Intensity depending on object distance in a two-dimensional photonic crystal

The propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in two-dimensional triangular-lattice photonic crystals (PCs) is investigated through dispersion characteristics analysis and numerical simulation of field pattern. The designed PC structure can exhibit all angle negative refraction in the second band. A flat superlens formed from such a PC has been designed and its imaging properties have been investigated systematically. Good-quality images and focusing, with relative refractive index of ?1, have been observed in this system for TE mode waves. In contrast to the images in near-field region for the lowest valence band, non-near-field images, explicitly following the well-known wave-beam negative refraction law, have been demonstrated. The relation between the intensity of the image and the object distance has also been discussed in this paper. The extensive applications of such a phenomenon to optical devices are anticipated.     

All angle negative refraction with the effective phase index of-1

We theoretically studied a left-hand structure based on a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC)with a negative refractive index. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in the proposed PC structure is investigated through dispersion characteristic analysis and numerical simulation of field pattern. The designed PC structure can exhibit all angle negative refraction, and the corresponding effective refractive indices along all directions are almost same and close to the ideal value of -1. A flat lens formed from such a PC has been designed and its imaging properties have been investigated systematically.     

Large complete band gap in two-dimensional phononic crystal slabs with elliptic inclusions

Phononic band structure with periodic elliptic inclusions for the square lattice is investigated based on the plane wave expansion method. The numerical results show the systems composed of tungsten (W) elliptic rods embedded in a silicon (Si) matrix can exhibit a larger complete band gap than the conventional circular phononic crystal (PC) slabs. The phononic band structure of the plate-mode waves and the width of the first complete band gap can be tuned by varying the ratio of the minor axis and the major axis, the orientation angle of the elliptic rods and the thickness of the PC slabs. We also study the band structure of plate-mode waves propagating in two-dimensional (2D) slabs with periodic elliptic inclusions coated on uniform substrate.     

基于杂质带的光子晶体矩形波形滤波器的实现

利用转移矩阵方法对基于杂质带的光子晶体矩形波形滤波器的实现进行了研究.除了可选择不同折射率的材料外,该滤波器还可通过调整光子晶体本身的结构参量来实现.对较平杂质带的形成机制做了具体的理论分析和解释,通过数值计算光子晶体原子耦合成光子晶体分子的过程,发现光子晶体原子的线宽与光子晶体分子线宽之间的相对大小是决定能否形成较平杂质带的重要参量.     

光频段多频率域负折射率材料的数值研究

利用电介质材料周期性排列构成二维六角结构光子晶体,用平面波展开法研究了二维光子晶体材料各个能级的等频率曲线图,发现此结构光子晶体在多个频段上存在负折射特性,用时域有限差分(finite difference time domain,FDTD) 数值计算模拟也得到了相同的结果. 关键词： 光子晶体 左手化媒质 负折射 多频段     

正负折射率交替一维光子晶体窄带梳状滤波器

利用传输矩阵法计算了正负折射率交替一维光子晶体的带隙特性。结果表明这种光子晶体具有宽而平坦的禁带,窄而尖锐的通带。这种带隙特性是受到布拉格散射、法布里-珀罗谐振和n-=0禁带共同影响的结果,通带位置决定于法布里-珀罗谐振。在理论分析基础上设计出密集波分复用用窄带梳状滤波器,给出信道间隔为0.8nm的梳状滤波器的仿真结果。仿真结果表明这种梳状滤波器具有信道间隔窄、禁带平坦、通带极窄的特点。信道间隔可以通过改变一维光子晶体单元周期光学厚度调节。     

Optical properties of chiral photonic crystals with linear profiles of modulation parameters

The oblique propagation of light through a layer of chiral photonic crystal (PC) with linear profiles of modulation parameters is considered. The problem is solved by the method of Ambartsumyan layer addition. The wavelength dependences of the amplitude characteristics have been studied at different angles of incidence in two cases, i.e., in a chiral PC with a linear profile of modulation period and a chiral PC with a linear profile of modulation depth. It is shown that the photonic band gap is broadened in both cases and that omnidirectional reflection occurs under certain conditions. The nonreciprocity features are investigated for these two cases and it is shown that a chiral PC with a linear profile of modulation period can operate as an ideal optical diode in a certain frequency range. The features of the effect of change in the modulation parameters on the photon density of states, group velocity, and group velocity dispersion are analyzed. It is shown that, when the modulation parameters change in space, the photon density of states at the photonic band gap edges significantly decreases. It is proposed to use PCs with a spatially changing modulation period can be used to compress (expand) light pulses.     

