微纳光纤布拉格光栅折射率传感特性研究

利用光纤布拉格光栅方程和光纤基模有效折射率随纤芯半径和环境折射率的函数关系, 建立了微纳光纤布拉格光栅(MNFBG)反射波长随环境折射率变化的数学模型, 给出了波长灵敏度函数, 并指出MNFBG反射波长的变化规律决定于有效折射率随纤芯半径和环境折射率变化的关系. 详细探究了有效折射率及其灵敏度的变化规律, 结果表明: 有效折射率随纤芯半径和环境折射率的减小而非线性减小, 其对环境折射率变化的灵敏度随环境折射率的增大而非线性增加, 而且随纤芯半径减小, 有效折射率的灵敏度、线性度以及线性响应范围均呈递增规律. 通过对纤芯半径为0.5 μm的MNFBG在1.20–1.30和1.33–1.43 环境折射率范围内的波长响应关系拟合, 分别获得了477.33 nm/RIU和856.30 nm/RIU的波长灵敏度以及99.58 %和99.7%的高线性度, 论证了分析结论以及折射率区间划分测量方案的正确性, 为MNFBG折射率传感器的设计、优化以及应用提供了参考依据. 关键词： 微纳光纤 光纤布拉格光栅 折射率传感 数值模拟     

微纳尺度光纤布拉格光栅折射率传感的理论研究

亚波长直径微纳光纤强倏逝场传输的光学特性,使其对周围介质折射率的变化具有极高的灵敏度.本文提出一种基于微纳尺度光纤布拉格光栅(MNFBG)的折射率传感器,结合微纳光纤倏逝场传输和光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)强波长选择的特性来实现高精度折射率传感,对其制备可行性进行了讨论.论文中对MNFBG折射率传感机理进行了深入的理论分析,并使用OptiGrating软件进行了数值模拟,模拟数据显示MNFBG折射率测量的灵敏度随着光纤半径的减小而增加,其中光纤半径为400 nm的MNFBG灵敏度可达到993 nm/RIU,相比于包层蚀刻的FBG灵敏度增加了170倍,说明MNFBG对发展微型化、高灵敏度折射率传感器具有良好的应用前景. 关键词： 微纳光纤 光纤布拉格光栅 折射率传感     

Cascaded tilted fiber Bragg grating for enhanced refractive index sensing

We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a cascaded tilted fiber Bragg grating(TFBG) for enhanced refractive index sensing. The TFBG is UV-inscribed in series in ordinary single-mode fiber(SMF) and reduced-diameter SMF with the same tilt angle, and then excites two sets of superposed spectral combs of cladding modes. The cascaded TFBG with total length of 18 mm has a much wider wavelength range over 100 nm and narrower wavelength separation than that of a TFBG only in the SMF, enabling an enlarged range and a higher accuracy of refractive index measurement. The fabricated TFBG with the merits of enhanced sensing capability and temperature self-calibration presents great potentials in the biochemical sensing applications.     

Bragg gratings in rectangular microfiber for temperature independent refractive index sensing

We present fiber Bragg grating fabricated in rectangular microfiber for temperature-independent refractive index (RI) measurement. The grating has two Bragg peaks due to the high geometrical birefringence of the rectangular microfiber. The two peaks present different RI responses because the modes along the orthogonal polarizations have different energy fractions in terms of evanescent field outside the silica microfiber and hence the light/liquid interaction strength are different. In contrast, they exhibit identical temperature sensitivities because most mode energy is confined in the microfiber and the thermal-optic effect of silica dominantly determines the temperature response. As a result, temperature-independent RI sensing can be realized by monitoring the wavelength separation between the two peaks.     

Apodized fibre Bragg grating with modulated refractive index change for transmissive gain equalization

This paper presents a new enhanced design of fibre Bragg grating for flattening the gain profile of an erbium-doped fibre amplifier in transmission configuration. This grating has modulation of refractive index change and constant chirp rate, wherein both profiles of the parameters are properly apodized. The design utilizes an alternative approach to the renowned inverse scattering method, yet produces a similar spectral response quality and conceptually simpler. Moreover, it offers precise control over all parameters of the grating structure. It is shown that the design approach could produce gain-flattening filters of satisfactory quality through simulations using the accurate transfer matrix method.     

