Role of highest occupied molecular orbitals in molecular field-free alignment by a femtosecond pulse

This paper studies the molecular rotational excitation and field-free spatial alignment in a nonresonant intense laser field numerically and analytically by using the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation. The broad rotational wave packets excited by the femtosecond pulse are defined in conjugate angle space, and their coefficients are obtained by solving a set of coupled linear equations. Both single molecule orientation angles and an ensemble of O₂ and CO molecule angular distributions are calculated in detail. The numerical results show that, for single molecule highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) symmetry σ tends to have a molecular orientation along the laser polarization direction and the permanent dipole moment diminishes the mean of the orientation angles; for an ensemble of molecules, angular distributions provide more complex and additional information at times where there are no revivals in the single molecule plot. In particular, at the revival peak instant, with the increase of temperature of the molecular ensemble, the anisotropic angular distributions with respect to the laser polarization direction of the π _g orbital gradually transform to the symmetrical distributions regarding the laser polarization vector and for two HOMO configurations angular distributions of all directions are confined within a smaller angle when the temperature of the molecular ensemble is higher.     

Polarization conversions of diffractive wave plates based on orthogonal circular-polarization holography

A polarization holographic grating, which integrates the functions of a grating and a wave plate and is called a diffractive wave plate, is recorded by two beams(left and right circularly polarized) of a 532 nm laser in an azo polymer with a liquid-crystal structure. The polarization conversion characteristics of the diffractive wave plates are investigated with a detecting light of 650 nm by metering the polarization state of first-order diffracted light.It is confirmed that the diffractive wave plates convert the incident linear polarization into circular polarization for a linearly polarized probe laser and reverse the sense of rotation of the circular polarization when the detecting light is circularly polarized light.     

道威棱镜的偏振特性及偏振补偿研究

为了避免机载光电吊舱中共口径光学系统内部由于道威棱镜旋转引起的激光照射脉冲偏振态的变化,利用琼斯矩阵对道威棱镜的偏振特性与四分之一波片、半波片补偿道威棱镜旋转引起的激光脉冲偏振态变化进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明:线偏振的激光脉冲通过旋转一定角度的道威棱镜时,激光脉冲偏振态变为椭圆偏振,偏振态发生变化;而激光脉冲首先通过旋转一定角度的四分之一波片与半波片时,可使通过道威棱镜系统的激光脉冲偏振态保持不变,且两波片旋转角度与道威棱镜旋转角度之间存在一种非线性关系。采用偏振补偿方法可有效避免机载共口径光学系统中道威棱镜引起的激光脉冲偏振态变化,提高激光脉冲能量利用率,降低激光脉冲后向散射抑制难度。     

Stokes参量数字全息法实现相位物体成像

为实现对相位物体的无损检测和成像,克服数字同轴全息相位物体成像技术在消除零级像和孪生像的干扰时存在的系列问题,提出一种基于Stokes参量的新的数字同轴全息技术。该方法区别于传统的利用干涉光场来记录原始像项的数字全息方法,通过测量物参光合成光束的Stokes参量来分别得到这两束光的振幅和相位差,从而准确、唯一地获得原始像项;再利用数字再现即可重构物光的振幅和相位信息。实验中对弱吸收的相位样品进行了测量,得到样品清晰的振幅和相位分布。结果表明,采用该方法对相位物体进行数字全息再现,可以克服传统同轴全息图中零级像和共轭像对相位物体信息的严重干扰,对于提取相位物体的振幅和相位信息是可行和有效的。     

激光遥感偏振成像系统光学元件调整及误差分析

改进了利用双旋转波片方法进行偏振成像的实验装置,提出了通过一次测量获得目标偏振度和强度编码图像的方法.运用光强法对激光遥感偏振成像装置的光学元件进行调整,通过斯托克斯和穆勒矩阵在偏振光学元件中的应用,给出了相应光学元件的调整原理、方法及过程.分析了激光器中心波长变动、偏振片的角度误差和波片的相位延迟及角度误差对整个系统的影响.结果表明,由偏振片角度和波片角度误差造成的出射光斯托克斯误差较小,不超过0.001,可以忽略;由波片相位延迟不精确造成的误差在0.02左右,所以应采用延迟精度较高的波片;激光器中心波长变化的影响最大,不能忽略,必须加滤光片使接收光的中心波长控制在808nm;镀有铝膜望远镜对接收到的散射光偏振度影响较小,适于激光遥感偏振成像系统的应用.     

Optical properties of polarization-dependent geometric phase elements with partially polarized light

The behavior of geometric phase elements illuminated with partially polarized monochromatic beams is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The element discussed in this paper is composed of wave plates with π-retardation and a space-variant orientation angle. We found that a beam emerging from such an element comprises two polarization orders; right-and left-handed circularly polarized states with conjugate geometric phase modification. This phase equals twice the orientation angle of the space-variant wave plate comprising the element. Apart from the two polarization orders, the emerging beam coherence polarization matrix includes a “vectorial interference matrix” which contains information concerning the correlation between the two orthogonal, circularly polarized portions of the incident beam. In this paper we measure this correlation by a simple interference experiment. In addition, we found that the equivalent mutual intensity of the emerging beam is modulated according to the geometric phase induced by the element. Other interesting phenomena concerning propagation will be discussed theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. The experiment made use of a spherical geometric phase element that was realized by use of a space-variant subwavelength grating illuminated with CO₂ laser radiation of 10.6 μm wavelength.     

