基于网络的化学中心实验室仪器管理初探

介绍网络环境下化学中心实验室仪器综合管理系统的设计与实现,按照国家化学基础课实验教学示范中心建设标准,对网络平台下实验室仪器管理的过程进行了初步探讨。     

食品检测过程质量控制要素北大核心CSCD

在食品理化检测工作中如何保证连续出具准确、可靠的检测结果,有效地控制检验活动,证明检测过程的稳定性,降低和避免检验质量问题的发生一直是食品理化检验实验室关注和研究的问题。对实验室全部质量要素的控制称为内部质量控制,实验室的检验质量受到检验人员、操作过程、仪器设备、试验试剂、检验方法、试验环境等因素的影响。     

食品检测过程质量控制要素

正在食品理化检测工作中如何保证连续出具准确、可靠的检测结果,有效地控制检验活动,证明检测过程的稳定性,降低和避免检验质量问题的发生一直是食品理化检验实验室关注和研究的问题。对实验室全部质量要素的控制称为内部质量控制,实验室的检验质量受到检验人员、操作过程、仪器设备、试验试剂、检验方法、试验环境等因素的影响。实验室内部常用的质量控制方法较多,适用于化学实验室的方法有人员比对、方法比对、仪器比对、留     

理化试验室化学计量技术考核方法

采用化学计量技术综合性考核方法对于评估一个系统的理化试验室计量技术的综合水平,加强对理化试验室的管理和提高各实验室的测试量值的准确性有其独特的优点。     

精细化工及药物合成中试实验室建设与运行管理的探索

结合笔者所组建的药学院原料药合成和天然产物提取两个方向的中试实验室建设实例,从硬件建设、设计布局以及管理等方面总结了相关经验,强调实验大楼设计与实验室建设相结合的重要性,避免相关设计硬伤;并从实验室工程技术人员的队伍建设、运行管理制度等方面提出相关建议。     

无锡建成食品安全快检中心

<正>不久前,无锡市食品安全快速检测实验中心建成并投入试运行。实验中心占地250 m~2,分为理化实验室、无菌实验室、接样室和档案室。实验室整体布局合理,突出开放性,具备良好的透视效果,配备中央空调和新风系统,具有良好的防风、防尘、控温设施。实验室配备有拉曼光谱仪、酶标仪、细菌总数检测仪、十六合一快检仪等实验仪器,以及其它辅     

生命科学分析实验室能力建设及其应用

随着科学技术的发展,学科间的交叉渗透形成了许多新兴学科.其中,传统分析化学手段以及现代分析仪器成功应用于生命科学领域,使生命分析科学应运而生.本文作者单位突破常规,勇于创新,首先在全国的理化分析测试机构中建立了生命科学分析实验室.本文仅就如何开展生命科学分析实验室能力建设问题进行了探讨,并以作者单位为例,介绍了实验室能力建设的具体措施以及对应用实例.     

化学实验室安全建设与管理的分析

高校实验室的安全管理是教学和科研活动的重要保障,关系到学生和老师的切身利益。本文从化学实验室安全建设和管理方面阐述了当前实验室在安全方面的建设和管理过程中存在的问题,就在实验室安全建设的硬件、软件和制度建设与管理等多个角度进行了探讨,总结了一些相关经验。     

自动化快速分析检测实验室的质量控制

<正>目前国内钢铁检验实验室均向自动化快速分析检测实验室方向发展。与传统的人工检验相比，自动化快速分析检测实验室利用自动化快速分析系统(简称快分系统),采用机器人代替检验人员，节约了大量的人力成本，有效提高了样品处理能力、工作效率和劳动生产率，并且检验过程无人工干预，对提高检验数据的准确度和可靠性具有非常好的引领示范作用，对理化检验过程的廉洁风险防控发挥了积极作用。     

理化分析测试实验室仪器设备的管理

仪器设备是实验室的重要资产,仪器设备管理是实验室正常运行的重要组成部分。从仪器设备的管理架构以及仪器设备的采购、验收、量值溯源、维护维修、报废等方面讨论了理化分析测试实验室仪器设备管理工作的重点和注意事项。     

Studies on the sea surface microlayer. II. The layer of sudden change of physical and chemical properties

Seawater samples of the sea surface microlayer were obtained from the ocean, coastal waters, and laboratory imitation experiments adopting glass plate, rotating drum, screen, and funnel samplers. The result was that surface microlayer samples of thickness 50 microm could be taken, not by the popular screen and funnel techniques, but by glass plate or rotating drum techniques. The layer of sudden change of physical and chemical properties in the surface microlayer was found at 50 microm below the sea-air interface. These physical and chemical properties included tens of physical and chemical parameters, such as concentrations of organic matter, nutrients, and dissolved trace metals, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand chlorophyll-a, surface tensions, and pH. Therefore, it was suggested that the layer of sudden change of physical and chemical properties in surface seawater should serve as a basis for defining the sea surface microlayer should, and be regarded as the practical operational thickness of the sea surface microlayer. The apparent sampling thickness of the sea surface microlayer from surface seawater should be 50+/-10 microm.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析信息系统的开发 Ⅱ.系统设计与系统评价

