Effect of Alumina and Chromium Interlayers on Microstructures and Optical Properties of Thin Ag Films on Glass Substrates

Effects of alumina and chromium interlayers on the microstructure and optical properties of thin Ag films are investigated by using spectrophotometry, x-ray diffraction and AFM. The characteristics of Ag films in Ag/glass, Ag/l2O3/glass and Ag/Cr/glass stacks are analysed. The results indicate that the insertion of an Al2O3 or Cr layer decreases the grains and influences the reflectance of Ag films. The reflectance of the Ag film can be increased by controlling the thickness of alumina interlayer. The stability of Ag films is improved and the adhesion of Ag films on glass substrates is enhanced by alumina as an interlayer.     

Form Factors and Action of on ∞-Cycles

Let be a sequence of skew-symmetric polynomials in X₁,,X_l satisfying deg_XjP_n,ln–1, whose coefficients are symmetric Laurent polynomials in z₁,,z_n. We call p an -cycle if holds for all n,l. These objects arise in integral representations for form factors of massive integrable field theory, i.e., the SU(2)-invariant Thirring model and the sine-Gordon model. The variables _a=–logX_a are the integration variables and _j=logz_j are the rapidity variables. To each -cycle there corresponds a form factor of the above models. Conjecturally all form-factors are obtained from the -cycles. In this paper, we define an action of on the space of -cycles. There are two sectors of -cycles depending on whether n is even or odd. Using this action, we show that the character of the space of even (resp. odd) -cycles which are polynomials in z₁,,z_n is equal to the level (–1) irreducible character of with lowest weight –₀ (resp. –₁). We also suggest a possible tensor product structure of the full space of -cycles.     

Study of reflection and transmission on the moving interface of medium

The laws of refection and transimission on a moving interface between two nonvacuum medium are studied and the new method, which can be used for handling reflection and transimission on the moving interfaces between the vacuum-nonvacuum media and between two nonvacuum medium is suggested. The formula of reflection and transmission coefficients that suitable for both cases are derived. The present paper not only enriches electrodynamical theory, but also laies the foundation of optical waveguide modulators and other similar device.     

Influence of ambient pressure on properties and expansion of laser-induced plasma

A Nd:YAG pulsed laser is used to ablate HgCdTe target at different ambient pressures, the emission spectrum is detected by a time- and space-resolved diagnostic technique. It is found that the characteristics of time-resolved emission spectra are influenced by the pressure of background gas. A theoretical model is developed to investigate expansion mechanism of plasma, the time evolution of the propagation distances and the velocities of plasma plume are calculated by the model at pressures of 1.01×105, 1000, and 5 Pa, respectively. The calculated results are well consistent with the experimental data.     

Study of reflection and transmission on the moving interface of medium

The laws of refection and transimission on a moving interface between two nonvacuum medium are studied and the new method, which can be used for handling reflection and transimission on the moving interfaces between the vacuum-nonvacuum media and between two nonvacuum medium is suggested. The formula of reflection and transmission coefficients that suitable for both cases are derived. The present paper not only enriches electrodynamical theory, but also laies the foundation of optical waveguide modulators and other similar device.     

The threshold photoproduction of π0 on nucleons and on few-nucleon systems

The absolute value of the π⁰ photoproduction cross section on the proton recently measured near threshold enables to reanalyze previous data collected on ²H, ³He, and ⁴He relatively to the proton. Absolute cross sections are presented for these nuclei in the energy region extending up to 10 MeV above threshold. The threshold s-wave amplitudes for ²H and ³He thus obtained are discussed in relation with the neutron threshold amplitude E^(nπ0)₀₊ value.     

Effect of ultrasound on the activity and conformation of α-amylase,papain and pepsin

The effect of ultrasound on the activity of α-amylase, papain and pepsin was investigated and the mechanism of the effect was explored by determining their conformational changes. With the irradiation of power ultrasound, the activity of α-amylase and papain was inhibited, while the activity of pepsin was activated. According to the analysis of circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy, the π_o → π¹ amide transitions and secondary structural components, especially β-sheet, of these three enzymes were significantly influenced by ultrasound. The tryptophan fluorescence intensity of the three enzymes was also observed to be affected by sonication. Furthermore, it was found that the pepsin molecule might gradually be resistant to prolonged ultrasonic treatment and recover from the ultrasound-induced damage to its original structure. The results suggested that the activity of α-amylase, papain and pepsin could be modified by ultrasonic treatment mainly due to the variation of their secondary and tertiary structures.     

Effects of Concentration and Conformation of Surfactants on Phase Separation of Surfactant-Water-Oil Systems

The effects of surfactants on the phase separation of surfactant-water-oil systems have been investigated by using discontinuous molecular dynamic simulations. The phase separation speed and equilibrium configuration are dependent on the surfactant concentration and conformation. The equilibrium concentration of surfactants     

Diffractive production of ρ-mesons and of ρπ-systems by neutrinos and antineutrinos on protons

Evidence is presented for diffractive production of -mesons and of -systems invp and chargedcurrent interactions. In the (anti-)neutrino energy range 10 GeVE _v <60 gev=" the=" cross=" sections=" for=" diffractive="> and diffractive production are found to be (0.64±0.14 (stat.)±0.08 (syst.))% and (0.28±0.08 (stat.)±0.04 (syst.))% of the charged-current cross section. The diffractive signal is consistent with being entirely due to diffractivea ₁ production. However, the data cannot distinguish between diffractivea ₁ and diffractive nonresonant production. The experimental distributions ofW, Q ²,x _Bj andy _Bj for diffractive and events are consistent with model predictions.     

