含时Schrödinger方程的高阶辛FDTD算法研究

提出了一种新的算法——高阶辛时域有限差分法(SFDTD(3, 4): symplectic finite-difference time-domain)求解含时薛定谔方程.在时间上采用三阶辛积分格式离散, 空间上采用四阶精度的同位差分格式离散, 建立了求解含时薛定谔方程的高阶离散辛框架;探讨了高阶辛算法的稳定性及数值色散性.通过理论上的分析及数值算例表明:当空间采用高阶同位差分格式时, 辛积分可提高算法的稳定度;SFDTD(3, 4)法和FDTD(2, 4)法较传统的FDTD(2, 2)法数值色散性明显改善.对二维量子阱和谐振子的仿真结果表明: SFDTD(3, 4)法较传统的FDTD(2, 2)法及高阶FDTD(2, 4)法有着更好的计算精度和收敛性, 且SFDTD(3, 4)法能够保持量子系统的能量守恒, 适用于长时间仿真.     

辛时域有限差分算法研究等离子体光子晶体透射系数

相较于传统的时域有限差分算法,辛时域有限差分算法具有高准确度性和低色散性.传统的时域有限差分算法的计算准确度较低,数值色散误差较大,并且破坏了麦克斯韦方程的辛结构,从而导致其稳定性较差.然而辛时域有限差分算法可以克服这些缺点,从而保证了整个仿真计算的准确性和稳定性.本文基于辛时域有限差分算法,对等离子体光子晶体的带隙特性,透射系数等进行了研究,并与传统的时域有限差分算法进行了对比,验证了辛时域有限差分算法的优势和可行性.     

Multi-Symplectic Wavelet Collocation Method for Maxwell's Equations

In this paper, we develop a multi-symplectic wavelet collocation method for three-dimensional (3-D) Maxwell's equations. For the multi-symplectic formulation of the equations, wavelet collocation method based on autocorrelation functions is applied for spatial discretization and appropriate symplectic scheme is employed for time integration. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method is multi-symplectic, unconditionally stable and energy-preserving under periodic boundary conditions. The numerical dispersion relation is investigated. Combined with splitting scheme, an explicit splitting symplectic wavelet collocation method is also constructed. Numerical experiments illustrate that the proposed methods are efficient, have high spatial accuracy and can preserve energy conservation laws exactly.     

Perfect plane-wave source for a high-order symplectic finite-difference time-domain scheme

The method of splitting a plane-wave finite-difference time-domain (SP-FDTD) algorithm is presented for the initiation of plane-wave source in the total-field / scattered-field (TF/SF) formulation of high-order symplectic finite-difference time-domain (SFDTD) scheme for the first time. By splitting the fields on one-dimensional grid and using the nature of numerical plane-wave in finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), the identical dispersion relation can be obtained and proved between the one-dimensional and three-dimensional grids. An efficient plane-wave source is simulated on one-dimensional grid and a perfect match can be achieved for a plane-wave propagating at any angle forming an integer grid cell ratio. Numerical simulations show that the method is valid for SFDTD and the residual field in SF region is shrinked down to -300 dB.     

A High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Two-Dimensional Time-Domain Maxwell's Equations on Curved Mesh

In this paper, a DG (Discontinuous Galerkin) method which has been widely employed in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is used to solve the two-dimensional time-domain Maxwell's equations for complex geometries on unstructured mesh. The element interfaces on solid boundary are treated in both curved way and straight way. Numerical tests are performed for both benchmark problems and complex cases with varying orders on a series of grids, where the high-order convergence in accuracy can be observed. Both the curved and the straight solid boundary implementation can give accurate RCS (Radar Cross-Section) results with sufficiently small mesh size, but the curved solid boundary implementation can significantly improve the accuracy when using relatively large mesh size. More importantly, this CFD-based high-order DG method for the Maxwell's equations is very suitable for complex geometries.     