基于双频光源和涡旋相位的互补旋转集束匀滑方案

提出了一种基于双频光源和涡旋相位板实现光束快速互补旋转的集束匀滑方案。双频光源为集束中各子束提供频移,拓扑荷数相同但反号的涡旋相位板阵列用于将各个子束变换成拉盖尔—高斯(LG)光束,而通过偏振控制则可实现子束间两两的相干叠加。在此基础上,通过采用共轭连续相位板可使波长不同、偏振态不同的子束组合在靶面形成快速旋转且空间上互补填充的焦斑。结果表明,利用这一方案可实现子束散斑在靶面上快速旋转且散斑分布保持互补,进而有效改善靶面辐照均匀性,甚至为抑制激光等离子体不稳定性提供了一种潜在途径。     

High-stability single-frequency green laser with a wedge Nd:YVO4 as a polarizing beam splitter

The effect of the large power depletion of the fundamental wave in the phase-matched polarization on the stability of the second-harmonic wave output from an intracavity frequency-doubled ring laser is discussed. It has been demonstrated that the instability resulting from the unbalanced power depletion of the fundamental waves can be eliminated by using a wedge laser rod. The function dependence of the wedge angle and the laser power is concluded. An intracavity frequency-doubled ring laser with a wedge Nd:YVO₄ laser crystal and a LBO doubler is designed and built. Comparing with similar lasers but without using the wedge laser crystal, the frequency-conversion efficiency, the power stability and the polarization purity of the second-harmonic wave output from the laser with a wedge laser rod are significantly improved. The single-frequency green laser of 6.5 W at 532 nm, with the polarization degree more than 500:1 and the power stability better than ±0.3% for 3 h, was experimentally achieved.     

Fe:LiNbO3晶体简并四波混频(DFWM)在光学图象处理中的应用

本文介绍Fe:LiNbO₃晶体在波长为6328?的低功率激光下的简并四波混频(DFWM)现象。给出了在不同泵浦功率下,共轭波强度随照射时间变化的实验曲线。验证了共轭波的位相补偿特性,并利用该特性校正了位相畸变的图象,得到了与理论相一致的实验结果。 关键词：     

BR-PVA固体膜在四波混频相干场中的光栅特性和位相共轭波的暂态行为

利用Ar离子激光简并四波混频(DFWM)技术,对细菌视紫质(BR)-聚乙烯醇(PVA)固体膜的位相共轭波特性进行了理论和实验研究。采用BR光循环的双态模型和粒子数速率方程,以及全息光栅理论描述了该体系的PC波的衍射效率、时间响应和饱和特性,给出了相应的表达式。讨论了该体系在DFWM场中的光栅机制和上述特性对于输入波的偏振态,强度和强度比,到达样品的时间和形成的初始浓度光栅等参数的依赖关系。实验结果与理论分析相符。     

用Stokes参量法实现数字同轴偏振全息的研究

提出了一种基于Stokes参量的数字同轴偏振全息方法.在实验中用一束线偏振光和一束椭圆偏振光作为参考光, 分别与物光进行干涉,通过拍摄在两个相互垂直方向上的全息图,计算出物光在这两个方向的振幅和相位信息, 从而得到物光的Stokes参量和物体的全偏振信息,实现对各向异性物体偏振态空间分布的图像重建. 实验结果表明,该方法可用于物体的全偏振特性的测量.这种方法在求出物光Stokes参量的同时, 也可消除零级像和共轭像的干扰,因此也可用于同轴或离轴全息.     

Interferences of ultrashort free electron wave packets

Interferences of free electron wave packets generated by a pair of identical, time-delayed, femtosecond laser pulses which ionize excited atomic potassium have been observed. Two different schemes are investigated: threshold electrons produced by one-photon ionization with parallel laser polarization and above threshold ionization electrons produced by a two-photon transition with crossed laser polarization. Our results show that the temporal coherence of light pulses is transferred to free electron wave packets, thus opening the door to a whole variety of exciting experiments.     

腔内偏振元件对激光特性的影响

Nd:YAG固体激光器的偏振特性在许多实际应用中非常重要.特别是在非线性光学频率变换中,无论是实现Ⅰ类相位匹配还是Ⅱ类相位匹配的非线性光学晶体,对基频光的偏振特性都有一定的要求.研究了半导体激光侧向泵浦固体Nd:YAG激光器的偏振特性.实验测量了腔内镀膜偏振片和它们在腔内不同位置时对激光偏振特性的影响.消光比测量表明,...     