Symmetric and Anti-Symmetric Lamb Waves in a Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystal Plate

It is weft known that Lamb waves in a plate with a mirror plane can be separated into two uncoupled sets： symmetric and anti-symmetric modes. Based on this property, we present a revised plane wave expansion method （PWE） to calculate the band structure of a phononie crystal （PC） plate with a mirror plane. The developed PWE method can be used to calculate the band structure of symmetric and anti-symmetric modes separately, by which the depending relationship between the partial acoustic band gap （PABG）, which belongs to the symmetric and anti-symmetric modes alternatively, and the position of the scatterers can be determined. As an example of its application, the band structure of the Lamb modes in a two-dimensional PC plate with two layers of void circular inclusions is investigated. The results show that the band structure for the symmetric and anti-symmetric modes can be changed by the position of the scatterers drastically, and larger PABGs will be opened when the scatterers are inserted into the area of the plate, where the elastic potential energy is concentrated.     

Performance testing of log pile photonic crystal fast-fabricated by direct femtosecond laser writing

Great efforts has been made on fabricating photonic crystals （PCs） with photonic band gaps （PBGs） during the past decade. Three-dimensional （3D） log pile PC was fabricated fast by direct femtosecond laser writing in ORMOCER. Qualitative analysis of the errors of PC was investigated using the Image Pro Plus. Surface qualities such as bending, distortion, and surface roughness were shown, and the band gap in the infrared wavelength region was observed. Meanwhile, the theory was experimentally verified that the center of PBG diminishes as the crystal lattice period reduces. Therefore, it is possible to fabricate PCs whose band gap range is from the near-infrared to visible wave band.     

近中红外与1.06μm和1.54μm激光兼容隐身光子晶体研究

为实现飞行器高温部分的红外与激光兼容伪装,设计了一种基于一维光子晶体的近中红外与1.06μm和1.54μm激光兼容隐身材料。基于薄膜的传输矩阵法和异质结构理论,拓展了光子晶体的禁带宽度,使之覆盖近中红外波段;随后,利用掺杂原理,在光子晶体周期结构中引入了两种缺陷。结果显示,在1~5μm的带隙中出现了波长分别为1.06μm和1.54μm的缺陷模,反射率分别为1.21%和1.79%,这种具有"光谱挖空"特性的光子晶体可以实现近中红外与1.06μm和1.54μm激光兼容隐身。     

2.1 μm可调谐多波长掺钬光纤激光器

为了实现2.1 μm波段光纤激光器输出多波长激光，设计了一种基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的可调谐多波长掺钬光纤激光器。采用1.9 μm波段掺铥光纤激光器泵浦一段长3 m的掺钬石英光纤，获得2.1 μm波段的光放大；环形腔中，由保偏光纤和偏振控制器构成的光纤Sagnac干涉仪，实现2.1 μm波段周期滤波，获得了2.1 μm波段多波长激光，输出功率1 mW~15 mW可调谐，最多可观测到6个波长的激光输出。通过调节环形腔内偏振控制器，能够实现2.1 μm波段1~6个波长的调谐。     

Efficient tunable negative refraction photonic crystal achieved by an elliptic rod lattice with a nematic liquid crystal

Photonic crystals (PCs) have many potential applications because of their ability to control light-wave propagation. We have investigated the electromagnetic wave propagation inside an elliptic rod PC slab by means of finite-difference time-domain simulations. The band structure of the PC composed of elliptic rod in the square and triangular lattices is studied by solving Maxwell's equations using the plane wave expansion method. Numerical simulations show that the refractive angle can be tuned greatly by rotating the directors of elliptic rod in the PC slab. Furthermore, an optical switch based on elliptic rod PC structures with nematic liquid crystals was proposed. In the on/off switching system, the partial band gap can be controlled when the normalized operation frequency is 0.28. The modulation induced by liquid crystals created a sharp switching in the photonic devices. Such a mechanism of negative refraction PCs should open up a new application for designing components in photonic integrated circuits.     

Complete low-frequency bandgap in a two-dimensional phononic crystal with spindle-shaped inclusions

A two-dimensional phononic crystal(PC) structure possessing a relatively low frequency range of complete bandgap is presented. The structure is composed of periodic spindle-shaped plumbum inclusions in a rubber matrix which forms a square lattice. The dispersion relation, transmission spectrum and displacement field are studied using the finite element method in conjunction with the Bloch theorem. Numerical results show that the present PC structure can achieve a large complete bandgap in a relatively low frequency range compared with two inclusions of different materials, which is useful in low-frequency noise and vibration control and can be designed as a low frequency acoustic filter and waveguides. Moreover,the transmission spectrum and effective mass are evaluated to validate the obtained band structure. It is interesting to see that within the band gap the effective mass becomes negative, resulting in an imaginary wave speed and wave exponential attenuation. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the effect of geometrical parameters of the presented PC structure on the lowest bandgap is performed to investigate the variations of the bandgap width and frequency.     