基于辛Runge-Kutta-Nystrom方法的雷达散射截面计算

从基本的差分概念和Maxwell方程出发, 引入电磁场方程的Hamilton函数.提出一种基于Runge-Kutta-Nystrom辛算法的高阶时域有限差分方法，该方法保持了系统的相空间体积不变和总能量不变，并导出了迭代公式.在此基础上计算了一种金属圆柱的雷达散射截面.计算结果表明该方法的正确性及快速、精确的特性. 关键词： 雷达散射截面 高阶算法 辛Runge-Kutta-Nystrom方法 时域有限差分     

Comparison of experimental microwave tunneling data with calculations based on Maxwell's equations

We compare microwave tunneling experiments using three types of potentials with calculations describing these systems, using only Maxwell's equations. The values obtained are identical within a very narrow error limit. Thus, microwave tunneling through evanescent waveguide regions, including superluminal tunneling velocities, is described by Maxwell's equations. The dispersion relation yields purely imaginary, complex, or real k-values. As an analogy, microwave tunneling presents an ideal tool for studying quantum mechanical tunneling.     

双色散模型的辛时域有限差分算法

结合有耗的Drude-Lorentz色散模型,提出了处理双色散模型的辛时域有限差分算法.基于矩阵分裂,辛传播算子和辅助差分方程技术,结合严格而巧妙的公式推导,构建了算法框架,并给出了详细的公式推导过程.为了验证本文算法的有效性和精确性,首先计算了一维空间双色散平板的透射系数,并与解析解对比,结果较好地符合,证明了该算法是有效而精确的.然后计算了三维空间中有实际意义的银分裂环,金属银的介电参数由Drude模型拟合.计算了该结构的透射系数,反射系数和吸收系数,得到了银分裂环的谐振频率和吸收频率,为实际实验结果提供了可供参考的计算结果.     

Posteriori Error Estimation for an Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Maxwell's Equations in Cold Plasma

In this paper, we develop a residual-based a posteriori error estimator for the time-dependent Maxwell's equations in the cold plasma. Here we consider a semi-discrete interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for solving the governing equations. We provide both the upper bound and lower bound analysis for the error estimator. This is the first posteriori error analysis carried out for the Maxwell's equations in dispersive media.     

求解波动方程的准粒子离散修正辛算法

针对波动方程求解,在Hamilton体系下建立了对空间离散的准粒子体系,该准粒子体系实现简单,物理意义明确;在时间离散方面,构造了一种适合高效声波模拟的修正辛格式,该格式是在常规的二阶Partitioned Runge-Kutta(PRK)基础之上构造而成,其具有三阶时间精度,从理论上分析了修正辛格式的数值稳定性和频散性能.数值结果表明,本文提出的方法在计算时间,计算精度和计算存储量等各方面性能都有相应改善。      

A Spectral Time-Domain Method for Computational Electrodynamics

Ever since its introduction by Kane Yee over forty years ago, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been a widely-used technique for solving the time-dependent Maxwell's equations that has also inspired many other methods. This paper presents an alternative approach to these equations in the case of spatially-varying electric permittivity and/or magnetic permeability, based on Krylov subspace spectral (KSS) methods. These methods have previously been applied to the variable-coefficient heat equation and wave equation, and have demonstrated high-order accuracy, as well as stability characteristic of implicit time-stepping schemes, even though KSS methods are explicit. KSS methods for scalar equations compute each Fourier coefficient of the solution using techniques developed by Golub and Meurant for approximating elements of functions of matrices by Gaussian quadrature in the spectral, rather than physical, domain. We show how they can be generalized to coupled systems of equations, such as Maxwell's equations, by choosing appropriate basis functions that, while induced by this coupling, still allow efficient and robust computation of the Fourier coefficients of each spatial component of the electric and magnetic fields. We also discuss the application of block KSS methods to problems involving non-self-adjoint spatial differential operators, which requires a generalization of the block Lanczos algorithm of Golub and Underwood to unsymmetric matrices.     