讨论了系统设计和系统评价。首先，根据ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ中有关信息在计算机中的流动、 转换、储存和处理情况设计了计算机流程图，然后根据数据库规范化的要求对数据库的概念 结构、逻辑结构和物理结构的设计作了讨论。该数据库包括了２８０００余条ＩＣＰ发射谱线的有 关数据。运行结果表明，该系统设计合理，信息量大，且具有方便、实用的用户界面。     

医用高分子水凝胶的设计与合成

作为一类重要的医用功能材料,高分子水凝胶可望在药物控释、软骨支架构建、活性细胞封装等方面获得广泛应用。综述了基于化学交联和物理交联的有关水凝胶的设计与合成方法,重点介绍了通过自由基共聚反应、结构互补基团间化学反应形成的化学交联水凝胶以及通过荷电相反离子问相互作用、两亲性嵌段或接枝共聚物疏水缔合、结晶与氢键相互作用形成的物理交联水凝胶。     

Measurement uncertainty from physical sample preparation: estimation including systematic error

A methodology is proposed, which employs duplicated primary sampling and subsequent duplicated physical preparation coupled with duplicated chemical analyses. Sample preparation duplicates should be prepared under conditions that represent normal variability in routine laboratory practice. The proposed methodology requires duplicated chemical analysis on a minimum of two of the sample preparation duplicates. Data produced from the hierarchical design is treated with robust analysis of variance (ANOVA) to generate uncertainty estimates, as standard uncertainties ('u' expressed as standard deviation), for primary sampling (ssamp), physical sample preparation (sprep) and chemical analysis (sanal). The ANOVA results allow the contribution of the sample preparation process to the overall uncertainty to be assessed. This methodology has been applied for the first time to a case study of pesticide residues in retail strawberry samples. Duplicated sample preparation was performed under ambient conditions on two consecutive days. Multi-residue analysis (quantification by GC-MS) was undertaken for a range of incurred pesticide residues including those suspected of being susceptible to loss during sample preparation procedures. Sampling and analytical uncertainties dominated at low analyte concentrations. The sample preparation process contributed up to 20% to the total variability and had a relative uncertainty (Uprep%) of up to 66% (for bupirimate at 95% confidence). Estimates of systematic errors during physical sample preparation were also made using spike recovery experiments. Four options for the estimation of measurement uncertainty are discussed, which both include and exclude systematic error arising from sample preparation and chemical analysis. A holistic approach to the combination and subsequent expression of uncertainty is advised.     

The ales laboratory automation system

A systenm for the automation of the analytical activities of a chemical laboratory is described. The system dieals with investigations of physical and chemical characteristics of telecommunication materials for prototype development and quality control. The architecture, software development and interfacing of different analytical instruments (mainly for calorimetry, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, chromatography and mechanics) for the ALES (Automatzione del Laboratorio Elettrochimico SIP) system are discussed in terms of analytical and management performance.     

On practical metrology and chemical analysis: etalons and traceability systems

 National measurement systems are infrastructures to ensure, for each nation, a consistent and internationally recognised basis for measurement. Such complex systems have historical, technical, legal, organisational and institutional aspects to connect scientific metrology with practical measurements. Underlying any valid measurement is a chain of comparisons linking the measurement to an accepted standard. The ways the links are forged and the etalons (measurement standards) to which they connect are defining characteristics of all measurement systems. This is often referred to as traceability which aims at basing measurements in common measurement units – a key issue for the integration of quantitative chemical analysis with the evolving physical and engineering measurement systems. Adequate traceability and metrological control make possible new technical capabilities and new levels of quality assurance and confidence by users in the accuracy and integrity of quantitative analytical results. Traceability for chemical measurements is difficult to achieve and harder to demonstrate. The supply of appropriate etalons is critical to the development of metrology systems for chemical analysis. An approach is suggested that involves the development of networks of specialised reference laboratories able to make matrix-independent reference measurements on submitted samples, which may then be used as reference materials by an originating laboratory using its practical measurement procedures. Received: 31 July 1995 Accepted: 19 August 1995     

乙酰胺-氯化锌新型离子液体的合成及物化性质

合成了CH3CONH2-ZnCl2体系离子液体;利用红外光谱仪分析了CH3CONH2-ZnCl2离子液体的化学特征,采用步冷曲线法绘制了CH3CONH2-ZnCl2二元体系熔点图,测定了其物化性质.结果表明,CH3CONH2-ZnCl2二元体系的最低熔点为8℃;当CH3CONH2与ZnCl2的摩尔比为3:1时,Zn2+...