The generalized Berg theorem and BDF-theorem

Let be a separable simple -algebra with finitely many extreme traces. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for an essentially normal element , i.e., is normal ( is the quotient map), having the form for some normal element and We also show that a normal element can be quasi-diagonalized if and only if the Fredholm index for all In the case that is a simple -algebra of real rank zero, with stable rank one and with continuous scale, and has countable rank, we show that a normal element with zero Fredholm index can be written as

where is an (increasing) approximate identity for consisting of projections, is a bounded sequence of numbers and with for any given

     

Symmetric powers of complete modules over a two-dimensional regular local ring

Let be a two-dimensional regular local ring with infinite residue field. For a finitely generated, torsion-free -module , write for the th symmetric power of , mod torsion. We study the modules , , when is complete (i.e., integrally closed). In particular, we show that , for any minimal reduction and that the ring is Cohen-Macaulay.

     

Isomorphism of lattices of recursively enumerable sets

Let , and for , let be the lattice of subsets of which are recursively enumerable relative to the ``oracle' . Let be , where is the ideal of finite subsets of . It is established that for any , is effectively isomorphic to if and only if , where is the Turing jump of . A consequence is that if , then . A second consequence is that can be effectively embedded into preserving least and greatest elements if and only if .

     

A Characterization of Finitely Decidable Congruence Modular Varieties

For every finitely generated, congruence modular variety of finite type we find a finite family of finite rings such that the variety is finitely decidable if and only if is congruence permutable and residually small, all solvable congruences in finite algebras from are Abelian, each congruence above the centralizer of the monolith of a subdirectly irreducible algebra from is comparable with all congruences of , each homomorphic image of a subdirectly irreducible algebra with a non-Abelian monolith has a non-Abelian monolith, and, for each ring from , the variety of -modules is finitely decidable.

     

Kaehler structures on

Let be a compact connected semi-simple Lie group, let , and let be an Iwasawa decomposition. To a given -invariant Kaehler structure on , there corresponds a pre-quantum line bundle on . Following a suggestion of A.S. Schwarz, in a joint paper with V. Guillemin, we studied its holomorphic sections as a -representation space. We defined a -invariant -structure on , and let denote the space of square-integrable holomorphic sections. Then is a unitary -representation space, but not all unitary irreducible -representations occur as subrepresentations of . This paper serves as a continuation of that work, by generalizing the space considered. Let be a Borel subgroup containing , with commutator subgroup . Instead of working with , we consider , for all parabolic subgroups containing . We carry out a similar construction, and recover in the unitary irreducible -representations previously missing. As a result, we use these holomorphic sections to construct a model for : a unitary -representation in which every irreducible -representation occurs with multiplicity one.

     

Coherent functors, with application to torsion in the Picard group

Let be a commutative noetherian ring. We investigate a class of functors from commutative -algebras to sets, which we call coherent. When such a functor in fact takes its values in abelian groups, we show that there are only finitely many prime numbers such that is infinite, and that none of these primes are invertible in . This (and related statements) yield information about torsion in . For example, if is of finite type over , we prove that the torsion in is supported at a finite set of primes, and if is infinite, then the prime is not invertible in . These results use the (already known) fact that if such an is normal, then is finitely generated. We obtain a parallel result for a reduced scheme of finite type over . We classify the groups which can occur as the Picard group of a scheme of finite type over a finite field.

     

Duality of restriction and induction for -coactions

Consider a coaction of a locally compact group on a - algebra , and a closed normal subgroup of . We prove, following results of Echterhoff for abelian , that Mansfield's imprimitivity between and implements equivalences between Mansfield induction of representations from to and restriction of representations from to , and between restriction of representations from to and Green induction of representations from to . This allows us to deduce properties of Mansfield induction from the known theory of ordinary crossed products.

     

On the Denjoy rank, the Kechris-Woodin rank and the Zalcwasser rank

We show that the Denjoy rank and the Zalcwasser rank are incomparable. We construct for any countable ordinal differentiable functions and such that the Zalcwasser rank and the Kechris-Woodin rank of are but the Denjoy rank of is 2 and the Denjoy rank and the Kechris-Woodin rank of are but the Zalcwasser rank of is 1. We then derive a theorem that shows the surprising behavior of the Denjoy rank, the Kechris-Woodin rank and the Zalcwasser rank.

     

Contractions on a manifold polarized by an ample vector bundle

A complex manifold of dimension together with an ample vector bundle on it will be called a generalized polarized variety. The adjoint bundle of the pair is the line bundle . We study the positivity (the nefness or ampleness) of the adjoint bundle in the case . If this was previously done in a series of papers by Ye and Zhang, by Fujita, and by Andreatta, Ballico and Wisniewski.

If is nef then, by the Kawamata-Shokurov base point free theorem, it supports a contraction; i.e. a map from onto a normal projective variety with connected fiber and such that , for some ample line bundle on . We describe those contractions for which . We extend this result to the case in which has log terminal singularities. In particular this gives Mukai's conjecture 1 for singular varieties. We consider also the case in which for every fiber and is birational.

     

Only single twists on unknots can produce composite knots

Let be a knot in the -sphere , and a disc in meeting transversely more than once in the interior. For non-triviality we assume that over all isotopy of . Let () be a knot obtained from by cutting and -twisting along the disc (or equivalently, performing -Dehn surgery on ). Then we prove the following: (1) If is a trivial knot and is a composite knot, then ; (2) if is a composite knot without locally knotted arc in and is also a composite knot, then . We exhibit some examples which demonstrate that both results are sharp. Independently Chaim Goodman-Strauss has obtained similar results in a quite different method.