Characterization of fiber Bragg grating for maximum reflectivity based on modulation depth of refractive index

This study proposed the modeling of fiber Bragg grating as a sensor for the optimum reflectivity with minimum discontinuities at the end of center wavelength. Recent advancement in optical sensor technology, make it necessary to generate the optimum results with minimum error. In this analysis, dependence of grating output spectra on various parameters has been studied for minimum bandwidth, side lobes and maximum reflectivity. In previous studies effect of length and other parameters has been studied. In this paper author has included the effect of modulation depth also. Study shows that grating length and modulation depth of refractive index of core are very critical factors which significantly alter the grating characteristics. Here low absorption third window of optical communication is used for the sake of low attenuation. All the simulation has done using GratingMOd software using transfer matrix method.     

光纤布拉格光栅的应变传感实验的研究

针对光纤布拉格光栅的应变特性进行了实验研究,利用计算机采集和处理数据.实验结果表明,Bragg波长随纵向应变的变化呈现出良好的线性,与理论分析结果一致;光栅的涂敷材料不会改变它的线性,但会引起光栅的应变灵敏度变化.     

匹配光纤光栅温度传感解调系统

实验了一种基于一维调节器的光纤光栅静态温度(温度缓变)探测系统。在系统中,一维调节器与步进电机相连,步进电机由PC(计算机)通过PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)进行控制,匹配光纤光栅被固定在一维调节器上用来解调增敏光纤光栅传感器探测到的温度信号,匹配光栅的Bragg周期可通过调节一维调节器进行控制,其透射的光信号经光电检测电路检测并与调节架形成闭环控制。实验测得,在10℃~70℃范围内系统温度传感探测精度为±0.3℃。     

温度不敏感的光纤布拉格高压传感技术研究

 为了实现单一光纤光栅对压强精确测量,设计了一种温度不敏感的光纤布拉格高压传感器。对该传感器的温度特性及压强响应特性进行研究。给出了该传感器的结构及封装方法。从理论上分析了该传感器的温度去敏原理,推导了该压强传感器的光纤布拉格光栅中心波长与压强的关系,得到了该传感器的压强响应灵敏度的解析表达。通过实验分析传感器的温度特性及压强响应。实验结果表明,在21℃～260.8℃的范围内,实现了温度补偿,平均波长漂移量为0.75 pm/℃,在0～44 MPa的范围内,获得了-0.054 8 nm/MPa的压强响应灵敏度,是裸光纤布拉格光栅压力响应灵敏度的18.27倍。该传感器的压强响应具有很好的线性和重复性,实验值与理论值吻合得很好,该传感器能够通过一只光纤布拉格光栅实现压强的精确测量。     

Distributed three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating refractometer for biochemical sensing

We demonstrate a three-dimensional (3-D) distributed refractometer that measures refractive index in a small volume. The sensor is based on an evanescent-wave fiber Bragg grating that is interrogated by low-coherence spectral interferometry. The measurement can be performed on a short time scale without the need for a mechanical scan. The new sensor was used to simultaneously measure glucose concentration in several droplets along a single sensor and to interrogate the time-dependent evaporation process of a water droplet. The new measurement technique might enable novel 3-D distributed sensors to be developed and multiple discrete measurements to be made in a small volume.     

传送带类问题归类分析

本文中的传送带类问题是指以皮带传送装置(传送带)为载体而构建的各类物理问题．传送带类问题丰富多彩，能够很好地再现物理知识和考查各种能力，因而值得我们分类探究．     

光纤光栅温度传感实验

为适应高等院校电子、通讯、信息技术等专业实验教学的需要，设计了光纤光栅温度传感实验．通过该实验，学生可以了解光纤光栅传感器的原理及解调的方法．     

Simultaneous temperature and refractive index measurement of liquid using a local micro-structured fiber Bragg grating

An alternative solution for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index is presented. A local micro-structured fiber Bragg grating（LMSFBG）is formed as the sensing head,in which a standard grating is etched by HF.According to the phase shift theory,the main spectral change of the LMSFBG is the formation of a narrow allowed band,which is strongly dependent on the etching features and the surrounding refractive index.As such,the temperature and refractive index measurements can be achieved by the shifts of the double peaks and narrow allowed band,and their fitting linearity coefficients are 0.996 and 0.994,respectively.Thus,the reflection and transmission peaks of the LMSFBG have a good linear relationship with temperature and refractive index.     