Determination of temporal correlation of ultrafast laser pulses using phase conjugation

A new time domain single shot conjugation autocorrelator is described. Three beams derived from the same initial laser pulse interact in a nonlinear medium to produce a backward signal wave in a 90° phase conjugate geometry. The pulse duration is determined from the spatial width of the phase conjugate beam emerging from the interaction region. Pulse duration measurements of pulses selected from a YAG laser train show that shorter pulses are generated toward the tail of the pulse train.     

Mutually pumped phase conjugate mirror using cross polarized photorefractive coupling

This paper presents a new proposal for a mutually pumped phase conjugate mirror (MPPCM) using cross polarization. In the cross polarized MPPCM, two light beams, whose polarizations are orthogonal to each other, incident on a photorefractive crystal, causing photorefractive interaction to generate phase conjugate waves with an orthogonal polarization to an incident beam. The use of Ar⁺ laser and BaTiO₃ crystal in an experiment for the cross polarized MPPCM found that diffraction efficiency for an extraordinary beam is about 20%. As opposed to a conventional parallel polarized MPPCM in which the use of a beam splitter is required to separate a diffraction beam, the cross polarized MPPCM can efficiently extract phase conjugate waves by means of a polarized beam splitter, demonstrating the advantage of substantially improved efficiency.     

Femtosecond pulse laser-induced self-organized nanogratings on the surface of a ZnSe crystal

Periodic nanostructures are observed on the surface of ZnSe after irradiation by a focused beam of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser, which are aligned perpendicular to the laser polarization direction. The period of self-organized grating structures is about 160 nm. The phenomenon is interpreted in terms of interference between the incident light field and the surface scattered wave of 800-nm laser pulses. With the laser polarization parallel to the moving direction we produce long-range Bragg-like gratings by slowly moving the crystal under a fixed laser focus. The nanograting orientation is adjusted by laser polarization and the accumulation effect. PACS 81.16.Rf; 78.67.-n; 33.80.Rv; 82.53.Mj; 81.16.-c     

双折射光子晶体光纤中超连续谱产生的实验研究

研究了30 fs激光在双折射光子晶体光纤中传输时,泵浦光功率和偏振态对超连续谱产生的影响。实验结果表明:随着泵浦光功率增加,光谱宽度显著增加,出现红移的光孤子和蓝移的色散波;当泵浦光的偏振态分别平行于光子晶体光纤长轴和短轴时,二者都有红移的光孤子和蓝移的色散波,但前者色散波波长更短;当泵浦光偏振态介于长轴与短轴之间,可能在色散波之外出现了交叉相位波,产生的超连续谱最强,且其近场光斑最大且最亮。     

偏振相移与相位共轭结合的散射光聚焦技术研究

散射介质对光的随机散射作用是制约其光学聚焦和成像的重要因素，光学相位共轭技术能够通过对散射光场共轭还原实现透过散射介质的光学聚焦和成像，其中散射光场相位的获取是共轭还原的核心。阐述了偏振相移的基本原理，将偏振相移与相位共轭技术相结合，设计了新的基于偏振相移的数字光学相位共轭系统。采用633 nm的HeNe激光器作为系统光源，毛玻璃作为散射介质开展散射光聚焦实验研究。实验结果表明:该装置能够成功实现透过散射介质的光学聚焦，其中聚焦点与背景光强的比值可达约400倍。     

High-resolution four-photon intracavity laser spectroscopy with the external phase conjugation mirror

The phase conjugation regime is experimentally implemented in a cell with a liquid (water, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride) at the four-wave mixing of counter-propagating beams of diode lasers. Intracavity enhancement of the conjugate wave and the wave of the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) arising in the interaction of the conjugate wave and one of the pumping waves in CARS scheme is detected. The latter process occurs in a narrow spectral range when the geometry of the wave vectors of the interacting waves in CARS scheme ensures arrival of the CARS signal at the laser aperture. It is found out that the quality of the four-photon phase conjugate mirror in the given interaction scheme is very sensitive to any perturbations (mechanical, acoustic, thermal, etc.) of the induced grating in the sample, which manifests itself in the distortion of the signal spectrum.     

Response of a BaTiO3 phase conjugate mirror to broadband and narrowband radiation

The bandwidth of a BaTiO₃ self-pumped phase conjugate mirror is measured in three different ways. 1) The crystal is exposed to infrared light with a phase change that is sinusoidal in time and the degree of phase modulation on the reflected wave is measured. As the modulation frequency is increased from 0.1 to 3 GHz, the modulation transfer function of the phase conjugate mirror decreases by a factor of 2. 2) The crystal is exposed to visible light from a laser operated both in a single longitudinal mode and in multiple longitudinal modes. When the laser bandwidth is increased from 20 MHz to 2 GHz the reflectivity of the phase conjugate mirror increases by up to a factor of 7. 3) A laser cavity is formed with the crystal as one end mirror and the lasing bandwidth is measured. Depending on the exact conditions, lasing bandwidths range from 2 to 240 GHz.