with an optical scanner and a fine beam deflector to test and verify the PAT performance of the inter-satellite laser communication terminal in a full physical manner.     

用CCD摄像机检测激光器输出光束的指向稳定性

报导用CCD摄像机检测激光器输出光束的指向稳定性的实验结果。系统由计算机控制，可同时显示远场光斑形状及强度分布。测量He-Ne激光器、半导体激光器及氩离子激光器指向稳定性及激光束输出强度的稳定性。