热重法研究晶体生长的熔剂挥发动力学

熔盐法是高温熔液中生长晶体的方法,常用的助熔剂在高温下具有挥发性,挥发情况对体系中的相状态,以及晶体成核和生长起着重要的、有时是决定性的影响。PbF_2-PbO-B_2O_3,是生长激光晶体 Y_3Al_3O_(12):Nd~(3 )(YAG:Nd~(3 ))最常用的助熔剂,它在高温生长区挥发量较大,以至于仅仅依靠恒温挥发就可以生长晶     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Y_3Al_5O_(12)超微粉末

使用溶胶-凝胶法制备了平均粒径为20～150nm的Y_3Al_5O_(12)超微粉末。从凝胶至超微粉末的过程中,发生了较大的失重现象。纯相晶态的Y_3Al_5O_(12)超微粉末的最低生成温度为900℃。粉末平均粒径随着灼烧时间的增加而逐渐增大,随着灼烧温度的增加而显著增大。     

钇铝石榴石(YAG)透明陶瓷的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

钇铝石榴石(Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12))透明陶瓷具有机械强度高、物化性质稳定,特别是覆盖紫外、可见及红外光透过等优异性能,在固体激光器、导弹穹顶、红外窗口及透明装甲领域有着广泛的应用。本文系统总结了YAG透明陶瓷的制备工艺,包括粉体合成、坯体成型、陶瓷烧结及烧结助剂的选用,对比了不同工艺路线制备YAG透明陶瓷的性能、规格、成本等;就不同稀土离子掺杂对YAG基透明陶瓷性能的影响规律进行了全面阐述;最后通过对现有问题的总结,展望了钇铝石榴石(YAG)透明陶瓷未来的发展趋势。     

氟化鈣-氧化鋁体系的相平衡与化学反应

采用淬火法研究CaF_2-Al_2O_3体系的相平衡关系,并作出相图。氟化钙与氧化铝构成简单共熔二元系,共熔点是1290±5°,7分子％Al_2O_3。氟化钙与氧化铝的固溶体(Pascal)以及CaAl_2O_3F_2与CaAl_(10)O_(15)F_2化合物(Günther等)在本工作中均未能证实。在空气中,氟化钙与氧化锚生成CaAl_4O_7(1275°),反应主要按 CaF_2+2Al_2O_3+H_2O→CaAl_4O_2+2HF或 3CaF_2+7Al_2O_3→3CaAl_4O_2+2AlF_3 2AlF_3+3H_2O→Al_2O_3+6HF进行。热力学计算的结果支持氟化钙与氧化铝的共存现象及上述氟化钙与氧化铝之间的化学变化。     

甲胺体系硅磷铝分子筛结晶行为及理化性能的研究

研究了CH_3NH_2-SiO_2-P_2O_5-Al_2O_3-H_2O体系的水热结晶行为,得到了在SiO_2:Al_2O_3:H_2O=0.4:1:40(摩尔比)时CH_3NH_2、P_2_5和Al_2O_3组成变化对分子筛结晶相影响的三元相图,发现了CFSAPO-1和CFSAPO-2两种分子筛。合成了一组含硅量不同的CFSAPO-1样品,利用XRD、IR、DTA、吸附和NH_3-TPD等方法进行了理化性能测定,发现进入骨架的Si等比地取代P和Al。     

高温隔热涂层材料快速系统分析方法

随着航空航天技术的发展,对高温隔热涂层材料的研究及应用也更加广泛深入.本文提出了以氧化锆为主体的高温隔热涂层材料的快速系统分析方法.方法采用过氧化钠于镍坩埚中熔融分解试样,于同一份称样中进行ZrO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、TiO_2、MgO、CaO和SiO_2的全分析.其中ZrO_2、MgO、CaO采用EDTA滴定法,其余成分采用光度法.对联于含Y_2O_3.和CeO_2的样品(此时不含CaO、MgO),可用另一份称样用氨水分离镍、苦杏仁酸分离锆后,用EDTA滴定法(NaF释放)测定Y_2O_(3-)Al_2O_(3-)CeO_2合量;亚铁滴定法测定CeO_2;光度法测定A1_2O_3;差减得Y_2O_3量.     

添加Y_2O_3对TiN-Sialon-Al_2O_3复相材料的制备与冲蚀磨损性能的影响

采用铝热还原氮化法原位制备了TiN-Sialon-Al_2O_3复相材料,探讨了Y_2O_3添加量对TiN-Sialon-Al_2O_3复相材料的物相组成、微观结构和固体粒子冲蚀磨损性能的影响。结果表明:添加Y_2O_3能够显著提高TiN-Sialon-Al_2O_3复相材料的抗折强度。Y_2O_3在高温下形成Y-Si-Al-TiO-N低共融相,起到弥合气孔及愈合裂纹的作用,促进了复相材料的烧结致密。Y_2O_3添加量5%时,材料在室温和1400℃下的冲蚀磨损性能最好,体积冲蚀磨损率最小分别为1.99和0.65 mm~3·g~(-1)。添加Y_2O_3后形成的Y-Si-Al-Ti-O-N玻璃相1400℃下发生软化并产生塑性,减弱了材料受到的磨削和切削作用,提高了TiN-Sialon-Al_2O_3复相材料的冲蚀磨损性能。     

NdCl3-BaCl2-LiCl三元体系相图的研究

研究熔盐体系的各种物理化学性质及电解制备金属, 相图是非常必要的。由于稀土元素分离提纯及实验时测定相图的困难, 至今只能见到某些稀土氯化物的二元相图, 而含稀土的三元氯化物体系相图的报导甚少, NdCl3-BaCl2-LiCl三元相图尚未见到文献报导, 本文测定了该三元体系的相     

CO在Al_2O_3负载的Ni表面上吸附成键及活化解离的量子化学研究

本文采用自旋极化的SCC—DV—X_α方法研究了Ni/Al_2O_3体系和CO在该体系上的吸附(CO/Ni/Al_2O_3),研究表明,Ni负载于Al_2O_3后,Al_2O_3与Ni之间存在着较强的电子效应;Al_2O_3对Ni的催化活性的调变作用主要是通过与Ni相联的O来完成的;CO吸附于Ni/Al_2O_3体系时,σ轨道转移电荷,使CO活化,但对CO的活化主要是靠金属的反馈作用实现的;△(1π—40)和△(5σ—4σ)更能体现CO在Ni/Al_2O_3体系上吸附的强弱,CO在Ni/Al_2O_3上的吸附比在Ni金属簇上要弱一些,故催化活性更好.     

Er~(3+)∶V_(0.01)Y_(2.99)Al_5N_(0.01)F_(0.01)O_(11.98)/BiPO_4/Pt光催化剂的制备及其在降解废水中亚甲基蓝的应用

通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了上转换发光材料Er~(3+)∶V_(0.01)Y_(2.99)Al_5N_(0.01)F_(0.01)O_(11.98)(Er∶YAG),然后利用水热法合成了BiPO_4,再利用高温煅烧法合成了Er∶YAG/BiPO_4/Pt复合物光催化剂.通过使用X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),光致发光光谱(PL)和上转换发射光谱对样品的组成、形貌及光学特征进行了表征.此外,还研究了不同甘油添加量、 Er∶YAG和BiPO_4的摩尔比例和复合温度及光催化剂的循环使用次数对Er∶YAG/BiPO_4/Pt复合物光催化剂活性的影响.实验结果显示Er∶YAG/BiPO_4/Pt复合物光催化剂具有高的光催化活性和较好的稳定性,它可以作为一种高效的光催化剂用于污水中有机污染物的处理.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.