高阶辛算法的稳定性与数值色散性分析

利用Maxwell方程的哈密尔顿函数,导出对应的欧拉-哈密尔顿方程.利用辛积分技术与高阶交错差分技术,建立求解三维时域Maxwell方程的高阶辛算法;结合电磁场中的物理概念,借助矩阵分析和张量分析理论,获得高阶时域方法及高阶辛算法的稳定性和数值色散性的统一处理新方法.用数值结果证实方法的正确性,与FDTD算法和其它时域高阶方法相比,高阶辛算法具有较大的计算优势,为电磁计算提供了新的途径.     

Shear free solutions of Maxwell's equations

A twisting shear free solution of Maxwell's equations is obtained by transforming to a complex coordinate system in which the corresponding solution is complex but twist free. The equations in this system are easily solved, and, by transforming back to the original coordinates, a twisting shear free solution of Maxwell's equations is obtained.     

Implicit DG Method for Time Domain Maxwell's Equations Involving Metamaterials

An implicit discontinuous Galerkin method is introduced to solve the time-domain Maxwell's equations in metamaterials. The Maxwell's equations in metamaterials are represented by integral-differential equations. Our scheme is based on discontinuous Galerkin method in spatial domain and Crank-Nicolson method in temporal domain. The fully discrete numerical scheme is proved to be unconditionally stable. When polynomial of degree at most $p$ is used for spatial approximation, our scheme is verified to converge at a rate of $\mathcal{O}(τ^2+h^{p+1/2})$. Numerical results in both 2D and 3D are provided to validate our theoretical prediction.     

Wave Propagation in Multicomponent Plasmas

The well-known linearization technique has been used to derive the dielectric tensor for a multicomponent plasma in the presence of a static magnetic field. The equation of motion for various species of particles has been considered with Maxwell's field equations and the dispersion relation for different specific cases have been obtained.     

Electromagnetic and Force Field Equations

In classical physics the electromagnetic equations are described by Maxwell's equations. Maxwell's equations proved to be invariant under gauge, or Lorentz transformations. Also, Einstein's equations of the special theory of relativity are invariant under Lorentz transformations. On the other hand classical mechanics and quantum mechanics laws are invariant under Galilean transformations. This means that, there are two different dynamical structures describing our universe. Einstein's unified field theory failled in putting our universe in one dynamical structure. New electromagnetic and force field equations are going to be derived. They have the same shape like Maxwell's equations, but with different dynamical structure. Those equations are invariant under Galilean transformations and in the density matrix formalism of quantum mechanics.     

Grenzbedingungen der Elektrodynamik für Medien mit räumlicher Dispersion und Übergangsschichten

Boundary Conditions of Electrodynamics for Media with Spatial Dispersion and for Transition Layers Starting from Maxwell's equations of macroscopic electrodynamics for spatially inhomogeneous anisotropic media with spatial dispersion the boundary conditions are derived with an essentially new method using generalized functions and expansions of the fields in terms of moments. We find a complete infinite system of boundary conditions, which can be reduced to finite systems by approximations. For the special cases of first order spatial dispersion and for transition layers we obtain boundary conditions in the first approximation, which improve and generalize the usual ones.     

Dispersion and absorption of Alfven wave in ion-implanted group-IV semiconductor

By considering that the implanted ions in a group-IV semiconductor agglomerate to form nanoclusters (NCs) and some of them acquire negative charge, we present an analytical study on excitation and propagation of Alfven wave (AW). Using multi-fluid analysis and Maxwell's equations, a linear dispersion relation for the AW in a semiconductor plasma has been derived. The presence of charged NCs is shown to split the waves into two components and significantly modifying their dispersion and absorption characteristics by creating a charge imbalance in the semiconductor plasma. The NCs, on account of their heavy masses, are assumed to be stationary in the background.