Control analysis of the tunable phononic crystal with electrorheological material

The elastic band structure of a two-dimensional phononic crystal (PC) with electrorheological (ER) material is investigated and the plane-wave-expansion (PWE) method is adopted to solve the problem in this paper. The ER material is used to act as a tunable elastic composite inserts and its material parameter can be changed by the applied electric fields. Variations of the band gaps for the phononic composite system are also calculated with various electric fields and it is found to have a significant effect on the band gaps of the phononic system with ER material inserts. The band gaps of the smart system can be controlled and the acoustic characteristics of the system are also changed by applied different electric fields.     

激光辐照PC型HgCdTe探测器的实验研究

 分别用连续波1.319μm激光和10.6μm激光辐照PC型HgCdTe红外探测器时，得到了不同辐照光功率密度下，探测器输出的一系列实验结果。给出了在波长为1.319μm的波段内激光辐照下PC型HgCdTe探测器的饱和阈值；用波长为10.6μm的波段外CO₂激光辐照探测器时，发现了一些与波段内激光辐照探测器时大不相同的实验现象；对实验结果进行了分析。简要总结了PC型HgCdTe探测器对于波段内和波段外激光辐照的响应机制。     

可实现偏振无关单向传输的二维硅基环形孔光子晶体

基于光子晶体来构筑偏振无关光二极管在光电集成领域具有重大的应用价值.首先提出了一种环形孔光子晶体,能带结构显示其对横电及横磁模式同时展现出显著的方向带隙.以此构建了三角形状的环形孔光子晶体,利用时域有限差分法计算其透过谱及场分布图,发现该结构能实现偏振无关单向传输特性,然而正向透过率太低(约20%).进一步引入尺寸较小的三角形状的环形孔光子晶体构成光子晶体异质结结构,有效地提高了偏振无关单向传输性能,正向透过率增大了一倍.通过界面结构的调整,正向透过率进一步增大,优化后的环形孔光子晶体异质结结构能同时对类横电及类横磁模式入射光实现单向传输,且正向透过率达到了44%.     

Photonic crystals and microlasers fabricated with low refractive index material

Although the investigation on photonic band gap materials has been done more than two decades, it is still a big challenge to fabricate three-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) possessing wide band gaps in visible range. In this article, we have reviewed recent progresses on fabricating the PC with low refractive index material in visible range. In contrast to the material with large refractive index, it is cheap to use low refractive index material in fabricating the PC and will be greatly beneficial for future industrial productions. The holographic method to fabricate such a PC has been introduced, applying it to the design of the microlaser has also been discussed.     

Photonic crystals and microlasers fabricated with low refractive index material

Although the investigation on photonic band gap materials has been done more than two decades, it is still a big challenge to fabricate three-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) possessing wide band gaps in visible range. In this article, we have reviewed recent progresses on fabricating the PC with low refractive index material in visible range. In contrast to the material with large refractive index, it is cheap to use low refractive index material in fabricating the PC and will be greatly beneficial for future industrial productions. The holographic method to fabricate such a PC has been introduced, applying it to the design of the microlaser has also been discussed.     

A novel optical beam splitter based on photonic crystal with hybrid lattices

A novel optical beam splitter constructed on the basis of photonic crystal(PC) with hybrid lattices is proposed in this paper.The band gap of square-lattice PC is so designed that the incident light is divided into several branch beams.Triangular-lattice graded-index PCs are combined for focusing each branch.Computational calculations are carried out on the basis of finite-different time-domain algorithm to prove the feasibility of our design.The waveguide is unnecessary in the design.Thus the device has functions of both splitting and focusing beams.Size of the divided beam at site of full-width at half-maximum is of the order of λ/2.The designed splitter has the advantages that it has a small volume and can be integrated by conventional semiconductor manufacturing process.     

导模共振效应光子晶体滤波器光谱检测稳定性的研究

由于光子晶体滤波器带宽窄和高灵敏度的特点,检测抗体含量极限可以达到ng·mL-1。可以应用于生物传感器监测生物大分子内部反应过程。一维光子晶体滤波器作为生物传感器换能元件将生物信息转化为可检测的光电信号信息,主要反应在光谱仪测得共振波峰所在波长的变化。精确测试时,检测传感系统的稳定性是首要考虑的关键因素。稳定性决定实验数据的有效性。该工作对所制备的基于导模共振效应的一维光子晶体滤波器结构进行形貌和光谱测试,介绍了实验室所搭建的实时检测传感系统。由于系统集成度、 耦合损耗等因素的影响,光谱信息出现一定的噪声信号。因此,重点提出利用Lab VIEW编程实时监控光子晶体滤波器共振波峰值随时间的变化,由光谱变化情况来反应本套检测系统的稳定性和测试数据的有效性。同时这种实时监控程序也可用来监控其他基于导模共振生物传感系统的稳定度。该检测系统由于震动,光源抖动等问题产生的共振峰值漂移为0.25 nm,通过与模拟计算结果比较可以判定系统稳定性可以达到试剂检测的要求。