     

Congruences, Trees, and -Adic Integers

Let be a polynomial in one variable with integer coefficients, and a prime. A solution of the congruence may branch out into several solutions modulo , or it may be extended to just one solution, or it may not extend to any solution. Again, a solution modulo may or may not be extendable to solutions modulo , etc. In this way one obtains the ``solution tree' of congruences modulo for . We will deal with the following questions: What is the structure of such solution trees? How many ``isomorphism classes' are there of trees when ranges through polynomials of bounded degree and height? We will also give bounds for the number of solutions of congruences in terms of and the degree of .

     

The homotopy groups of the at the prime 3

In this paper, we try to compute the homotopy groups of the -localized Toda-Smith spectrum at the prime 3 by using the Adams-Novikov spectral sequence, and have almost done so. This computation involves non-trivial differentials and of the Adams-Novikov spectral sequence, different from the case . We also determine the homotopy groups of some -localized finite spectra relating to . We further show some of the non-trivial differentials on elements relating so-called -elements in the Adams-Novikov spectral sequence for .

     

Structural properties of universal minimal dynamical systems for discrete semigroups

We show that for a discrete semigroup there exists a uniquely determined complete Boolean algebra - the algebra of clopen subsets of . is the phase space of the universal minimal dynamical system for and it is an extremally disconnected compact Hausdorff space. We deal with this connection of semigroups and complete Boolean algebras focusing on structural properties of these algebras. We show that is either atomic or atomless; that is weakly homogenous provided has a minimal left ideal; and that for countable semigroups is semi-Cohen. We also present a class of what we call group-like semigroups that includes commutative semigroups, inverse semigroups, and right groups. The group reflection of a group-like semigroup can be constructed via universal minimal dynamical system for and, moreover, and are the same.

     

homology over traced *-algebras

Given a unital complex *-algebra , a tracial positive linear functional on that factors through a *-representation of on Hilbert space, and an -module possessing a resolution by finitely generated projective -modules, we construct homology spaces for . Each is a Hilbert space equipped with a *-representation of , independent (up to unitary equivalence) of the given resolution of . A short exact sequence of -modules gives rise to a long weakly exact sequence of homology spaces. There is a Künneth formula for tensor products. The von Neumann dimension which is defined for -invariant subspaces of gives well-behaved Betti numbers and an Euler characteristic for with respect to and .

     

Small cancellation groups and translation numbers

In this paper we prove that C(4)-T(4)-P, C(3)-T(6)-P and C(6)-P small cancellation groups are translation discrete in the strongest possible sense and that in these groups for any and any there is an algorithm deciding whether or not the equation has a solution. There is also an algorithm for calculating for each the maximum such that is an -th power of some element. We also note that these groups cannot contain isomorphic copies of the group of -adic fractions and so in particular of the group of rational numbers. Besides we show that for and groups all translation numbers are rational and have bounded denominators.

     

Mean-boundedness and Littlewood-Paley for separation-preserving operators

Suppose that is a -finite measure space, , and is a bounded, invertible, separation-preserving linear operator such that the linear modulus of is mean-bounded. We show that has a spectral representation formally resembling that for a unitary operator, but involving a family of projections in which has weaker properties than those associated with a countably additive Borel spectral measure. This spectral decomposition for is shown to produce a strongly countably spectral measure on the ``dyadic sigma-algebra' of , and to furnish with abstract analogues of the classical Littlewood-Paley and Vector-Valued M. Riesz Theorems for .

     

On Matroids Representable over and other Fields

The matroids that are representable over and some other fields depend on the choice of field. This paper gives matrix characterisations of the classes that arise. These characterisations are analogues of the characterisation of regular matroids as the ones that can be represented over the rationals by a totally-unimodular matrix. Some consequences of the theory are as follows. A matroid is representable over and if and only if it is representable over and the rationals, and this holds if and only if it is representable over for all odd primes . A matroid is representable over and the complex numbers if and only if it is representable over and . A matroid is representable over , and if and only if it is representable over every field except possibly . If a matroid is representable over for all odd primes , then it is representable over the rationals.

     

Kernel of locally nilpotent

In this paper we study the kernel of a non-zero locally nilpotent -derivation of the polynomial ring over a noetherian integral domain containing a field of characteristic zero. We show that if is normal then the kernel has a graded -algebra structure isomorphic to the symbolic Rees algebra of an unmixed ideal of height one in , and, conversely, the symbolic Rees algebra of any unmixed height one ideal in can be embedded in as the kernel of a locally nilpotent -derivation of . We also give a necessary and sufficient criterion for the kernel to be a polynomial ring in general.

     

The nonexistence of expansive homeomorphisms of a class of continua which contains all decomposable circle-like continua

A homeomorphism of a compactum with metric is expansive if there is such that if and , then there is an integer such that . It is well-known that -adic solenoids () admit expansive homeomorphisms, each is an indecomposable continuum, and cannot be embedded into the plane. In case of plane continua, the following interesting problem remains open: For each , does there exist a plane continuum so that admits an expansive homeomorphism and separates the plane into components? For the case , the typical plane continua are circle-like continua, and every decomposable circle-like continuum can be embedded into the plane. Naturally, one may ask the following question: Does there exist a decomposable circle-like continuum admitting expansive homeomorphisms? In this paper, we prove that a class of continua, which contains all chainable continua, some continuous curves of pseudo-arcs constructed by W. Lewis and all decomposable circle-like continua, admits no expansive homeomorphisms. In particular, any decomposable circle-like continuum admits no expansive homeomorphism. Also, we show that if is an expansive homeomorphism of a circle-like continuum , then is itself weakly chaotic in the sense of Devaney.