High-frequency modulation of light in diffraction by the Bragg grating with a refractive index traveling wave

The diffraction by a Bragg grating with high-frequency modulation of the refractive index of the medium is analyzed theoretically. The effect of the grating parameters and parameters of an rf signal on the efficiency of modulation of optical signals at frequencies above 10 GHz is investigated.     

基于滤波法的光纤光栅传感解调方案

FBG传感器对应变和温度的敏感体现在其反射光中心波长的变化上，因此如何测量波长的变化就成为FBG传感器的关键。在光纤光栅的多种解调方法中，因滤波法的测量器件制作简单，测量系统简易、方便直观而被广泛应用。主要介绍了8种基于滤波法的解调方法，对它们各自的成本、检测精度、测量范围、器件制作以及适用的环境进行了详细的比较，分析了它们的优缺点，以便于在不同的检测条件下选用最佳的解调方案。重点介绍了光学小波滤波解调法，探讨了其测量系统的原理，并指出该方法可用于微弱信号的检测与处理。     

Temperature-insensitive fiber Bragg grating dynamic pressure sensing system

Temperature-insensitive dynamic pressure measurement using a single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based on reflection spectrum bandwidth modulation and optical power detection is proposed. A specifically designed double-hole cantilever beam is used to provide a pressure-induced axial strain gradient along the sensing FBG and is also used to modulate the reflection bandwidth of the grating. The bandwidth modulation is immune to spatially uniform temperature effects, and the pressure can be unambiguously determined by measuring the reflected optical power, avoiding the complex wavelength interrogation system. The system acquisition time is up to 85 Hz for dynamic pressure measurement, and the thermal fluctuation is kept less than 1.2% full-scale for a temperature range of -10 degrees C to 80 degrees C.     

Regenerated fiber Bragg grating for fiber laser sensing at high temperatures

Thermally regenerated low-reflectivity fiber Bragg gratings(RFBGs), as one mirror of a resonant cavity, have been introduced as linear-cavity fiber lasers combining with fiber saturable absorbers. The output of lasing presents an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 50 dB and temperature sensitivity coefficient of 15.36 pm∕℃ for the heating process and 15.46 pm∕℃ for the cooling process. The lasing wavelength variation and power fluctuation at 700℃ are less than 0.02 nm and 0.21 dB, respectively. The RFBG-based fiber laser sensing has displayed good linearity for both the temperature rising and cooling processes, and favorable stability at high temperatures.     

保偏光纤光栅温度传感性能的实验研究

在经过氢敏化处理的保偏光纤上制作了中心波长在1300 nm窗口的光纤布拉格光栅，并对这种保偏光纤布拉格光栅的温度传感特性进行了实验研究与理论分析。结果表明这种光栅可以用作温度传感器，对温度进行测量。和普通的标准单模光纤布拉格光栅一样，它对温度的响应具有很好的线性关系。本实验结果还可以作为对保偏光纤光栅传感特性进一步深入研究的参考。     

光纤光栅传感技术在工程中的应用

综述了光纤光栅传感器近年来在工程结构健康监测、石油产业、电力行业、岩土工程、航空航天、采矿、爆破、交通及医学等各个领域的应用情况。文章认为,限制光纤光栅传感器产业化和大规模应用的主要因素是缺乏统一的设计理论和制作方法,这使得不同厂家生产的传感器规格存在差异。另外,由于复杂的生产技术和精细的生产过程使传感器生产成本较高,而且能实际应用的光纤光栅传感器的解调产品并不多,且价格很高。根据上述分析,文中对该项技术未来的发展方向提出了展望。     

光纤光栅温度传感理论与实验

从光纤光栅温度传感模型出发，理论分析研究了光纤光栅的温度传感特性，推导了光纤光栅温度传感的一阶、二阶和有效线性灵敏度系数的解析式，计算了各灵敏度系数的理论值，实验得到了反射波长与温度的二次多项式，对比分析了理论与实验结果，讨论了石英的力学参数对光纤光栅温度传感特性的影响、反射波长与温度的线性及非线性的适用范围等问题. 关键词： 光纤光栅 光纤传感 温度传感