Preparation and Properties of GaN Films on GaAs Substrates

Polycrystalline gallium nitride films with hexagonal structure were prepared by a post-nitridation technique. A strong blue photoluminescence located at 458 nm and a UV photoluminescence located at 368 nm were observed at room temperature. The 368 nm peak is PL from band-edge emission. The blue luminescence is attributed to the transition from deep donor level to the valence band.     

A Comparison of GSIFTP and RFIO on a WAN

We present a comparison of wide-area file transfer performance of the new Globus GSIFTP and CERN‘s rfio tools,The full version of the paper is available on the web at the following URL.     

Resonant and quasi-free mechanisms of ∑-production on nuclei

Competition between resonant and quasi-free ∑-hypernuclear production is studied in the continuum shell-model for in-flight (K⁻, π⁺) strangeness transfer. Threshold effects and single-particle peculiarities of the shallow ∑-nucleus potential are found to be important. Assuming a potential shallower than 15 MeV, the observed structures in the ∑-hypernuclear excitation spectra can be essentially accounted for by the quasi-free mechanism alone.     

Effects of pressure and gas-jet thickness on the generation of attosecond poulser

We investigate how the intensity and duration of an attosecond pulse generated from high-order harmonic generation are affected by the pressure and thickness of the gas jet by taking into account the macroscopic propagation of both fun- damental and harmonic fields. Our simulations show that, limited by the propagation effects, especially the absorption of harmonics, the intensity of an attosecond pulse cannot be improved by just independently increasing the gas pressure or the medium length. On the other hand, due to good phase-matching conditions, the duration of a generated attosecond pulse can be improved by changing the gas pressure.     

Structure of Callisto and Ice Holes on Its Surface

The discovery of the induced magnetic field of Callisto that is a satellite of Jupiter has been interpreted as evidence for a subsurface salty liquid-water ocean,so we consider a layered structure of callisto,i.e.,a rock-metal core,an outer layer of ice and a middle layer of ocean.For the rock-metal core we try to indicate how the temperature,pressure and mass density depend on the depth.Due to motionn across the magnetic field of Jupiter in a plasma environment,the ice shell of Callisto must be broken down by electric current.     

Self-Organization of Topology and Weight Dynamics on Networks from Merging and Regeneration

We propose a model of weighted networks in which the structural evolution is coupled with weight dynamics. Based on a simple merging and regeneration process, the model gives powel-law distributions of degree, strength and weight, as observed in many real networks. It should be emphasized that, in our model, the nontrivial degree-strength correlation can be reproduced and in agreement with empirical data. Moreover, the size-growing evolution model is also presented to meet the properties of real-world systems.     

Humidity Effects on Imaging and Nanomanipulation of Individual DNA Molecules on HOPG Surface

Single DNA molecules are aligned on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite （HOPG） surface in ambient air. It is shown that environmental humidity has a remarkable influence on the measured height of DNA by atomic force microscopy （AFM）, probably due to the conformation transition of DNA. We also demonstrate that DNA molecules deposited on HOPG surface can be ＇pushed＇ much more easily by AFM tip at high humidity than at 10W one.     

The effects of laser and electric field on sprouting of rice seeds

There is a number of reports on the laser-treatment of rice in these years.But wedidn't see any report about treating rice seeds with laser plus DC electric field.This paper re-ports the initial result of the strengthened seed vitality,having been treated by laser plus elec-tric field.     

Influences of Annealing on Residual Stress and Structure of HfO2 Films

HfO2 films are deposited on BK7 glass substrates by electron beam evaporation. The influences of annealing between 100℃ and 400℃ on residual stresses and structures of HfO2 films are studied. It is found that little differences of spectra, residual stresses and structures are obtained after annealing at lower temperatures. After annealing at higher temperatures, the spectra shift to short wavelength, the residual stress increases with the increasing annealing temperature. At the same time, the crystallite size increases and interplanar distance decreases. The variations of optical spectra and residual stress correspond to the evolutions of structures induced by annealing.     

Dependence of energy and orientation of 90° Bloch wall on stress

The energy and orientation of a 90° Bloch wall are calculated as functions of the stress. The relative occurrence of stress in a quenched single crystal of silicon-iron is derived on the basis of the experimental distribution of the zigzag angle.

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90- . . 500 kg mm^–2.

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The authors thank F. Kroupa and J. Paes for valuable remarks.     

Influence of Thermal Annealing and Deposition Conditions on the Structure and Optical Properties of GRS‐Active Substrates Based on Silver Films

Using the methods of atomicforce microscopy, xray diffractometry, and spectrophotometry, we have studied the morphological, structural, and optical characteristics of GRSactive substrates based on original and annealed silver films. We show that the backing temperature during deposition is the factor which exerts the most substantial effect on the morphological and optical properties of silver films and also on their stability with time. The coefficients of the correlation of the deposition rate with the characteristics of the optical density spectra of silver films are calculated. It is found that hightemperature (350°C) annealing of a silver film leads to the selforganization of its surface into a quasiperiodic structure with semiellipsoidal islets. The contribution of the processes of excitation of plasma resonances to the formation of the optical density spectra is discussed. It is shown that as a result of thermal modification the concentration of the crystalline phase of silver in a silver film increases 2–3 times and also the dispersion of the orientation of crystallites decreases.